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VOL. |. — APRIL 1885 to MARCH I886.
EDITOR: JOST 1. SIMIDE, NATIONAL MUSEUM,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
TONS Glee AMERIGANA
- BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1885. NO.
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ANNOUNCEMENT.
Experience has shown that the Entomologists of the United States have not been disposed to give that support, which would insure financial _ success to the various entomological journals that have been published,
and the feeling among many, of late years, has been that in union there would be strength. At the meeting of the Entomological Club of the May ACTA, S., “in September 1884, the desirability of a union of existing journals was unanimously conceded. Negotiations between the representatives of the ‘‘Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”, and “Papilio”, led to an arrangement by which these Journals were discontinued, and all intention of reviving
them abandoned. [nm their stead, a new Journal—of which this is the
first number—was created.
The new Journal will be devoted to Entomology in general, and the support of leading specialists in all orders has been promised, ‘The effort will be to make it interesting and instructive to all persons in any way interested in entomology.
For many reasons the issuing of such a Journal as an individual enterprise was deemed undesirable, and the representatives of ‘‘Papilio” therefore became life members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, which has been duly incorporated. Provision has been made for a permanent publication fund which, it is hoped, will place the new Journal on a sound financial basis,
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The publication committee consists of the Editor and Messrs. B. Neumoegen, H. Edwards, E. L. Graef and F. Tepper; and the two journals are therefore represented in the management.
- The Journal will be edited by Mr. J. B. Smith, who has heretofore had charge of the Bulletin, and we are glad to announce that Prof. C. V. Riley, U. S. Entomologist, who has also become a life member of the Society, has promised his assistance in making the Journal a success,
The proceedings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and of the Entomological Society of Washington, will be regularly published, and any other Entomological Society that will send us an abstract of its proceedings will receive like consideration.
We ask therefore that all interested in the advance of American Entomology give us their substantial and hearty aid in our new enter-
prise. Tue Pusiication CoMMITTFE,
Visit to an old time Entomologist. By Dr. Joun G. Morris.
One evening, some years ago, while sipping tea with the family of a friend in his garden in an interior Ohio village, I hastily and uncere- moniously sprung up from my chair, much to the astgnishment of my friends, and captured a beetle that was lazily flying by Well, I spilled my tea and dropped my flannel cake and tongue, (not my own, it was delicious beef tongue) but in the scramble, I secured the insect.
‘You should visit Baron Jenison, before you leave Ohio”, exclaimed the lady of the house, ‘‘he also catches bugs and is a queer specimen of a big-bug himself, and yet not a hum-bug either,”
‘‘Baron Jenison!” I replied, “I would goa hundred miles out of my way to see him, for I have heard of him as a man worth visiting.”
Having received directions, behold me early next morning on my way to visit a foreign titled entomologist who had settled down in Central Ohio. I had never corresponded with him, but I had heard of him. I knew that he was closely allied to one of the proudest families of the English nobility, but he himself was a German by birth. For some years he had held a distinguished rank in the army of a German prince. He had enjoyed all the advantages of a German university education. He was a gentleman of refined manners and ornamental accomplishments, —he excelled in music and as a draughtsman he had few equals, . His leisure
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hours were devoted to Entomology and his ardor became so intense, that, having procured a furlough from military duty, he went to Africa on a collecting tour and visited most of the museums and large private col- lections of Europe.
An unhappy disagreement with some of his family led him to leave his native country and settle in the United States. He abandoned for- tune and all prospects of preferment and came over with his wife asa poor man. He laid aside all his titular and aristocratic honors and was known among his neighbors as plain Mr. Jenison.
This was the gentleman whom I was going to visit. I was quite a young man and wanted tosee and learn. I had never seen a live noble- man. Since that time, I have seen many with more names than dollars, and more titles than shirts.
On arriving at the village where the baron lived, I did not at once go to his house. I was covered with Ohio dust and I went to a hotel and spent more time in making my toilet than I had done for months. I thought my appearance should correspond to the occasion. The boot black said that if he rubbed another hour at my boots, they would be as thin as paper, and the chambermaid impudently asked me ‘‘whether I intended to wash my own shirt?”. ‘‘Is soap scarce here?’’ I rejoined. ‘-No Sir, but it will be if you stay here long” was the little minx’s an— swer, as she bolted like lightning out of the room, just in time to escape a blow from my slippers which I hurled at her head.
After smoothing down every hair and adjusting my cravat very neatly, much to its astonishment, I ordered a coach and two, There was no such vehicle in the village. I was told that I must walk. Walk! toa nobleman’s mansion? ‘That was vulgar but I had to do it:
I went. The house was pointed out. It was not a palace, not even a splendid mansion; it was an ordinary house, very ordinary indeed. It was located on the muddy tow path of a canal; it was constructed of un- painted boards; pigs, fowls and dogs were enjoying themselves around unmolested. I thought my guide had made a mistake. My fancy had portrayed something different: I had thought of columned porticoes, massive gateways, a porter’s lodge: and _ liveried servants. My courage began to rise, for verdant as I was, I was intimidated at the idea of en- countering a learned nobleman in his stately mansion, but if his resi- dence is so unpretending, thought I, his manners must correspond. | knocked. A plain, farmer-like man in shirt sleeves, stubby red beard, coarse straw hat, shoes innocent of the stain of blacking and vest and pants that had seen long and severe service, appeared.
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I inquired in English: “Is Mr. Jenison at home?”
“Yes Sir, walk in’ was the reply in strong German accent.
‘Please deliver this card”, said I.
“Tam Mr, Jenison, at your service, Sir!” he replied, straightening himself up with an air of dignity and polished refinement that bespoke the cultivated gentleman under this every day guise.
I was amazed and relieved. This then was the entomologist, Baron Jenison. I told him my errand in his native language and I was most cor- dially,, almost enthusiastically received. There was the genuine German gush in his manner and in less than ten minutes, though he was twenty years older than I, we were on most familiar terms. We began at once and although it was before noon, I will not say how late it was at night, or rather how early next morning, before we parted.
It was indeed a glorious day. He of course, showed me all his collections in almost every department of Zoology, and presented me with some of his unequalled entomological drawings. He treated me most hospitably and regaled me with everything his own larder and a neighboring caterer could furnish. He displayed extensive reading and personal observation on various branches of Natural History and entertained me most instructively from his exhaustless stores of informa- tion. I humbly sat at the feet of this Gamaliel of science and hung upon his rich discourse with rapture. I started questions and suggested diffi- culties just to draw him out and he spoke like a book. He had met with no one for months who could speak with him on his favorite sub- ject and he seemed greatly delighted. You may imagine what an excit- ing day I spent. ‘The Baron was personally acquainted with many of the most distinguished naturalists of Europe and related many interest- ing anecdotes concerning them, He made me tell all I knew about our American entomologists of that day, when the brotherhood was yet small.
Long shall the events of that day be remembered by me. It was an intellectual feast rarely enjoyed. ‘The final adieu long after midnight was impressive. I tore myself away bearing many specimens of the generous Baron’s duplicate beetles and the profoundest respect for a truly accomplished gentleman and naturalist.
Baltimore, Febry. 1885.
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Synonymical Notes. By Grorce H. Horn, M. D.
There have remained for a long time in our lists species described by Edward Newman which have for various reasons escaped _identifica- tion. Several of these are Cerambycidze which immediately obtruded themselves during a recent re-arrangement of my cabinet. Having satis- factorily determined those not previously settled it appeared to me proper to bring together in one list all of Newman's Cerambycide. These have been described either in the ‘‘Entomologist” bearing date 1840-2, or in the “Entomological Magazine” Vol. V, bearing date 1838, In the annex- ed list I have arranged the genera alphabetically, for easy reference, and opposite each of Newman’s names the equivalent as now recognized. Those names opposite which no other occurs are still used.
In addition to the Cerambycidze, Newman has described a large number of species in other groups: these are also brought together and similarly treated.
In conclusion will be found a number of notes referred to from the list by numbers in parenthesis.
By the method of treatment here adopted, priority is established, and the excuse of ‘‘long continued use” can not prevail in rejecting an old name for a new one.
CERAMBYCIDAE DESCRIBED BY EDW. NEWMAN, WITH THEIR SYNONOMY,
Callidium zreum Ent. Mag. V. 393.
oe antennatum ed. se cylindrides ed. 394 = Smodicum cucujiforme Say. Chion rusticus Ent. 23 = Chion cinctus Drury.
Clytus humeralis Ent. Mag. V, 394 = Neoclytus scutellaris Oliv. Curius dentatus Ent, 17.
** scambus Ent. 79 = Plectromerus dentipes Oliv. Encyclops pallipes Ent. Mag. 392 = Encyclops ccerulea Say. Elaphidion deflendum Ent. 6 = Stenosphenus notatus Oliv.
es sobrium Ent. 30 = Bs sobrius (1) mucronatum Ent. 27 = Elaphidion mucronatum Fabr, se incertum Ent. 28. parallelum Ent. 29. arctum Ent. 29 = E. parallelum Newm. inerme Ent. 29. pumilum Ent. 29.
Glaphyra semiusta Ent, 19 = Molorchus bimaculatus Say (2). Heterachthes ebenus Ent. 9.
Age
Leptura badia Ent. 69 = Typocerus badius Newm. ‘© nobilis Ent. 69 = ss velutinus Oliv. ‘-) Sinvata: Ent. 70: — sinuatus Newm. PS eenalnicera ent 7O.—— ae . zebratus Fab.
bifaris Ent. 70. ** — mutabilis Ent. 71. capitata Ent. 71.
‘© directa Ent. 71 = Acmezeops directa Nm.
“ . indirecta Ent. 71 = Leptura lineola Say.
‘© interrupta Ent. 72 = ‘* subhamata Rand.
Seeeesuichcan n/n 172 — ** octonatata Say.
e vibex Ent. 72 (8).
** allecta Ent. 72 = Leptura spheericollis Say (4). paupercula Ent. 72 = ‘ ¥
oe exiguas Ent). 73) (6):
‘*; heematites Ent. 73.
‘© nana Ent. 73 == Leptura exigua Nm. Methia pusilla Ent. 18. Obrium rubrum Ent. Mag. V, 395.
Oeme indecora Ent. 8 = Oeme rigida Say. Pachyta Ione Ent. 30 = Gaurotes cyanipennis Say.
Phyton limum Ent. 18 = Phyton pallidum Say. Saperda cretata Ent. Mag. V, 396.
** cana Ent. 12 = Stenostola pergrata Say. Be flammata Ent. 13 = Amphionycha flammata Nm, Spalacopsis stolata Ent, 305 (6). ce suffusa Ent. 305. Strangalia famelica Ent. 68, e emaciata Ent. 68 = Strangalia acuminata Oliy. ee strigosa Ent. 69. Yoxotus dives Ent. 68 = Toxotus cylindricollis Say.
Ee rugipennis Zoologist Vol. 2, p. 476 (14).
The following other than Cerambycide are described in the Ento- mologist. Lebia russata p. 31 = Pinacodera platicollis Say. Plochionus amandus p. 32. Hispa Bacchus p, 76 = Odontota bicolor Oliv. ‘* Ariadne p. 77 = Charistena Ariadne Nm. *¢ Erebus p. 77 = Microrhopala Erebus Nm. See tOnp 7c ee excavata Oliy. Pee Hecatesp.. 77) — a cyanea Say. Cryptocephalus binominis p. 78 (7). ‘y quadriforis p. 78 (8). quadruplex p. 78. lateritius p. 78.
sparsus p. 79 (§8)-
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Species described in Entomological Magazine, Vol. V, 1838.
TYrichius bistriga p. 170 == Trichius affinis Gory.
Penthe funerea p. 374 == Penthe pimelia Fab.’ Pogonocerus concolor p. 375 == Dendroides concolor Nm. as bicolor p. 375 == Dendroides canadensis Latr.
Pedilus fulvipes p. 375 == Corphyra fulvipes Nm.
Se UNthOrax. py S7i5——an os collaris Say.
Sa kauSh pp! 37.5) — ‘ lugubris Say.
ee CULE ae p33 75) — *« terminalis Say.
SeucUbTIS p13 75) — s Newmani Lec,
Myodes stylopides p. 376 == Myodites stylopides Nm. Emmesa connectens p. 376. Hypulus simulator p. 376. Cephaloon lepturides p. 377. Macratria linearis p. 377 == Macratria murina Fab. Ischnomera carmata p. 378 = Asclera ruficollis Say. Synchroa punctata p. 378. Bolitophagus silphides p. 378 == Nosodes scabra Thunb. cs tetraopes p. 378 = Boletophagus depressus Rand. Hydnocera serrata p. 380 = Hydnocera pallipennis Say. Opilus castaneus p. 380 = Priocera castanea Nm. Degrapha typica p. 380 = Calopteron reticulatum Fab. ce discrepans p. 381 = ‘ “ oe dorsalis p. 381 = «¢ _ terminale Say. ts divisa p. 381 a a Cenia scapularis p. 381 = Czenia dimidiata Fab.
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Eros preefectus p. 382 = Eros thoracicus Rand. Roe LIGLOW (pe 302: «* alatus p. 382 = Plateros canaliculatis Say. ‘¢ oblitus p. 382 = Eros sculptilis Say. Polaclasis ovata, p. 383 = Polyclasis bifaria Say. Rhipicera proserpina p. 383 Sandalus petrophya Knoch. Onichodon orchesides p. 384 = Fornax orchesides Nm. Necrophorus bicolon p. 385 = Necrophorus pustulatus Hersch. Feronia atrata p. 386 = Pterostichus permundus Say. ** — orbata p. 386 = Evarthrus orbatus Nm. ** spoliata p. 386 = Evarthrus spoliatus Nm. ** coracina p, 386 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm. ** monedula p. 386 = Pterostichus coracinus? Nm. ‘* Jachrymosa p. 387 = Pterostichus lachrymosus Nm. ** moerens p. 387 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm. ‘* picipes p. 377 (9)- ‘© relicta p. 387 = Pterostichus relictus Nm. ** _ interfector p. 387 = Pterostichus adoxus Say. «« rostrata p. 387 = Pterostichus rostratus Nim. Amphasia fulvicollis p. 388 = Amphasia interstitialis Say. Phymaphora pulchella p. 389.
=
Languria gracilis p. 390. Hispa Xerene p. 390 = Microrhopala Xerene Nm. ‘© Philemon p. 390 = Odontota nervosa Panz. 6) Baucis p. 390 = se s Donacia cincticornis p. 391 (10)- RP cataractz p. 391 (11). fs rugifrons p. 391 (11). Orsodachna costata p. 391 (12). as ruficollis p. 391.
se inconstans p. 392. Chleenius fulgiceps p. 490 = Chleenius pensylvanicus Say. Ae augustus p. 490.
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS.
Anchomenus picticornis Zoologist, 11, p. 414 == Platynus picticornis Nm. Hydnocera rufipes Charlesw. Mag. LV, p. 362 (13). x cegra id, p- 364. ac curtipennis id. p. 364 = Hydnocera rusticalis Say. Rhysodes aratus Charlesw. Mag. 1838, p. 664 = Rhysodes exaratus Serv. ae sculptilis id. p- 666 = Clinidium sculptile Nm. Cryptocephalus bivius id. 1840, p. 249. ne larvatus id. p- 250 = Griburius larvatus Nm. cf Jautus id. = Cryptocephalus guttulatus Oliv. ts limbatus id. == Pachybrachys limbatus Nm. a mammifer id. & geminatus id. == Cryptocephalus lituratus Fab. oe lixus id. = ?Cryptocephalus trivittatus Oliv. cs luteolus id. unknown. NOTES:
1.—Stenosphenus sobrius Nm,, does not occur within our faunal limits It is abundant in Mexico.
2.—Glaphyra semiusta Nm, is that variety of AL bimaculatus Say, with the greater portion of the surface rufo-testaceous,
3.——Subsequently described by me as LZ. nitidicollis.
4.—Leplura allecta Nm., is that form of sphaericollis with red thorax, paupercula with black thorax.
5.—Synonymous with this species is Z. suucra Lec, L. exigua Nm. is recognized as variable. ‘The typical form is black, the basal joint of antennz and front legs pale; Z. mana has the mouth pale, also the front legs and the bases of the middle and hind femora; Z. saucia Lec., has the legs similar to zava, the thorax yellow with a large discoidal black spot; sometimes the angles only are yellow. In my cabinet is a specimen similar to mana with the head rufo- testaceous.
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L. subirgentata Kby. Under this name I propose to include several forms which have been separated on color variation. ‘These are ruficeps Lec., simlis Kby., and rholopus Lec. The differences between these forms are given by Dr. Leconte (New Species, 1873, p. 217) the last name2J, accidentally omitted, being very like the normal sudargentifa except that the legs are all rufo-testaceous.
6. —It is probable that these are merely sexes of one, sfola¢z being the male, suffusa the female.
7.—This is, without much doubt, that called by the later name asf wnctus Hald.
8.—These two have not been certainly identified.
g.—‘‘The type of /. prcxpes Nm , in the British Museum belongs to this (séy.gicus Say) species, but the description does not agree and seems to refer rather to P. sudmarginatus.” Leconte. In either case the name is a synonym and should be dropped.
10.—This is the species known by the more recent name of /ucrda Lac.
11.—These two seem to he forms of the variable cupruea Kby.
12.—After an examination ofa large series of Orsodachne from all parts of our country I can see no reason why they should not be considered as one species. There is even greater variation in color than the names now known will cover, The published names in the order _ of date are as follows:
0, ATRA Ahrens, Neue Schr. Ges. Halle, 1811, 1, p. 46. vittata Say, Journ. Acad. iii, 1823, p. 430. armeniacee Germ., Ins. spec. nov, 1824. p. 526. hepatica Say, Journ. Acad. V, 1827, p. 281. Childreni Kby., Faun, Bor. Am. 1837, IV, p. 221, pl. 7, fig. 6. tibialis Kby., id. id. inconstans Nm. Ent. Mag. V, 1838, p. 392. coslata Nm., ruficollis Nm., id. p. 391. trivittata Lac., Mon. Phytop. 1845, i, p. 71. luctuosa Lac, id. Deas: tricolor Mels., Proc. Acad. 1840, p. 160.
From this it seems that our species has quite as much synonymy as has been admitted for the two principal European species. 13.—Aydnocera rufipes has been placed as a variety of humeralis Say, but incorrectly, it is a much paler blue than that, the legs entirely pale rufo-testaceous and the elytra are densely and finely punctured.
14.—This species has since been re-described by Dr. Leconte (New Species, 1873, p. 207) as Pachyla rugipennis, he being apparently unaware of Newman’s previous description.
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On the classification of North American Diptera. (Second paper.)* By Dr. S. W. WILLIsTon.
The limits of the two following families, as here given, are narrower than those now accepted by Osten-Sacken, whose authority in dipteroloyi- cal matters I need not say is among the very highest. For convenience sake, however, I exclude certain disputed genera, to be discussed else- where, thus rendering the forms given in this paper more certainly re- cognizable. In this, as in the following papers, I introduce genera from Mexico and the West Indies, wherever I can do so with clearness; such will be printed in italics. Genera unknown to me will be preceded by an ‘asterisk.
TANYSTOMA.
Tarsi with three membranous pads at the tip (the empodium deve- loped pulvilliform); body and legs wholly without macrocheetee (dipfera eremocheta Osten-Sacken); eyes of male holoptic (Osten-Sacken), rarely narrowly seperated; two sub-marginal, five posterior cells in the wing, fifth posterior cell not contiguous at its base with the discal cell; the mar- ginal vein encompasses the whole wing; some or all the tibize with spurs.
TABANID&.
Proboscis of the male with four, of the female with six bristles; third joint of the antennae annulate, never with differentiated style or bristle; tegu- lae rather large. |
Species never very small, often among the largest in the order; never thickly pilose; in life the eyes usually brilliantly colored and marked. Head short, broad, eyes large. Antennz porrect, the third joint com- posed of from three to eight annuli or segments. Thorax not very convex, scutellum without spines on its border. Abdomen broad, moderately elongate or short, never slender or contracted. Legs moder- ately stout, the front and middle tibia sometimes dilated, the middle tibiae always with spurs. Veins of the wings distinct; first posterior cell (and fourth in exotic species) rarely closed.
Early stages passed in the water or earth; larvae carnivorous; with a distinct head; pupze free. The females are blood-sucking, usually found in the neighborhood of pastures, in sunny open parts of woods, during the hot sun-shiny days of summer. ‘The males are much more rarely met with, and will be found usually in sweepings of meadow lands, on flowers, etc.
* The first paper of the series is in Bull. B’kl. Ent. Soc. VII, p. 129.
ST
1.—Hind tibize with spurs at their tips (sometimes small). (Pungoninw.).......... 2 Hind tibize without spurs; ocelli absent. (Tabanine.) 004.0 beh ede ba cg 5 2,—Third joint of the antenne composed of eight annuli, the first of which is only a littievlon cer thamsthe followlne Ones namin reticle leralele ilies = ciety eeeerarae tee 3
Third joint composed of five or fewer segments, the first of which is much longer thansthertollowingstOcelligpresent”. .1: emumesteery ss) tat pace \ererie ps eet ee 4
3.—Front of female narrow, without denuded callus; ocelli rarely absent.. Pangonia. Front of female broad, with a large, broad, denuded callus; ocelli present...... Apatolestes, v. n,
4.—Second joint of the antennze about halfas long as the first; wings hyaline or with
small spots; eyes in life with numerous small dots................. Silvius. Second joint as long, or but little shorter than the first; wings with a dark pic ure; Syesunilitemwithitewer lance spots: QMMeNertetersier specter (tater tele Chrysops. 5.--Front of the female as broad as long; callus transverse; front tibiz a little dilated; base of third antennal joint not dilated............. Hematopota. HrOntoliemale marrow sree an |) +> seen Peeks shee sted tual stenns oe Oe RIO eCerS 6 6.—Front tibiz very much dilated; third antennal joint not strongly angulated above SAKA. . Lepidoselaga. Bront tibice moderately dilated: face ShorGay eto... ve ls ee le ae Diachlorus. MOM teri ceem oO LaClated. Beare eyes e ats tn: «.'s « 2 SRMRMR ERC LoVe. .ous (josie faften Sung tvs ustst ay oy eR rf 7.—A small ocelligerous tubercle present in the female; eyes pubescent, more dist- AM GULYANMAH CRNA Comp w tere abt i. 5, «fe temnepener are ork eisyo eet aot Therioplectes. Ocellsaerousitubercleabsent;) eyes pubescemts ye saces. 4.2 toe a ele Atylotus. Weellicerots te vercle absents| eves) Dare fuser wera. t = pre eves eas Tabanus. LEPTIDZ.
Third joint of antenne simple; with a simple, or thickened styliform, bristle, tegule rudimentary.
Rather small to rather large species; thinly pilose, with short thorax, elongate abdomen and large wings. Head short, eyes of male contiguous or approximate; ocelli present. Antennze mostly short, never elongate, the third joint with a terminal or dorsal bristle, or terminal slender style, Face small, excavated. Proboscis short; palpi slender, porrect, often bushy pilose. Abdomen elongate, broadest toward the base, composed of seven segments; the female ovipositor pointed. Legs slender, the hind pair somewhat elongate; some or all the tibiae spurred. Posterior cells of wings all open,
Larvee carnivorous, living in earth, decaying wood, dry sand, in moss or in water. The flies are usually found about meadow and low woodlands, on bushes, etc., and prey upon other insects. Some western species of Symphoromyia, according to Osten-Sacken, suck blood, as do the horse-flies.
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1.—Front tibize with terminal spurs; face without swelling in the middle (Dialysis
Walk: teste Osten-Sacken) ~:.;.gtgterac Orn a bacioaeicietaemie tres Triptotricha.
Hront itibiedestituteiof terminal’ spurstaeg 1b aesieiieanc vi ey elem 2 2.—Third joint of antennz, round, oval, or pear-shaped, the bristle distinctly Fermin al een cig Sie oki cce hs kre nee Roe OM ronets oI aetna ere cas er eee one 3
Mody omt kidney-shaped, arista monerdonsaleecdsc ne oieet eerie tiereetis siete erate 5 Pee Al CON OPEN 5 or tege wpe i kceme ss = sve RRO Aaa ol aot es cate sie egos ys ....Leptis. Anal cell closed......... Shiai = wis ES aya PN MRSS ARS Cees co Meta DAA Ce ae Teo aa 4.—1 hird joint of antennee with a slender arcuate bristle............... Chrysopile. Mhird jointewith a‘shorter, Slender stylete ots veee' at ant *Spania.*Ptiolina.
Ge AIRCEIL PEM ic. hclsjnaiee e's + i> «oe Re atrat ee aS 2H sates Symphoromyia. PATA CELI CLOSEU A Grae eae aia es > = +e RRB tales teehee iareler ara fave tepe neers vate he Atherix.
Apatolestes, n. g. Q. Head broad; eyes bare, elliptical, angulated above. Front broad, its least width (at the vertex) about a third of the length, below with a large, transverse, denuded callus. Ocelli distinct. Antenne situated below the middle of the head in pro- file, short, small, first joint thickened, but little longer than broad; _sec- ond joint very short, simple; third joint twice as long as the first two together, only a little thickened at the base, cylindrical, composed of eight annuli, the first only a little longer than the following ones. — Pro- boscis short, scarcely extending beyond the tip of the palpi, the second joint of the latter moderately taickened. Abdomen a little wider than the thorax, the sides nearly parallel to the tip of the fourth segment. Legs simple, the front tibia very slightly dilated, hind tibiae with spurs. All the posterior cells open; anterior branch of third vein with a stump
near its origin.
Apatolestes comastes, n. sp. Q. Black, thickly bluish gray pollinose. Front shining black; face whitish gray; palpi light yellow; wings with stigmatic spot and brownish spots on the cross veins; tibize brownish yellow. Length 11 mm., of wings g mm.
Front shining black, on each side of the ocelli faintly brownish pollinose, below the callus, the first two antennal joints, and on the face densely nearly white pollinose; third antennal joint black. Thorax nearly uniformly clothed with bluish gray pollen, thicker on the pleurze; on the dorsum with sparse white pubescence, the pleuree with moderately abundant white pile; dorsum with three slender whitish stripes. Abdomen opaque brownish black, the first segment and the posterior margins of the following segments grayish and clothed with sparse white hairs. Legs black, the tibize brownish yellow; front tarsi blackish, middle and hind pairs brown. Wings lightly infuscated, the stigma and narrow clouds on the cross-veins brownish.
Two specimens. California. This specits in size and general ap- pearance resembles Zaéanus pumilus Macq.
Gen. nov. A female specimen ofa species, yet unnamed, from Florida,
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may belong to a new genus. The species is the smallest with which I am acguainted in the family, measuring only 6 mm, and has the appearance ofa small Tabanus. The hind tibize have minute spurs. The head is that of Tabanus (sensu strict.), except that there is no callus, the front is rather broader, and the antennz have only two very small terminal annuli of the third joint, the basal segment of which is large, only a little longer than broad, gently convex below and obtusely angulated in the middle above. The body is light yellowish brown, thickly pollinose, the wings hyaline with a brownish stigmatic spot. The eyes in life apparently had the upper half green and the lower purple.
Noctuids common to Europe and North America.
By Joun B. Situ.
In the ‘‘Verh. k. k. zool. bot. Gesellschaft in Wien” 1874, pp. 273 to 319, is a paper on the above subject, by Mr. H. B. Meeschler, than whom perhaps no one has a better collection of Insects from boreal america. From Labrador especially he seems to have sources of supply not open to the majority of collectors, and not a few of the species de- scribed by him are unknown to the American student. To the courtesy of Mr. Meeschler, who at the request of Mr. A. W. P. Cramer sent me for study a small lot of northern species, and among them his types, I am in a position not only to speak intelligently as to his species; but also to correct some errors which have crept into his article. As the heading to this article implies, I speak of the Noctuids alone, and more particularly of the species of Agro/is.
Agrotis augur Fab. = haruspica Grt. Mr. Meeschler refers approy- ingly to Speyer’s note on this species. Speyer calls them varieties, nam- ing the american form grandis. Grote had previously named the species haruspica and retains the name as referring to a distinct species, and in my opinion correctly. Augur is uniformly smaller and with very dist- inct maculation, and is distinguishable at a glance from its European ally. Not that alone would afford reason for their distinctness; but the fore tibize are much more heavily spinulated in the American form, and the genital organs of the Gj are obviously different. In Aurwspica the side piece is wider at the middle, and narrows rather abruptly to an ob- tuse tip. The clasper is short, stout, with an abrupt curve forming one quarter ofa circle. In augur on the contrary the side piece is much
-—14— :
longer, tapering regularly and evenly from base to tip: the clasper is much longer, more slender, gracefully curved, and terminating in a hook curved into a semi-circle. These characters are constant and reliable, and indicate a good species, however closely related. The western form verre differs from haruspica less than that species does from augur, and is yet a fairly good species.
é Agrotts sincera H. 5. This species [{ have not been able to compare
with European material, but doubt its identity. +) : { rasta : ; , . Agrotts Wocket Moeschl. ‘This species has been hitherto unidenti-
fied by American Lepidopterists, and is said, fide Staudinger, ‘to occur also in Central Asia. Comparisons of types prove that scropu/ana Morr. isa later name for Wocker, and not for carnea, as Mr. Grote puts it: Okakensis Pack, is suspected by Mr. Meeschler as identical with either Carnea or Wocket, but without reason: it has bipectinate antenne, while those of Wocker are simple. 1 may be permitted to doubt the identity of
the Central Asia specimen with our American form. ! ! Agrotis festiva var. conflua. Mceschler speaks of a Q recently receiv-
ed, and in his Jot is a specimen marked var, conflua: but which is cer- tainly not that species. I have conflua and /esfiva, and compared with them, this species differs in having a protuberant, roughened clypeus, very heavily armed fore tibia, and entirely different genitalia. I have named the species so/#/arta, and feel certain that Mr. Mceschler has al- lowed a superficial resemblance to mislead him.
Agrotis simplonia Hb, G. Mr. Meeschler mentions two specimens, and especialiy a <j‘ which is distinguished by a rusty spot before the reni- form: this identical specimen is now before me, and is certainly nothing more nor less than a large §‘ of Mr. Meeschler’s own species, dzssona which is also in the same lot. Compared with alpine szmplonia which | have at hand the differences are so radical and obvious, that it is really a mystery how Mr. Meeschler could overlook them, Szmplonza need not yet be added to our faunal lists.
Agrotis Islandica, This Mr. Meeschler claims is found in Labrador; but not like the type form. Two specimens, one from Iceland, and one marked var. Laéradorensis are in Mr. Meeschler’s lot. This variety is certainly the opzpara of Mr. Morrison, and in my opinion fully distinct from the type Islandica. I have seen numerous specimens of ofipara which showed very little variation, and decline to believe that it is a vari- ation of /sdandica, which 1s closely allied to sexasilis or obeliscoides. I would much rather believe it a form of ochrogas/er Gn., which varies enormously.
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Agrotis segetum = texana Git, This reference is doubtfully ae fide Grote in his list of 1875, and /exvana is not known to Mr. Meeschler in nature. I have seen both sexes of sege¢um as well as /exana and find them totally different. Mr, Grote’s reference was probably made on the faith of erroneous information as to the European species. I do not believe that segefwm occurs in our fauna.
There are eleven other species of Agr otis cited as common to both continents—viz: Chardinyt, baja, speciosa, C. nigrum, ple ta, Senna, ravi, saucta, ypsiton, prasina, and occulta, and as to those I believe him correct, though all the references had been previously made.
At some future date I shall have some criticisms to make of others of Mr. Meeschler’s original references. I would here simply call] atten~ tion to the fact that all is not done when it has been determined» that there are no constant differences in color and maculation between species on both sides of the Atlantic. All those forms which are at home in North America are presumably distinct, and only the most careful com- parisons of structure should determine whether the species are really alike. A certain amount of exception to this applies in the case of the circumpolar fauna, and of species which extend far northwardly. ‘The great similarity of surroundings, and the extreme probability that at some time a connection existed between the circumpolar countries, gives countenance to the idea that the fauna is largely identical, and to this opinion I am led by what I have thus far seen of that fauna.
As to Mr. Mceschler’s paper asa whole, it bears evidence that the author is a firm believer in the identity of a large percentage of the Lepi- doptera found in Europe and North America, and his comparisons are all made with a view to prove identity. ‘Too much importance is placed on color and maculation, and not enough on structure. Mr. Meeschler’s references, where they are original, must be carefully verified before they are accepted.
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Eyes of Insects.
In No. 2 of the Journal onthe, Naw Microscopical Society, is an article on ‘‘compound eyes and multiple images”, interesting as well to the Entomologist as to the Microscopist. There is considerable infor- mation about the general structure, and especially interesting are the notes on the differences of size in the facets of some Zabanide, and the probable difference of function. Mr. Williston’s paper on Syrphid@ shows that this difference in size of facets occurs also in that family, and also that it has some generic value, J. B.S.
6
Water Beetles.
Looking over several collections of Water Beetles recently, I was surprised to see how poorly they are usually represented. Mr, Roberts and myself last season took numerous species, most of them in large numbers, out ofa single pond, and in fact a very limited tract of that pond; and that in mid-summer. April and May are the best months to collect those insects, and any moderate sized pool in which there is some vegetation is sure to yield an abundant harvest. A stout net ring is re- quired, the bag to be of coarse cheese cloth, and the vegetation should be swept nearly to the bottom: not once only, but halfa dozen times, Ina single haul over a hundred specimens, representing ten or a dozen species have been taken. Rather sluggish ditches in meadows form ex- cellent collecting grounds. Bite:
Oviposition in Agrion.
Mr. McLachlan has noticed Agrion mercuriale, (“a very local British species”) with a part or the whole of the abdomen incrusted with mud, caused by its sinking its eggs in the mud left from the dried up pools. He is not aware that this species descends beneath the surface of the water. (Ent. Mo. Mag. Vol. XXI, p. 211.) Remembering the same thing, on referring to my collection, I find a few females of our common Agrion cwvile with mud ona part of the abdomen, The egg laying habit of this species is to sink about the last four segments beneath the water, generally on grass. I know only one species of North American Agrion to descend beneath the surface of the water, viz: our common A. exu/ans. I have noticed it a foot or more beneath the surface, fastening its eggs to the stems of water grass, and remaining submerged a long time during the operation. When a stick is thrust near it, or a slight commotion caused that will shake the grass stalk, it will let go, rise quickly to the surface and as quickly take wing.
ACAD. NAT. SCI, PHILA, S. FRANK AARON.
In June 1870 | took about sixty cocoons of Samia Cynthia to New- burgh, N. Y., and there freed them. In August 1884 I found on Eagle Cliff, Lake Mohawk, some distance west of Newburgh, several cocoons of S. cynthia on Sassafras. These were evidently the descendants of those I had freed in 1870. Avlanthus is not found on Eagle Cliff, and the species has evidently adopted the food plant of its near ally, promethea.
Cuas. A. A, DiiRine.
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New Bombycidae from Colorado.
By Henry Epwarps.
Notodonta notaria, n. sp.
Primaries mouse-color, with the nervures, three apical streaks, and a dentate, marginal line, brown. At the base, from near costa to near internal margin is a clear and very distinct white streak, Secondaries sordid white, with brownish dentate marginal line, and a large brownish blotch at anal angle, enclosing a whitish sublunate mark. Thorax concolorous with primaries. Abdomen yellowish brown at base, whitish toward the tip. Antennee dull fawn—color. Underside of primaries sordid white, clouded with brownish, of secondaries sordid white, margins only brownish.
Exp. wings 50 mm. Length of body 24 mm. Colorado (D. Bruce.) 5 specimens (j Q.
A very fine insect, undoubtedly belonging to the European genus, and in its general aspect recalling NV, ¢remula, S. V., and . dorva, L.
Janassa lignicolor, var. Coloradensis, n. var.
This is probably a new species, but for the present I prefer to regard it as a variety only. The primaries are however much less produced than in /. “ignicolor and the tint is grey, with little or no wood-brown shade. The coloring is more diffusely disposed over the wing surface, giving an indistinctness to the markings, and there isa great difference in the general appearance, difficult to define in words, The anal cloud on the secondaries is decidedly smaller, while the whole insect has a shorter and stouter appearance.
Several examples. GQ. Denver, Colorado (D. Bruce), Salt Lake (Hy. Edwards).
Icthyura Brucei, n. sp.
Ground color of primaries sordid white, with the lines and marks, rich brown. A basal and sub-basal line, the former whitish, edged with brown, and dentate in the middle, the latter almost straight. Behind the middle is a broad brown shade, through which from costa to internal angle runs a clear white line, which on costa is broadly produced into the distinct white mark usual in the genus. between this and the margin a row of seven brown spots in the middle of which is a brownish cloud resting on posterior margin, which with the fringe is brownish, Secondaries wholly mouse— color, Thorax sordid white at the sides, the centre broadly brown. Abdomen dull sordid white. Antennze and palpi brown, the shaft of the former whitish. Underside, mouse -color, with darker bent median band common to both wings, and the white costal mark on primaries indicated by a pale dash.
Exp. wings 30 mm. Length of body 12 mm. Colorado, 1 ©.
A very characteristic and distinct species which I dedicate with great pleasure to my good friend, Mr. David Bruce, its discoverer. It differs exceedingly from any form previously known to me.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANS 3
=o
The breeding habits of some of our Dragonflies. By Wm. T. Davis.
In the March number of the American Naturalist, Mr. F. E. Todd gives an interesting account of the breeding habits of some Dakota dragonflies. A species closely resembling Lestes unguiculafa was ob- served by him crawling down the stems of plants to a depth of several feet in a clear pool.
I myself have observed various species of “mallet-headed” dragon- flies under water, clinging to plant stems, and once—but only once——I saw a female Aeschna go below the surface of a slow flowing spring. It was on the 21st of October and about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when I observed this dragonfly partly immersed, but it soon crawled further down the stick until it was entirely under water and near the bottom of the pool which was quite shallow, ‘This insect I have before me now and I take it to be Aeschna verticalis, Hagen. It isa bedraggled speci- men and probably was near the end of its days even if had not so un- kindly terminated them.
Some of the species of Aeschna seem partial to running water and I have noticed many flying up and down a brook in the fall, but have never noticed the same insects about the ponds in the vicinity. It is probable, however, that only a few of the large headed dragonflies go below the surface to lay their eggs, as we often see them dipping their abdomens as they fly close to the water.
Mr. Uhler says: ‘‘Zebed/ula auripennis I have often seen laying eggs and I think I was not deceived in my observation that she dropped a bunch of eggs into the open ditch while balancing herself just a little way above the surface of the water.”
a Ss
Are Curculio Larvae Lignivorous? Dear Sir:
Mr. Knaus, in the last Bulletin, p. 150, seems rather to enquire whether curculio larvae live upon dead or decaying wood, than to quest- ion their feeding upon the woody tissues of living plants. So far as my experience goes, it seems beyond doubt that, in addition to such genera as Hylobius and Pissodes which infest living plants, there are species which breed in dead wood. I have observed Magdalis barbita oviposit- ing in fallen hickory (Carya amara) and have taken larve, pupae, and
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imagos of same species from trees that had evidently been felled more than one season. <Acopfus suturalis may also be found in dead stumps. In the following family Eupsalis minuia breeds frequently in old stumps and logs of maple, ete., while in the Calandrid@ | think there are un- doubtedly lignivorous species. Cossonus platalea has been found by me in large numbers under the the bark of a poplar which had been some years dead and was partly decayed, The beetles had evidently emerged from the wood, which was penetrated by numerous small holes. AAyn- colus and Stenoscelis of this family also apparently breed in dead wood, I have taken specimens of S. érevis both from old poplar and from maple stumps. Ottowa, March 11, 1885. W. Hacur Harrineoton.
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Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society, March 3d. Twenty-six members and visitors present, the President Mr. Cramer in the chair. The reports of the offi- cers for 1884 were read and approved. Mr. A. Sallé of Paris, France; Baron C. R. von Osten-Sacken, Heidelberg, Germany; and Dr. John G. Morris, Baltimore, Md., were on motion of Mr. J. B. Smith elected honorary members of the Society. Prof. C. V. Riley of Washington, D. C., was elected a life member. Mr. A. E. Brunn was nominated for membership by Mr. E. L. Gref, and Mr. W. H. Danby of Brooklyn, and Mr. Eugene M. Aaron of Philadelphia were no- minated for membership by Mr. John Bb. Smith.
On motion, the Secretary was instructed to offer to the Agassiz Association the aid of the Society in the way of determinations and in such other ways as might best further the ends of both Societies.
Mr. Smith introduced Dr. Horn of Philadelphia, honorary member of the Society, and Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, who had come on to attend the meeting of the Society. Dr. Williston was invited to sit as a corresponding member of the Society.
Mr. Smith described a monstrosity of a <j‘ Lucanus cervus, the left mandible of which was modified into an imperfect Q head.
Dr. Horn gave a short account of several monstrosities known to him, and stated that the Lamellicornia were especially rich in monstrosities. The antennz were very often the subject of abnormal variations. Frequently there would be an unequal number of joints in specimens of the same species, or even in the same specimen. The Carabidae stood next in the order of frequency. This led him to speak of variations of color and sculpture, and their value in systematic work. The sexual organs of the <j‘ are among the most absolutely invariable structures, and are the most reliable in the separation of species among the Sta- philinide. Mr. Smith gave it as the result of his studies in the Noctuide that the genitalia of the <j afforded the best possible specific characters. In the species of Mamestra especially, every species nearly has a very distinct and peculiar structure. Identity of type always indicates close relationship, while identity of form in his experience, proves specific identity, no matter how much maculation
9 ee
or color may differ. The variations of M. olivacea were alluded to, and though he had separated two species on apparently excellent characters of maculation, yet he fully expected that they would ultimately prove varieties or races of the same species.
Dr. Williston stated that the result of his studies in Diptera had led him to hold views in accordance with those of Dr. Horn. He had been much inter- ested in the results, recently published, reached by Dr. Horn and Mr. Smith in reference to the value of sexual characters. In the Diptera the range of color variation was very wide. Specimens, of the same species in his cabinet ranged from clear yellow to deep black. They were undoubtedly the same species be- cause he had every intergrade in his series; yet some writers would be apt to make four of five distinct species out of them. Species should be very cautiously described on color characters alone, no matter how well marked they appeared to be. The time for indiscriminate description had passed, and comparative Entomology must now be specially studied.
Dr. Horn then spoke as to genera. The variation of species was almost univer- sally admitted, and by the theory of evolution was explained. But genera varied also—they so gradually intergraded that there were but very indistinct lines of de- marcation. However disinclined workers might be to affirm their belief in evoln- tion, all the best work done was wittingly or unwittingly based on it. Keeping that as a guide permanent arrangement of groups of genera and species can be made. An illustration was drawn from the Meloide in the highest type of which the claws were distinctly bifid, the parts equal, the upper portion pectinated. These varied gradually to the perfectly simple, single claw. by reasoning from the theory of evolution he sometime since predicted the occurrence of two turther genera that would fill gaps left in the series by the then known forms. One of these predicted genera has been since discovered. He confidently expected the occurence of the other. Mr. Smith spoke as to the generic divisions of the Lepi- doptera. The hairy eyed genera of the Noctuide especially afford an instance. Mamestra, Teeniocampa and Xylomiges though widely separated in the lists yet ran so close that it was next to impossible to draw a distinct line between them. Species occur which might with almost equal propriety be referred to either genus.
Mr. Hulst spoke on this subject. In bis opinion nature must be taken as we find it, and whatever our opinion on the theory of evolution, in practice it would be found that nature had certain gaps that could be utilized in systematic work. The chain was nowhere complete, and with the amount of material that falls to the lot of the ordinary collector no trouble is experienced. He alluded to the inconstancies of characters usec in separating families, in the (reometride. The venation, which forms the basis for the highest divisions in Lepidoptera, often in the Geometridé varies essentially in one and the same species.
The remainder of the evening was spent in informal discussion, during which Dr. Horn illustrated three varieties of <j found in Cryptobium. Nearly every species has these varieties, one of which, Dr. Horn calls a complete ¢j, another an incomplete <j, the third an imperfect ¢. A paper now in press will completely illustrate these forms.
The Treasurer reported the amount of the Publication fund $150 as fol- lows: Life membership fees from E, L. Gref, John B. Smith and Prof. ©. V. Riley, each $50 = $150.
pTONCLOGIC,» AMERICANA
BROOKLYN, MAY, 1885. NO. 2.
VOL. I. Classification of Hemiptera. By HERBERT OSBORN.
Authors are by no means agreed as to the exact limits of the order Hemiptera or rather as to the number of groups to be included in this varied order. Neither are they agreed as to the natural affinities or the relative rank of the groups and sub-groups they place in it.
Mr. P. R. Uhler, our best American Hemipterist includes in the group only the Heteroptera, Homoptera and Parasita, excluding the Mallophaga and the Thysanopiera; these latter groups have been includ- ed by many authorities and Mr. Packard still maintains on embryological grounds that they should be included.
This being the condition, and as many more observations both em- brvological and morphological seem necessary to definitely settle the question at issue, we are forced to content ourselves with systems more or less artificial.
In undertaking to present a synoptical arrangement of the group therefore, I shall not consider it in place to discuss these doubtful matters, but simply endeavor to present in condensed form what seems to me the most natural grouping, and that which will afford students the most ready means of arranging their collections.
I have followed most nearly the arrangement given by Mr. Uhler in his chapter on Hemiptera in the “Standard Natural History” but am in- debted also to the works of Westwood, Packard, and others. While I have verified all points possible, I have in many instances been obliged to rely upon various authorities, well aware that the discovery of new species must frequently modify the definition of the groups to which they naturally must be referred, and while finding occasion to introduce oc- casional characters in separating the families, based on observations of
oer eae
the material in my own hands, it would of course be useless and out of place to attempt to designate such portions, since originality can not be claimed for any such work, though the author may rightly be held re- sponsible for presenting the matter as a whole.
The arrangement given is in descending order, but it will be im- possible to follow this in the order of giving the generic synopses.
Including the Mulophaga and the Thysanoptera (Physapoda of Packard) we have no comprehensive definition of the group. Excluding these, we may say the Afemiplerx include those insects provided with a rostrum or beak formed from the labium and enclosing four ex- tensile setae which form a sucking tube, along with wings usually four in number which are either all membranous, or the fore ones partially or entirely coriaceous. (In Coccr/@ there are two in the males only, and in some other groups they are absent or rudimentary in one or both sexes.)
This group which we may call Hemiptera genuinz is clearly divided by the position of the head and the structure of the wings into two sub- orders, the He/eropiera and Homoptera.
A third sub-order, Purasifa, includes the suctorial lice infesting mammals, these apparently having about equal affinities for the two other sub-orders, but combining with neither in being wingless and the beak not jointed.
The other groups are at present most conveniently grouped here, and may be ranked also as sub-orders though structurally there can be little question that they must bear a more distinct relation to the Hemup- fera proper.
The Zhysanoplera (or Physapoda) are minute insects usually less than 2 millimeters in length; with four very narrow delicately fringed wings which lie flat on the back, with free palpigerous mouth parts, and tarsi without claws; the terminal joint being vesicular.
The MWallophaga are wingless parasitic insects living on birds or mammals, with free biting mouth parts, antennze of three to five joints and presenting some resemblance to the wingless Psocidz, and by some authors grouped with the Pseudo-Neuroptera,
It is intended to include in these synopses only the North American genera, and the tables must not be considered as applicable in a larger range. ‘The characters also, here mentioned are those of most import- ance as related to the groups to be here included.
Perhaps in no other order of insects is there such diversity of madi- fication in the several structural elements, and this diversity is accom- panied with extreme lack of constancy, so that the clear definition of groups is rendered difficult.
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The Jody varies in form from the most elongated and thread like to short or circular, from the thickest to forms so flattened that they may live in the narrowest crevices They are convex above and below, or flattened or concave above and convex below.
The head serves by its position to separate the two leading sub- orders but aside from this it is subject to most extreme modification, It is cylindrical, often elongate in Reduoiide and Nadie, decidedly flatten- ed in Coreide and allied families. In the Homoptera the front is very often produced, the most extreme modification of this part occuring in the Pulgoride.
The eyes are usually prominent organs, standing out at the sides of the head; they serve rather as land marks—by which to locate the other organs of the head—than as distinctive in themselves.
The oce//i are commonly present and by their absence or by their relation to the eyes serve to define some minor groups.
The antenne are never particularly elongated, usually composed of few joints and asa rule but slightly modified. They run from filiform in the lower Homoptera to setiform in Creda and allies: and are mostly filiform, with the terminal joints either slender or else slightly enlarged in the Aetvroptera. Ina few cases the joint next the last is much flatten- ed and broadened or otherwise modified. They are truly capitate only in the Lzothende.
The /abrum is usually very small, but occasionally with the clypeus furnishes good characters for separation of genera and species. The sete of the mouth vary greatly in length, but are of little value in determin- ing the relation of groups.
The Zaéium is an important structura] element. It forms the sheath for the sete, and is termed the beak or rostrum. It consists of three or four joints except in the Pedicu/idae where it is apparently devoid of arti- culation. By its origin at the front of the head indicating the horizontal position, or at the sternal border of the head indicating the vertical posi- tion, it serves to distinguish the Heferoplera and Homoptera and by its separation from or apparent union with the sternum it serves to divide the Homopfera into two minor groups. Furthermore the form of the basal joint and the comparative length of the joints are points of great value in determining relationships.
The ¢horax in its modifications corresponds in general with the habits of the groups, whether aquatic, terrestrial or aerial.
The prothorax is often minute and weak, again enormously deve-
loped and overshadowing all other parts as in Aembracidae. It is trans- versely sutured in Reduviidae.
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The mesothorax contains in the higher Homof/era and in nearly all Heteroptera, a we\l developed scutellum, situated between the bases of the fore wings - Its form and size assist in distinguishing some import- ant groups. The metathorax is often reduced in size, forming a thin plate between mesothorox and abdomen. The /egs vary in size and length and in the structure of the tarsi. A part or all of them are ciliated in most aquatic species: they are strong and spiny in most of the raptoria] groups: pulvilli are in some groups present between the claws of the tarsi. The zwemgs are quite characteristic. In Homoptera they are gener- ally membranous and veined, or the fore ones as in Cercopide and allies uniformly coriaceous. In the latter case they do not overlap at the tips but unite on the median line as the elytra of Coleoptera. In Heferoplera the fore wings are divisible into three parts: a basal thick portion, the corium; a transparent apical portion, the membrane, which is veined; and a portion bordering the scutellum, the clavus. In some groups, notably the PA) Zoconzdae there is a triangular part between the corium and membrane, the cuneus, They usually lie flat on the back, the membranous portions overlapping each other. ‘The hind wings present less differences in structure, in both groups; but their venation is often important in distinguishing minor groups.
The Parasita and Mallophaga as well as one sex in many of the other groups, and occasionally both sexes are wingless or have these or- gans represented by mere rudiments, In Zhysanoptera they are very deli- cate with a very broad and delicate fringe.
The aédomen presents many modifications of form, some of which are quite constant. It is quite commonly concave above for the recept- ion of the wings, but seldom so concave as not to be filled by the flatly folding wings. The spiracles are, except in Parasi/a, situated below the margin. ‘The margin is quite generally sharp and either horizontal or slightly elevated. ‘The genital organs are in some groups external and furnish valuable characters for separating groups, but more commonly they are hidden in both sexes so as to furnish little aid without dissect- _ion and frequently the distinction of the sexes is impossible by external characters. In the higher Homopf/era and ina few groups of the Heferop- tera the ovipositor of the female is received into a slit on the underside of the abdomen and serves to readily distinguish the sexes and affords useful characters in systematic arrangement.
The following analytical tables will assist in placing the various sub- groups, and also show the arrangement which seems to me at present most satisfactory.
In the synopses of families many groups are given that rank for
convenience, which by good authorities, and very properly I think, are given the rank of super-families. These groups will be discussed more particularly along with the characters of sub family and generic import- ance in the synoptical tables of genera, which it is intended shall follow this paper.
SYNOPSIS OF SUB-ORDERS.
A.—Labium forming a beak and enclosing setze. B.--Labium jointed, spiracles inferior, wings usually present. (.—Head horizontal, beak arising anteriorly, fore wings, coriaceous at base
Heteroptera.
CC. —Head vertical, beak arising postero-inferiorly. Wings uniformly membran-
OMS OWICOKACeOUS) eres. | » SMe std hava ter aber aeseaieeoe Homoptera.
BB.—Labium not jointed, spiracles superior. Wings always absent. .... Parasita. AA.—Labium not forming a beak, mouth parts free.
B.—Wings present, narrow, delicately fringed; tarsi vesicular (frequenting
PlGSSOmIs) este ey patna ceo oi /o.- > ose Relocates Thysanoptera.
BB.—Wings never present; tarsi with claws. (Parasites on birds and mammals)...
Mallophaga.
SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES,
HETEROPTERA. * ANTENNAE ALWAYS PROMINENT. + Legs ordinary, adapted to terrestrial life. Never inhabiting water or wet places. A.—Head usually flattened or triangular, closely joined to body, often immersed to
the eyes, basal joint of the rostrum straight. B.— Bodies usually rather thick and flattened or convex above, convex below.
O.—Ocelli usually conspicuous. D.—Scutellum very large. E.—Scutellum quite convex, covering nearly the whole abdomen...... Scutelleridae. EE, —Scutellum nearly flat, attenuated posteriorly.... .... Penlatomidae.
DD.—Scutellum ordinary. F.— Antennz inserted above a line drawn from eyes to base of beak....
Coreidae. FF. —Antenne inserted on or below lateral margin of head and on a line drawn from eyes to base of beak..........+0- seen ees Lygaeidae. OC,—Ocelli absent or inconspicuous. Bodies rather soft. G.-—Terminal joint of antennze not slender......... .Pyrrhocoridae. GG,.— 5 Pee ‘«« Jong and slender... ... Phytocoridae. BB.—Bodies decidedly flattened or else decidedly concave above, beak 3-jointed. H,—Antenne tapering. Body very flat.............. Cimicidae. HH.—Antenne enlarging at tip or clubbed. I.—Wings more than covering abdomen, gauze like ....... :
Tingitidae.
San 6
IT.-—-Wings not covering the abdomen. J.—Margins of thorax and abdomen elevated, angular, head not
fattened...) /epeerever-yS ctae.- tte ne fees ane ete ee Phymatidae. JJ.—Thorax and abdomen exceedingly depressed, (live under bale), 2° ¢. ..: ae st cara lerate reve tore ~ eal. > feos APadidae,
AA.—Head cylindrical, distinctly separate from body, base of rostrum curved. An- tenn usually tapering, prothorax with transverse suture.
ke Rostrummonuessslendete 41a.) cen ener Nabidae.
KCRG = OSELUMUISH OME RSUOUG. eee uate) series Reduviidae.
*F ANTENNAE (EXCEPT IN GALGULIDAE) PROMINENT.
tt Leys usually very long and slender, the tarsi variously modified for locomotion on surface of water or life in marshy places.
A,—Antennie very conspicuous.
Be—Antennzeslender. Bodies lineats cece ccciecs ss secs es Hydrometridae. BB.—Antenne short and thick or with basal joint stout and outer joints slender..... Velliidae.
BBB.—Antenne long, conspicuous. C.-—Ocelli and scutellum apparently absent.................. Hydrobatidae. GG-— Ocellispresent size small... Nerpats sere y= cyte oteleletieue) tetera Meer Saldidae. AA, —Antennz inconspicuous, ocelli present,.............. Seana Galgulidae.
HAE ANTENNAE ALWAYS CONCEALED IN CAVITIES OF THE HEAD, ttt Legs often ciliated. (Aquatic forms.)
A,.—Head inserted in prothorax, fore tarsi normal. B.—Boudies flat oval or ovate.
Ge Withouticaudal setae: .'..... cartetorheterelseruey ster tani ele NAUCOMdaes O¢G.—With strap-like caudal appendage... 22.0... ..- 2.00. /e5 ‘elestomicee! BB.—Bodies flat, oval, ovate or elongated, with tone respiratory caudal sete...... Nepidae.
BBB. —Bodies thick, usually soft, convex above.................... Notonectidae. AA,—Head overlapping the prothoiax, fore tarsi flattened and ciliated. ...Corisidae.
HOMOPTERA. * BEAK DISTINCTLY SEPARATE FROM STERNUM. Tarsi three-jointed. Antennae minute, setiform.
A.—Wings more or less opaque, usually narrow, sometimes very broad. B.—Prothorax well developed. Antennze placed between the eyes. Scutellum triangular, C.-—Bodies usually rather slender, front little, if any, produced or carinated. DOC ON VETCEX:.\.1. |< » s:cRReeIeseom oe cltialo eyeemene eeE Tettigonidae. WD E—-Ocelliondront.’).)./.|5 .\. «Meee rerio: zt epee eee Jassidae. CC.—Bodies usually stout, ocelli on vertex, front ecilinee carinate.... Cercopidae. BB.—Prothorax weak, often but slightly developed, antennz ne ocelli placed beneath the eyes, front often produced, scutellum inconspicuous.. Fulgoridae. AA.— Wings entirely membranous, strongly veined. D.-—Prothorax normal, not covering wings. Wings broad, size large, males TASCA Sk elena oe «+o RRRRRREER Bah eRe cated toe ance ery Cicadidae. DD,—Prothorax greatly enlarged, covering the wings and often the entire body Sears etnaal sei < ret: « ': Seva RaENRIE Me ere ele eta retneret ees Membracidae.
** BEAK APPARENTLY ARISING FROM STERNUM. Tarsi one- or two-jointed. All of small size. Antennee prominent, usually filiform.
A,—Tarsi usually 2-jointed, wings, when present, four. B.—Beak 3 or 4-jointed,
Gea AMEN Tee eLOs|OLMtC Mie tfers Gree; <1s:<)» 2 aM alley eraieltor ste erererorst skeits Psyllidae. GG —=Anienneers tovyejomledt.y: ftw.) . aeeeees = aes cee ies eosin Aphididae. Rae Re Ale a] OUILE Cam ste ep -be ayers, /syeies es, os! -/ MEA we Hoe scien Dy rodidaes
AA. —Tarsi one-jointed. Males with two wings, females never winged. Enclosed in waxy scales closely adherent to bark or leaves, or clothed with cottony down.
PL Ne pce ety ete SENS n/o Al ups ele +s CERT a se tana oelecantes Coccidae. PARASITA. The American species are contained in one family............. 0.58 Pediculidae. MALLOPHAGA.
A.—Antenne filiform. Maxillary palpi absent, tarsi short........ Philopteridae. AA.-~—Antenne capitate. Maxillary palpi conspicuous, tarsi long....... Liotheidae. THYSANOPTERA.
These are conveniently grouped in one family........-..... .......-.. Thripidae.
“<a> + ae —__—_—
An abnormal Lucanus cervus *
At the January meeting of the Society Mr. L. C. Schenk exhibited a of specimen of Lucanus cervus with apparently somewhat aborted man- dibles. It seemed at first as if here was only a case of accidental injury in an early stage; but more careful study has developed a very interesting malformation, In size the specimen ratner exceeds the average (¥\ of cervus, and up to the head, is normal. The right side of the head to the mandible, is normal, the antenna complete. The mandible is distorted, lacking the teeth, and the point bent inwardly and joining the front under the labrum. It is perfectly immobile, and forms an irregular loop. ' The left side of the head is shorter than the right; but retains the normal sculpture to the front. The antenna is aborted, the basal joint much shorter than that of the opposite side, the remaining joints irregu- lar, the club wanting. The eye is irregular in shape, and somewhat flattened. ‘The front is oblique, the clypeus twisted sideways by the right mandible. ‘The left mandible is wanting, its place occupied by an imperfect female head, with two perfect though immobile mandibles. The palpi and labrum are aborted and form a queer intergrade between (j\ and © and appear partly to belong to the Qj and partly to the Q head. The palpi are hardly half the length of those of a normal \._ Altogether this is the most remarkable abnormity it has been my fortune to see. J.B.S.
* Read before the Brookl. Ent. Soc. March 1885.
een
Synopses of Cerambycidae.* By Cuarces W. Lene, B. S. GNAPHALODES, Thos.
A species belonging to this genus has occured in Texas, It should be placed before Chzon with the following definition:
Prothorax with lateral spine behind the middle; antenne densely fring- ed beneath, inner angle of joints 4-7 spinose; elytra bispinose at tip, episterna of metathorax wide, scent pores distinel.
The scutellum is triangular, larger than in Chon, and the eyes are less coarsely granulated; the prosternum is perpendicular behind, and the mesosternum convex, ‘The body is brown, uniformly clothed with gray brown pubescence, paler and more dense on the scutellum. The species may be considered an occasional visitor rather than a permanent addi- tion to our fauna,
G. trachyderoides Thoms. Class. Long. p. 236; acuticornis Chev. Dej. Cat. page 152. CHION, Newm.
Contains one species, a large grayish brown insect with rounded prothorax, spined at sides and bispinose elytra. It varies greatly in color and may or may not bear a yeliowish arcuate blotch on each elytron be- fore the middle. Length 25—37 mm. = 1—1.5 inches. Hab. America borealis.
Crcmectus, Drury, lll., 2, 1779eemlndsep.o5eetis7. tvOnmklanis amin) seliiss 81; ruricola Gmel. ed Linn, I, 4, p. 1860; rusticus Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 228; balteatus Deg. Mem. V, 111, t. 14, f. 3; garganicus Fab. Syst. Ent. 178; 4 spinosus Hald. air Awm: Phil. Soc. X,, 32. EBURIA, Serv.
Contains several species of moderate size readily distinguished by the two pairs of ivory spots on the elytra. We reproduce the Synopsis offered by Dr. Leconte in 1873, and published in S.M.C., No. 264.
A.—Middle and hind femora produced at tip into two acute spines; elytra bispinose at tip;
a.— Front coxe not angulated. fissure completely closed; prothorax abruptly con- stricted before and behind, tuberculate and strongly armed on the sides; color piceous;
Body glabrous above, slightly pubescent beneath, prothorax feebly grossly punctured, elytra with very small ivory spots of which the medial pair and the outer basal one are frequently wanting.................0.00: Ulkei.
Body densely and finely pubescent, prothorax with a few very large punct- ures; elytral spots small, distant, outer basal one sometimes wanting, ely- tralispinesismall:. ic). ... . Seem pbeceeetele icicle tic einer eter stigmatica.
* Synopses of the preceding genera will be found in the Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. Vole vl.
—29—
b.—Front cox angulated; prothorax densely and coarsely punctured, sides sub-
tuberculate in front, lateral spine small, acute, dorsal callosities denuded, color testaceous;
Lateral tubercle of prothorax very distinct; elytra with outer spine shorter,
AUGUVOKYs Spots SMaALEGA. Jette. ss « « eeMR ei ein ihe atelier Haldemani. Lateral tubercle of prothorax feeble, elytra with outer spine longer, and ivory SWIOLSILAL CII ie ana ssa ale (eqsie cs, < +0 MeMmeamee tale fevares te, a ecetaee 4-geminata.
c.—Front coxee angulated; prothorax densely and finely punctured, transversely impressed before and behind the middle, lateral spine acute, color testaceous;
Ivory spots very unequal, thoracic spine strong............ a stigma.
Ivory spots equal, large; thoracic spine very small, femoral spines very long.
Le rehs eg Reece GINS. A aosis "ss «aes Regs = eee = eT i distincta.
B.—Femora with short apical spines; elytra obliquely truncate inwards at tip, pro-
thorax coarsely and densely punctured, rounded on the sides, with two denuded dorsal callosities; color testaceous; front coxee distinctly angulated.
imonvespors ot elytrasumequallac <<) tc sc «+ + Vie gels fo octane ovicollis.
©.—Femora without spines, apical angles obtuse; elytra transversely subtruncate; pro-
thorax with four dorsal callosities before the middle, lateral spine very small; front
coxe not angulated; Abdomen densely, but equally and less finely punctured; sides of prothorax much
rounded in front of the spine, ivory spots small..................-.. tumida. Abdomen unequally punctured, sides of prothorax very feebly rounded in front; ivany spots seminate, apex ofelytra truncatemesdean-.s.*«. ce) Se see mutica. Ivory spots single, apex of elytra nearly rounded, with a small sutural spine... ret rela stetel evans are) Sie fst el skegs nels So's oie sae A A afin! ote ajeihate hatch steee manca
E. Ulkei Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 270. Length 27 mm. = 1.08 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.
E. stigmatica Chevr. Col. Mex. fasc. 3, 1834, No. 60; perforata Lec. S.M.C. No. 264, p. 180.
Length 23—30 mm. = .g2—-1.20 inch. Hab. Tex.
E. Haldemani Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 102.
Length 19—30 mm. =.75 to1.201nch. Hab. Texas, Florida.
E. 4-geminata Say, J.A.P., V, 2, 1827, p. 275. Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 11: Chev, Ann. Fr, 1862, p. 265.
Length 23—30 mm. = .go—1.20 inch. Hab. Atlantic States. E. stigma Oliv. Ent. IV, 67, p. 126, t. 23, f. 180. Length 18.5 mm. = .7o inch. Hab. Cuba, Florida. E. distincta Hald. Proc. A. P. III, 1845, p. 150; Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 351. Length 22—25 mm. =.90—1.00 inch. Hab. Ga. and Miss. E. ovicollis Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, p. 180, Length 18—23 mm. = .72-—.92 inch, Hab, Texas. E. mutica Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, 1853, p. 233. Length 17—21 mm. = .60—.80 inch. Hab. Texas. E. manca Lec. §.M.C. No. 264, p. 181. Length 15—20 mm. = .60—.80 inch. Hab. Texas. ROMALEUM, White. The species of this genus differ from Elaphidion, with which they have been united, by the more robust form and by the episterna of the ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 5
metathorax being distinctly though slightly wider in front, and gradually narrowed behind, ‘The femora are not spinose and the spines of the an- tenn are never long. The antennae are longer than the body in ©, the prothorax is very densely punctured with a pusterior medial channel and dorsal cicatrices. In Q the antenne are shorter and the prothorax coarsely punctured with a medial and two dorsal callosities. ‘The species are separated as follows:
body uniformly finely pubescent;
Both angles of 3d and 4th joint of antennze spinose sw... ss wee procerum. hareran oles OnLy SpiNOSe:. eno. -\.Weewee hI nseie te mime ontoese e eoe simplicicolle. Body irregularly pubescent, with spots of coarser and denser hair; EMDESCENGeMOLedinre OU lar. .:!. cee RUeEt three cniicnie sian Sana atomarium. BubecCence WnitOnMa iukvOus,.,.:.. . seeaetecutn ieee eee cerenie eee . rufulum.
»parsely pubescent, elytra very coarsely punctured before the middle, with an irre- gular transverse patch of white pubescence at the middle,........... taeniatum. R. procerum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p. 88. Length 37.5 mm. = 1.5 inch. Hab. New Mexico, Cal. R. simplicicolle Hald. Proc. Ac. Phil. Il, p. 151; Lec. Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phil. ser, 2, 11, p. 12; pulverulentus Hald. ‘Vrans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 32; Lecontei De}. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; Chev. Journ. of Ent. I, p. 243.
Length 44 mm, = 1.75 inch. Hab. United States.
The two species above mentioned are very close, and separable only by characters given in the table. ‘The species of this and the succeeding genus are founded on structural differences, in which the family Ceram- bycidze is so rich. In the present and in other instances these differences are so slight as to indicate that the species are either of very recent ori- gin or are now tending to coalesce. We fail however to find intergrades which would justify us in uniting the species and merely caution the student that the table must be followed very literally to correctly identify specimens. &. aperarium, White, = one of the above species.
Since the above was in type, Dr. Horn writes as follows: ‘‘After examining my series, I can mo/ separate procerum and simplictvolle, and would advise their union under the former name. The arrangement of the antennal spines is an illusory and evanescent character.”
R. atomarium Drury, Ul. II, 1773, Ind. I, p. 93, t. 41, f. 6; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2,
Il, p. 177; marylandicus Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 179; Oliv. Ent. IV, 70, p. 6, t. 1, f. 5; multicolor L. ed. Gmel. I, 4, p. 1857; pulverulentus De G. Ins. V, p. 118, t. 14, f. 12.
Length 22--31 mm. = .88—1.22 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern States. R, rufulum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 32. Length 22—28 mm. = .88—1.15 inch. Hab. Middle States.
These are again closely related. The fulvous color will distinguish rufulum as well as the uniform pubescence: a/omarium being darker in every specimen we have seen,
R. taeniatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, 1851, p. 81. Length 20—25 mm. = .80—1.00 inch. Hab. Texas.
A very distinct species, intermediating somewhat in appearance be- tween this and the following genus.
ELAPHIDION, Serv.
In this genus the metathoracic episterna are scarcely wider in front than behind. The prothorax in sculpture and form and the spines of thighs, elytra and antennz vary in every conceivable degree and are the basis upon which most of the numerous species have been erected. In general the species of Z2Z7phidion are more slender and smaller than those of Romaleum. The species require renewed and careful study, which can only be made however, with Dr. Leconte’s types at hand for com— parison.
SYNOPSIS OF ELAPHIDION.
A.—Antennz and elytra with very Jong spines; thighs spinose at tip; prothorax per- pendicular behind, mesosternum gibbous; prothorax ,j' Q similar with several
callosities; Antenne (¥ longer than the body; Above glabrous, with patches of white hair........................ irroratum. Above clothed irregularly with gray pubescence................ mucronatum. Antenne {' not longer than the body; Uniformly pubescent, scarcely mottled on the elytra.................. tectum.
B.—Antennal spines small; elytra rounded at tip, sutural spine distinct; prothorax broadly rounded at sides, coarsely and deeply punctured with three narrow smooth spaces;
Rather slender, piceous, thinly clothed with long flying hairs............ alienum. ©.—Antennal spines small; prosternum rounded behind, mesosternum obliquely decli- vous; thighs not spinose at tip; prothorax {' finely, Q more coarsely punctured; (scent pores indistinct in a, b, or very obvious ¢, or wanting d); «.—Prothorax rounded on the sides with several dorsal callosities, elytra truncate and strongly bispinose at tip; ENpeScencesorayish) PLOW smMOLtled...... ., . .:., uanaerstorstets/ ae ictetey stot retoeene incertum. b.—Prothorax feebly rounded on the sides, elytra uni- or not spinose at tip, pubes- cence grayish brown, mottled; Thorax with a medial smooth space, and no dorsal callosities; tip of elytra trunc- ACHIW ALAS eMLOtSPINOSE: steys\s.c(s.« < ui< ceoMUMEMte feist et stevehclonel cl « o\Speenere inerme. Thorax with a medial smooth space and two small discoidal callosities; tip of elytra subtruncate, sutural spine distinct.............+........ truncatum. Thorax more rounded on the sides, dorsal space coarsely punctured; tip of elytra POUNCE SIL reMOtSPINOSE -<\oy.\+. =) +a) staan etait ele l alc o/-yteraeteede spurcum. c.—Prothorax scarcely rounded on the sides, ‘cea cylindrical (except in pumilum); elytra bispinose; Pubescence mottled, flying hairs not very obvious; elytral spines long; legs den- sely punctured and pubescent;
—32—
Prothorax scarcely longer than wide............. see eee villosum. Protherax: distinetly longer than wade... ce. -.ss25- sepeeeeees parallelum. Pubescence mottled, flying hairs very long and numerous on legs and antennz: legs very sparsely punctured; Pvitral’spinesuvery, SOL. .:. .\.. aeyeeentcrers ele cee tele cee Sere ae pumilum. Pubescence sparse, coarse, uniform; body very long and slender, coarsely punct- ured; legs coarsely punctured; Flying hairs sparse; antennal and elytral spines moderately long........
subpubescens,.
Biving hairsplong<’Spines lon g saws) sera tele «omen ae eee aculeatum. Body shining testaceous, sparsely punctured and nearly glabrous;
lyingahatrs!sparse: ely tral! spinesmomea. naa. -lcicre niceties sees unicolor,
d.—Prothorax rounded on the sides, coarsely punctured (<Q) without callosities; body more robust, uniformly coarsely and sparsely pubescent, elytra rounded
SMUD eps Coarselyaplunctu red aemareetwet rt -Wet sn oi eyes te eee eee moestum.
D,.— Antennal spines completely wanting; thighs not spinose; pubescence uniform, sparse; form slender, prothorax feebly rounded on the sides;
Pubescence intermixed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded at tip, legs very finely
pubescent, scarcely punctured; metasternum without odoriferous pores......
punctatum.
Thinly clothed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded and slightly truncate at tip;
thighs finely punctulate with sparse setigerous punctures; metasternum with
Gisinchod onerous pores: =... semaine = ale she Re Ree eee ee imbelle Pubescence without long flying hairs; elytra truncate at tip, legs very coarsely punctured; punctuation of prothorax <j/'Q dissimilar..... =o -- CInerascens:
E. irroratum Linn. Syst. Nat. ed XII. p. 633; Drury, Ill. I, p. 92, t. 41, f. 3; Hope, Trans. Zool. Soc. I, p. 107; Jacq. Duy. Hist. Club, 1857, p. 266, t. 10, f. 7. Length 19 mm. =.75 inch. Hab. Cuba, New York, Ills.
The thighs are distinctly spinose in all that we have, but two speci- mens from Illinois which are otherwise similiar have the antennal spines moderate.
E. mucronatum Say, J.A.P. III, 1823, p. 427; Newn. Ent. p. 27; muricatum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; nebulosum Guer, Ic. regn. anim. 1II, p. 255: Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352.
Length 15 —19 mm, = .60—.75 inch. Hab. Mass. to Florida and westward to Missouri.
A common and distinct form.
E. tectum Lec. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XVII, 413. Length 15.6 mm. =.62 inch. Hab. Florida.
We have not seen this species.
E. alienum Lec. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 173. Length 14.5 mm. = .58 inch. Hab. Arizona. Dr. Leconte’s description does not describe the thighs, and having no specimen before us we are unable to place it in any previous division. It appears to be a quite distinct form from characters given in table.
E. incertum Newn. Ent. p. 28; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 13; aspersus Hald, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, 1847, p. 32; vicinwm Hald, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. X, 33; neglectum Lec. Journ. Ac., N. Sc., Phil. ser. 2, IT, 13.
Length 17.5 mm, =.70inch. Hab, New York,
E. inerme Newn. Ent. p. 29.
Length 12—15 mm. =.5 —.6 inch. Hab, Pennsylvania, Tex.
All the specimens we have answering to the description are from Texas and are small and slender.
E. truncatum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; debile Lec. Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. VI, 442.
Length 1419 mm. = .56—.75 inch. Hab. Texas.
Our only specimen is large and robust. E. spurcum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 422. Length 14 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Texas near Mexican boundary. The pubescence is distinctly mottled. E. villosum Fab. Ent. Syst. I, 2, p. 302; Newn. Ent. p. 28; putator Peck, Harris Ins. Mass. p. 81. Length 18 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern States.
E. parallelum Newm. Ent. p. 29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 103; Chev. Ann. Fr. 1862, p. 262; murinus Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; pusillus Dej. Cat. l.c.; oblitus Bem )enel ser..2,) Ul) paw4:\arcius.Newn. Ent..pm2o. lec a) Asb esera 25 Ulap pelos
Length and Habitat same as villosum.
These common species differ markedly in the form of prothorax as well as in paralledum being usually much more slender. The 5th ventral segment in of wllosum is rounded at tip, while in q parallelum it is truncate,
E. pumilum Newn. Fnt. p. 29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 14.
Length 9 mm. = .36 inch. Hab. Georgia, Tex.
This species is easily identified by synopsis.
E. subpubescens Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. XIV, p. 41. Length 17.5 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. New Jersey, Tex. E. aculeatum Lec. §.M.C. No. 264, p. 184.
Length 15 mm. = .60inch. Hab. Texas.
‘These two species are closely allied and distinguished from other Species by their very slender form.
E. unicolor Rand. Bost. Journ. II, 1838, p. 42. Length 11 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Atlantic States.
The slender scarcely pubescent body and elytra distinguish this species at once.
E. moestum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 442. Length 13—15 mm. = .50—.60 inch. Hab. Texas.
Resembles spurcum in size and robust form, but differs in elytral spines and pubescence which is sparse, exposing the dark brown color of the body and elytra,
a
E. punctatum [ec. S.M.C. No. 264, p. 185. Length 1o—12 mm, = .40—.48 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.
E. imbelle Lec. Buff. Bull. IV, 27. Length 17.3 mm. =.70 inch. Hab. California.
E. cinerascens Lec. Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. ser. 2, II, p. 15.
Length 8.5—12.5 mm. = .35—.50inch. Hab. Pa. Tex.
The three species above named are sufficiently characterised by the synopsis. £. punctatum we have not seen.
Norr.—lI shall be glad to see any specimens of Evaphidion which do not fall within the descriptions above given, or which seem to intergrade between them. Quite large series have served on the whole to confirm Dr. Leconte’s views on this genus and specimens needing special atten- tion will be therefore very interesting and meet with prompt recognition in these columns. Such may be sent to Mr. Chas. W. Leng, P.O. Box 3565, New York.
ANEFLUS, Lee.
This genus is rendered necessary for certain species which complete- ly resemble the elongate forms of Lv/aphidion (subpubescens etc.) in ap- pearance, but differ by having the joints of the antennz from the sth flattened and distinctly carinate along the middle of the flat sides,
SYNOPSIS OF ANEFLUS.
Prothorax distinctly dilated, and feebly angulated on the sides; elytra bispinose at tip; hind tibize scarcely carinate; palpi unequal, with the last joint dilated, tri- angular;
Very large, spines of antennz moderately long...........-.........- protensus.
Prothorax cylindrical, sides nearly straight;
Third joint of antennz with a spine a little longer than that of 4th joint; palpi with last joint not dilated;
Elytra emarginate at tip, slightly bispinose, flying hairs of tibize long, not very TUDE OWS x petstnicyafolels: sini = « «Repeater ae teint esters) sion isPaiereuch ckavhetporeee eae linearis.
Third joint of antennze with spine much longer; Elytra emarginate at tip, flying hairs of tibiz not conspicuous, palpi with last Womb mMotidilated 4,1: .'s <.. seers ielein’= shine ae AS OE tenuis. Elytra truncate at tip, suture more prominent, flying hairs of tibize long, numer- ous; palpi very unequal, with last joint triangular, dilated; (antennal cari-
MECTODSOLGLE )Eisave tics cic si « » a AUMRRPETMONSIA + Geo oie clere ee cla ul Meehan volitans. Antennal joints 3—6 with short spines, distinctly carinate; apex of elytra with two long spines; last joint of palpi elongate, triangular............... prolixus.
A. protensus Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 82. Length 30 mm, = 1.22 inch. Hab, Arizona.
A. linearis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p. 80.
Length 10 mm, = .41 inch. Hab, California.
PLATE I.
1885.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, MAY,
a
peed
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)
x
S * XS
\
| gee at:
eee Pt
PLATE II.
MAY, 1885.
>
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA
x (=
Ble are ee
i nn
1 Im al pteyimel deeidinaind p actiainenyiie ap Chet tees ee
A. tenuis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, p. 81. Length 1.25 mm. =.50 inch. Hab. Pexas and Arizona.
In this species, as in the preceding, the palpi are not dilated and are not very unequal; the hind tibiae are however much more distinctly carinated, the spine of the 3d antennal joint is two-thirds as long as the 4th joint and the spine of the latter is quite small.
A. volitans Lec. S.M.C. No. 264. 1873, p. 186.
Length 10 mm. = .40 inch, Hab. Lower Cal.
In this species as in profnsus the first joint of the antenne is longer and less thickened than in “ears and slightly curved, the outer joints are scarcely carinate, the spine of the 3d joint is two-thirds as long as the 4th joint and the spine of tne latter is also long, being fully one third as long as 5th joint. The hind tibia are only feebly carinate.
A. prolixus Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, 1873, p. 203.
Length 25 mm. = 1 inch. Hab. Lower Cal.
The antennz are very distinctly carinate, of ¢\ nearly as long as body, © scarcely two-thirds as long. ‘lhe appearance of a transverse line on the disk of prothorax is the result of the arrangement of the pubescence rather than a positive elevation.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES I & Il.
1 Tetropium cinnamopterum, 18 Xylocrius cribratus,
2 Upsimus 4-lineatus, 1g Malacopterus vittatus,
3 Smodicum cucujiforme, 20 Ueme rigida,
4 Gonocallus collaris, 21 ‘** strangulata,
5 Physocnemum brevilineus, 22 Eucrossus vilicornis,
6 oe Andreze (Elytra), 23 Dryobius 6-fasciatus,
7 Khopalopus sanguinicollis, 24 Haplidus testaceus,
8 Hylotrupes bajulus, 25 Achryson surinamense,
9 es ligneus, 26 Gracilia minuta, © 10 Phymatodes variabilis, 27 Axestinus obscurus,
II ee dimidiatus, 27a ce es antenna, 12 es vulneratus, 28 Brothylus conspersus,
13 es varius, 29 Osmidus guttatus, 14 os decussatus and nitidus, 30 Stromatium pubescens, 15 Merium proteus, 31 Antenna of Aneflus,
16 Callidium antennatum, 32 Gnaphalodes trachyderoides. 17 as hirtellum,
[ By the error of the Photo Engraving Co., the plates were made rather smaller than ordered. The actual size ofinsects figured is therefore somewhat greater than indicated. Most of the species here figured were described in Bulletin, Vol. VII. }
oe
Synopses of Butterflies. * By Rev. Gro. D. Hutst.
EREBIA, Dalm.
1. Tyndarus Esp. Schm. I, 2, p. 97, pl. 67. Callias W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 3, 274.
Above brown; on disk of primaries covering the discoidal and upper median interspaces a triangular castaneous patch enclosing a black duplex spot, both parts ocellated. Secondaries with three black spots each in a pale castaneous ring. Underside of primaries castaneous ex- cept the costal edge and apex which are gray; same markings as above. Secondaries gray with a brown tint; the disk crossed with a deeply cre- nated line, anterior to which near base is another similar line nearly ob- solete: spots as above.
Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado.
2. Haydenii W. H. Edw. Rep. Hayden Exp. Montana, 1872, 467. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 5, 19.
Upper side fuscous, immaculate. Underside a shade paler, much marbled with gray scales; primaries immaculate; secondaries with a com- plete series of black ocelli along the edge of outer margin, one in each interspace, cach ocellus narrowly ringed with ochraceous and having a minute white pupil.
Expands 1.6 inches. ‘Taken at Yellowstone Lake.
3. Epipsodea butl. Cat. Sat. B.M., p. 80, pl. 2, £9, Rhodia W. H. Edw. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 3, 273.
Body black, Wings above, uniform dark brown; the primaries generally have 3 ocellated submarginal spots, 2 towards the apex, the third post median; all are surrounded with bright reddish brown. There is a row of corresponding ocellated spots on secondaries, varying in number. Beneath primaries somewhat paler with spots repeated; secon- daries paler on outer third, the ocellated spots not edged with reddish brown,
Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado, Montana.
4. Magdalena Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35.
Upper surface of wings entirely and uniformly dark blackish brown. Beneath as above with the outer third a shade lighter.
Expands 2 inches. Colorado.
5. Disa Var. Mancinus Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur. Lep. II, p. 380, pl. 54.
Upper side deep sooty black; primaries slightly reddish towards
* These Synopses are continued from the ‘‘Bulletin’’. Descriptions of the spe- cies of the preceding genera will be found in Vol. I to Vol. VII of that publication.
outer margin; a submarginal row of reddish spots the two nearest the apex more distinctly pupilled. Beneath primaries as above: secondaries brown densely powdered with silvery white scales giving a grayish cast: there is a broad median band of sooty black, deeply indented towards base, regularly sinuate outwardly; at the costal margin and on the outer edge of this band is a triangular patch of white; also a white spot on second submedian nervule; a submarginal row of faint blackish lunules is also present.
Rocky Mts., Alaska.
6. Rossii Curt. App. Ross’ 2d Voyage, p. 67, pl. A, f. 7.
Wings uniform dark reddish brown above and below, somewhat paler below. On the primaries towards apex are two ocellated spots close together which are repeated below.
Expands 2 inches. Arctic Am.
7. Discoidalis Kirb. Fauna Bor. Am. IV, p. 208, pl. 3, f. 2, 3.
Body brown. Wings brown: costa spotted with gray; a triangular obscure tawny reddish discoidal stripe from base to posterior margin on primaries. This spot is also on the underside of the primaries, and the wing is tipped with gray. Secondaries beneath distinctly marbled and clouded with gray and whitish.
Expands 1.5 inches. Arctic Am.
8. Fasciata Butl. Cat. $.B.M., p. 92, pl. 2, f. 8.
Wings above much as in @scoida/is. Below the primaries are paler with three darker fascize: one basal indistinct; the second broadly median, broadest at costa: the third marginal]. Secondaries beneath whitish cin- ereous with three darker fascize: the first basal, confused; the second median, undulating; the third marginal.
Expands 2—2.5 inches. Arctic Am.
g. Sofia Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35.
Upper surface dark brown. Primaries crossed with a submarginal rusty yellow band, the same color evident in the discoidal cell. Second- aries with a submarginal row of four rust colored spots. Beneath prim- aries with band repeated but paler. Secondaries also lighter, the spots white.
Expands 1.5 inches. Ft. Churchill, Brit. Am.
VESAGUS Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur, Lep. 380; pl. 64, £3; has been catalogued as a N.A. species of Zredia and thus stands in Mr, W. H. Edwards’ latest catalogue. 1885. But it undoubtedly does not belong to our fauna. In Doub. Hew,, where it is figured and named without description, to the name is added, “Rocky Mountains”, with an interrogation mark; showing thé locality was uncertain, Kirby catalogues it p. 64, 1. 36 with the ?. Dr. Morris in his catalogue, p. 10. leaves
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 6
eet OS
the ? out, as does Weidemeyer p. 27, who gives it the locality ““U. S.”. W. H. Edw. in all his catalogues leaves out the ?, and in the one of 1877 adds to locality (Prob. Brit. Am.)”. All these were made without a personal knowledge of the insect. Strecker in his catalogue, 1878, p. 151, (probably under the suggestion of Hewitson), expresses his convict- ion that the species is not North American but Souta American. Kirby, Cat. ofthe Diur. Lep. in Coll. "W.-C. Hewitson 1879, p.. 130) gives without any expression of doubt, locality ‘South America’, Wether this is based on the previous knowledge of Mr. Hewitson, or on evidence gained by Mr. Butler by new material I do not know; but in view of it, the locality originally surmised must have been an error, and in the present state of the case, the species must be dropped from our lists. No authenticated specimen has ever been taken in North America so far as I can learn.
The most of our species of Erebia have been named on very limited material, not always in the best condition. It is probable a large gather- ing of material will very greatly modify our present list.
My thanks are given to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Cambridge, and Rev. W. J. Holland of Pittsburgh for very valuable assistance in the above Synopsis.
a 9 At
Notes and News. STYLOPID.
The species of this family are very rare indeed in American collect- ions, but seem more common in Europe. In an old number of the “Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science” is an article on the subject from which I quote: “On another occasion saw about 20 flying, but they were so high from the ground he could only capture halfa dozen. The little animals are exceedingly graceful in their flight, taking long sweeps as if carried along by a gentle breeze, and occasionall yhovering at a few inches from the ground”, ‘They are in Europe parasitic on Andrena, which is a very early species, flying in April. ‘The GQ‘ are said to em- erge from the pupz early in the morning—g to 11 A.M,
Our species, Xenos Peckit is parasitic on Polistes and I have very often seen the head of the pupa projecting between the segments of the abdomen of our common species. In the ‘‘classification” it is stated that the head of the pupa case of the (J! is convex; that of of the Q flat. Spe- cimens of Po/is/es found with a \ pupa might be confined with proper food until the parasite emerges. Suppose some of our Collectors turn their attention to S/ops this spring! jicBers.
* * *
Looking over the new edition of the ‘‘International Scientist's Di- rectory’ we find that out of 4521 names of Scientists from the U. S. and Can, 620 have Entomology specified as one of their studies. Of these, 229 have Ln/. added as one of several branches in which they are inter- ested. Among these there are a few well known Entomologists, but a large proportion consists of those omnivorous individuals for whom the circle of Sciences seems too small, and who have tacked on all the ologies besides numerous other things not ending in ology. 47 are Entomolo- gists pure and unadulterated, apparently without specialty. The remain- der express a preference for one or the other of the orders; and the Lepi- dopterists head the list with 129 devotees—some of them have Zefid. only as one of several other pursuits, but have no other specialty in Entomo- logy. ‘The Coéeopiera follow with a company of 93—while the two orders; Col. et Lep, are combined by 73 individuals. A weakness for Hymenop- dera is confessed by 10; for Diplera by 6; for Hemiptera by 5; for Neurop- tera by 4, while Mr. Bruner as sole representative of the Orthopiera brings up the rear, 14 are interested in several orders. The Leprdopira are combined with the Dpéera three times; with the Neuropfera twice; with the Orthopiera once. ‘The Coleoptera are combined with the Hymen- opiera three times; once each with Hemiptera, Orthopiera and Diptera; while one ambitious individual collects; Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Gen- eral Curiosities. ‘These figures are suggestive, and should induce young students to take up some of the neglected orders: there is an immense field for work in them, and ‘‘Entomologica” will’ do all it can to ease the work by presenting introductory synopses of families in all orders. Mr. Bruner, the single Or¢hopéerist feels solitary, and to induce others to join him will prepare an outline synopsis of that order for an early No. of this Journal.
* * *
We hear that Dr. Horn has been elected on honorary member of the Entomological Society of France. They have but six honorary members outside of France, and to be ranked as one of them is of itself sufficient testimony of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself in the Entomological world, We know of none better deserving such a distinction. j
* *
Apropos of your notice on Water Beetles, I recollect being very much surprised not long since to notice some species, bobbing their heads against the ice (from below be it understood). I could hardly be- lieve my eyes at first, but wherever I founda bit of transparent ice, I could with a little patience notice the insects swimming round below.
= xe * C. W. Lene.
?
—40—
This is a good place to call the attention of readers to the fact that No. 3 of this Journal will be sent only to those who have sent in their subscription before that number is issued. We are sorry to make such a provision, but we have not yet been able to find a printer sufficiently interested in the advancement of Entomology to print our paper for less than regular price in ‘Hard Cash”.
rt 0 Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society, April 7th.—Twenty-one members, and one visitor present; the Vice-Pres. Mr. F. L. Graf in the chair. Messrs. A. E. Brunn and W. H. Danby of Brooklyn and Mr. F. M. Aaron of Philadelphia were elected members of the Society. Prof. F, Fillon of Brooklyn was proposed for membership by Mr. Cramer.
Letters from Messrs. A. Sallé, Baron C. R. von Osten-Sacken, and Rey. John G. Morris acknowledging their election as honorary members were read by the Secretary.
Mr. Smith presented his Report as Editor for Vol. VII of the Bulletin.
IBITHEAGOBUROLMVOL Serr: «ie ree Meet store iste. < lS eee ah sverste eet peeaeses $325 45
Receipts from sale of back Volumes and subscriptions...$157 75
Extra pp. in Nos, 2 & 3, borne by Messrs. Hulst & Smith... 31 00
Wohumes tumnished Membersut trie. w. occ ose coe ose ee 35 00 PERMA OES erste peers se orice! = «ots HMMM Pel Sic o L018) olayerehe tistecel ars 73 00 Weticitn Wald sbyssoclety. . . i Vsti cypleerclelsis «\aicre te oie ator 28 70 $325 45
Mr. Hulst called the attention of the members to a collection of Coenonymphe, brought by Mr. Geo. Frank. He said that these specimens added considerable positive knowledge on the subject of the variation of the species. These speci- mens, undoubtedly (. ochracea Edw., varied in color of the upper surface of the wings from a dark brown to a very light buff, the males being darker than the females. There was also a variation in both sexes, some having ocelli, others wanting them. Beneath, there was just as wide variation in the ground color, and in the ocelli. The broken white band on the secondaries was about or quite obsolete in some, in others broad and definite. One specimen had a decidedly reddish brown submarginal band on the hind wings beneath.
The question was asked, ‘‘might it not be that these were separate species flying together’?
Mr. Frank said they were taken near St. Paul, Minn. Mostly on the same day in one small locality; that there was a continuous intergradation and that he found some widely differing in markings and color, in coitu.
Mr, Hulst spoke at some length upon the subject of the evening ‘‘the effect of external conditions upon Lepidoptera”, remarking upon the three influences, temperature, humidity, and food, and took the ground that the most of direct and immediate changes in the appearance of the insect, resulting from these three causes, could be explained on the theory of impaired or redundant vitality. And in the most of cases where the changes did not apparently follow from im- paired or redundant vitality, it was only fair, though our knowledge did not give proof, to suppose these were the operating causes. Considerable exception was taken to Mr. Hulst’s views, but as the hour of adjournment had arrived, nothing but an expression of dissent could be given. It was especially thought by some, that food had often a direct modifying influence,
YOL, I.
ATOMS -OGl¢p AMERICANA
BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1885.
NO. 3.
Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North American Beetles, published in 1883—84.*
By SAMUEL
HENSHAW.
In II the first number (in heavy-faced type) refers to the author-
list im’ JD.
An examination of II shows that twelve oe)
authors have described
nine (g) new genera and three-hundred and ninety-five (395) new species. a ee ba os eee Anthony, A. C. Casey, T. L.
1 Lebia grandis in Massachusetts. Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883, Vana DeeLO:
Blanchard, F.
2 Note on the habits of Amphicoma vulpina.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 90.
3 Table of Balaninus Germ.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 106-8.
4 Note on the species of Gaurotes Lec.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 108.
Bowditch, F. C.
5 Notes on the habits of Hydrocharis obtusatus Say and Magdalis olyra Herbst.
Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1884, Veh eb tri
Bowles, G. H.
6 On luminous Insects.
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1882.
7 Notes on Coleoptera. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 64-67. 8 Revision of the Cucujidz of America north of Mexico. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. XI, p-.99—112, plates 4—8.
‘| 9 Contributions to the descriptive and
systematic Coleopterology of North America, Part I. Phila. 1884, pp. 60, 1 plate. 10 Revision of the Stenini of America north of Mexico. Phila. 1884, pp. 206, 1 plate. (See Science 1884, v. 4, p. 561.) 11 (Malformation of Acmzops. ) Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5 Bull. Caulfield, F. B. 12 Remarks on Chrysomela scalaris Lec., Chrysomela labyrinthica Lec. and Physonota unipuncta Say.
1883, p. 34, figures.
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p, 226—7.
* This brings the Record of American Coleopterology from where it was left in
the Bulletin, B.E.S., V, 69 —74 to Jan. 1,
1885. Jes
a
Chaudoir, Max de. _ 13 Monographie des Oodides, Part. 2. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, (1883) ser. 6, v. 2, p. 485—554. Clarkson, Frederick. 14 The dung pellet makers. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 18—I19.
2—
Deveraux, W. L. 24 Coal tar for the Plum weevil. Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 236. Ineffectual. 25 Weevil versus Curculio. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 27—29. Application of the terms.
Origin and limitation of the term|Dimmock, A. K.
Scarabaeus. 15 Prionus brevicornis Fabr,
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 95. iMbicats,
16 Galeruca xanthomelena Schrank,
Ca, Ent. 1884. v. 16. p. 124—5. Destructive lo elms at Long Island.
Claypole, E. W. 17 The Colorado Potato-Beetle.
Amer. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1174-75. No second brood in 1883; seareity in the Middle States during 1883. (See Science 1883, v, 2, p. 327.)
Coleman, N. 18 ‘he Colorado Potato-Beetle pupating above the ground.
Quart. Journ, Bost, Zool, Soc. 1883,
v. 2, p. 32.
Coquillett, D. W. 19 Descriptions of a few leaf-eating Co- leopterous larvee.
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 2I—23. Brief description of Chrysomela pallida, C. clivicollis, C. multigqut- tis, C. bigsbyana, C. similis, Lema collaris, Doryphora juncta, and D. 10-lineata.
20 Notes on the early stages of Xylo- trechus annosus Say. ;
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 31--32.
21 Notes on the early stages of Calop- teron reticulatum Fabr.
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 97—98.
22 Descriptions of a few Elaterid and allied larve.
Ca, Ent, 1883, v. 15, p. 1ol—2. Describes Elater niaricollis, An-
26 Sexual attraction in Prionus, Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p- 159. Dimmock, George. 27 Seales of Coleoptera. Psyche, 1883, v. 4, p. 3—I1; 23-27; 43 —47; 63--71. Describes and figures the scales of species of Cicindelidee, Dermestider, Scarabeide, Buprestidae, Elateri- dw, Ptinidee, Cerambycidee, and Curculionide. Literature of the subject. See Science 1883, v. 1, p. 203; 1884, v. 3, p. 127—28. 28 Coleoptera. Stand. Nat. Hist. Bost. 1884, v. 2, p. 297—402, figures. Popular illustrated account of the order, Doll, J. 29 (Habits of Dynastes:) Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 97, p. 6, Bull. Duges, E. 30 Métamorphoses du Lyctus planicol- lis Lee. Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, p. 54—59, plate. Duvivier, Antoine. 31 Enumération des Staphylinides dé- crits depuis la publication du Cata- logue de MM. Gemminger & de Ha-
rold. Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, Pp. 9I—2I5.
Evans, John D. 32 Remarkable gathering of beetles. Ca, Ent. 1883. v. 15, p. 237—38.
drochirus fuscipes, Athous cucul-|Forbes, S. A.
latus. 23 Notes on the early stages of Lixus macer Leconte. Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 113.
33 Insects injurious to the Strawberry. Trans, Miss. Valley Hort. Soc, 1883,
v. I, p. 50--85. Describes the habits, early stages
&c. of Lachnosternu sp., CotalpayFrench, G. H. lanigera, Paria 6-notata, P. ater-| 40 Preparatory stages of Epilachna bo-
rima, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and realis Fabr. Tyloderma fragarie. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 189—91. 34 The food relations of the Carabide|Fuchs, C. and Coccinellidae. 41 A lost locality. Bull. Ill. State. Lab. N. H. 1883, Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 81. No. 6, p. 33—64. Near Brooklyn, N. Y.
See also Science 1883, v. 1, p. 317;|Getstaecker, A. Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 417—19. 42 Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Ple-
35 Twelfth Report of the State Entomo- Rom a yeee, Sith Byes ee a
: : ' licornier logist on the noxious and beneficial : 3 ’ Insects of the State of Illinois. a Wate Zeit, 1883, Jabrg. 44, p. — Se .
Springfield, Illinois, 1883. Not seen. Gives notes on the Corn- root worm, Diabrotica longicornis and the Strawberry Crown borer, Tyloderma fragarice, Also re- marks on the food relations of pre- daceous beetles.
Godman, F. Ducane & Osbert Salvin. 43 Biologia Centrali-Americana. London. Parts 21—34 Jan. 1883-—Decemb. 1884 contain portions of Adephaga by Bates, Staphylinide by Sharp,
; ; Malacodermata by Gorham,, Phyto- 36 Thirteenth Report of the State Ento- phaga by Jacoby and Tenebrioni-
mologist on the noxious and benefi- dee by Champion. cial Insects of the State of Illinois. |pagen, H. ae Springfield, Illinois, 1884. Includes notes on Diabrotica longi- cornis injuring Corn and on the fol- lowing Strawberry pests, Lachno-
44 Lawsuits against grubs and grass- hoppers. Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—71I. Partial reprint of paper with same sterna sp., Colalpa lanigera, Allo- title which was first printed in 1881. rhina nitida, Scelodonta pubescens
(= nebulosus), Paria 6-notata, P. aterrima, Colaspis brunnea, Otio- rhynchus sulcatus, Anthonomus musculus and Tylodermafragaric, Figures of several of the above are given.
45 Chrysomela scalaris. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 120. Abundant on elms at Cambridge, Mass. during May. 46 Scolytus rugulosus in branches of Pear-trees, which were killed by
; : ; ' : Pear-blight. 37 On the life-histories and immature Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 161—63.
stages of three Eumolpini.
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 123-30, pl. 1. Relates to Colaspis brunnea, Paria aterrima, Scelodonta pubescens (= nebulosus) all of which injure the roots of the Strawberry.
47 Note on Chalcographa sealaris Lec. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 225—26. 48 Note on the habitat of Xyloryetes sa- tyrus. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 239—40. Hamilton, John. 38 On the life-histories and immature] 49 Observations on Anthrenus varius
stages of three Eumolpini. Correct- Fabr., Anthrenus musaeorum Lin., ive Note. Trogoderma ornata Say, and Sito- Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 167—168. drepa panicea Lin. 39 Insects affecting the Strawberry. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, Pp. 99-93.
Trans, Wisc. State Agr. Soc., v, 21.} 50 Notes on a few species of Coleoptera Not seen. which are confused in many collect-
Aa
ions, and on some introduced Euro- 110 species are new to Canadian pean species, lists. See Science 1884, v. 3, p. 235. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 35-—38. 62 (Gathering of beetles. )
51 The survival of the fittest among cer- Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p 17—18. tain species of Pterostichus as de-| 63 Additions to Canadian lists of Cole- duced from their habits. optera.
Ca. Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 73—-77. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 44 -47; 70
52 On Valgus canaliculatus and squa- to 73; 96—98; 117 —I9. miger, Elleschus bipunctatus, Xylo- Harrington, W. H., James Fletcher ryctes satyrus. and J. B. Tyrrell.
Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 105 8. | 64 Coleoptera. » 53 On Trogoderma ornata, Physonota Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, unipunctata and Tanysphyrus lem- 1884, v. 2, p. 137—39. nae, Notes on a number of species. Ca, Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 133-36. |Hayward, R.
54 Coleoptera in September on brigan-| 65 A note on Acmzodera culta,
tine Beach, N.J., on the Atlantic Quart. Journ, Bost. Zool. Soc, 1883, Coast. Mig Cy (DeIfoy Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 186 go. | On the flowers of Hypoxys erecta. Hanham, A. W. 66 On the sexual characters of Boleto- 55 Entomological Notes. therus bifurcus. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 98 - 99. Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1884, Notes on afew species eaten by toads. V. 3, p. 16—17. Harrington, W. H. Hayward, R. and H. Savage. 56 (Beetles injurious to men.) 67 A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 59—60. Green Mountains. Acmaeops pratensis in the ear, Quart, Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883, Melanophila longipes biting the v. 2, p. I12—15; 24 —29; 36-38. neck. Hill, F. C. 57 (Notes on Beetles. ) 68 On the antenna of Meloe. Ca. Ent 1883, v. 15, p. 79—8o. Am. Journ. of Sc. 1883, ser. 3, v. Records and habitats of a few 25, p- 137—38, figures. species, Describes the distortion of the male 58 Variations in markings of Cicindela antenna and its use during copu- sex-guttata, lation. Ca, Ent, 1883; v.25, p: 230: Holland, W. J. 59 Chrysomelidae. Leaf—Eaters. 69 (Use of the jaws of the male Eupsalis Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1882, minuta.) 1883, p. 53—62, figures. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 46. 60 Injurious Insects affecting the Hick-|Horn, G. H. ory. Coleoptera. 70 Synoptic table of Pseudomorpha. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1883, Bull. Bkl, E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 16. 1884, p. 42 —52, figures, 71 Synoptic table of Tachycellus. 61 List of Ottawa Coleoptera. Bull, Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 51-2. Trans, Ottowa Field, Nat, Club,} 72 The species of Discoderus. 1884, v. 2, p. 67—85. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 52-3. Introductory comparing previous) 73 Synoptic table of Mallodon- Canadian and a few local lists with Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 9.
the present. List of 1003 species) 74 Notes on Chrysomela. included in 524 genera and 67 fam. | Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 127—209.
Calligrapha multiguttis Stal. sealaris Lee. ; C. multiguttata Stal, C. opifera Stal recorded from Ari- zona; C. labyrinthica Lec. Ms. = CL pnirsa Stal; C. limbaticollis Stal not N. American; Doryphora melanothorax Stal recorded from
Hubbard, H. G. 84 (Habits of Mallodon melanopus.) Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5, Bull.
Jones, A. W.
85 Notes on the habits of Cie:ndelidae. Bull. Bk. E, S. 1884, v. 7, p. 74-6.
Kellicott, .D.. S.
~l
or
~I ~l
—
to
oe)
N. Mexico, and Plagiodera floscu-
: ; ; 86 Psephenus Lecontei, on the external losa Stal from California,
anatomy of the larva. Ca. Ent, 1883, v. 15, f. 191 —98, figs. Ca. a 1884, V- ao) p. 147 —48. See Science, 1883, v. 2, p. 337. Possible identity of Lamesis, Kilmane An Hi Westw. and Xenorhipis Lec. ; Cyr- 87
Synonymical Notes.
Phytonomus punctatus Fabricius,
tophorus gibbulus Lec. = Micro- Ca. Ent, 1884, v, 16, p. 144 —45 elytus gazellula Hald; Leptura, coc- en iatice in Canada, description cinea Lec, = testacea Linn., L. 5
and habits, atrata Lec. = proxima Kirby. Lameere, Aug.
88 Addenda et corrigenda a la liste des Cérambycides deécrits postérieure- ment au catalogue de Munich.
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, p. 104—5, C. R.
89 Contributions a lhistoire des méta- morphoses des Longicornes de la famille des Prionidae.
Not seen. Describes and figures pupa of Pa- randra polita Say. Leconte, J. L.
90 Synoptic table of Stenolophus.
Bull. Bkl. KE. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 13-25.
91 Synoptic table of Acupalpus.
Miscellaneous notes & short studies ot North American Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1883, v. 10. p. 269—312, plate 9. (Poecilobrium n. g. proposed for species included in Callimus. ) Trans..Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. Io, paw, roc: (Method of mounting dissections of the month parts of beetles. ) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. I0, Beehs pekoGs (Outer lobe of maxilla present in the Gyrinidae. ) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10,
p- 16, Proc. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 15. (Work of Attagenus megatoma in} 92 Synoptic table of Calathus. ticking. ) Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 49.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10, Pals -etoc, Notes on the species of Anomala in- habiting the United States, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. II, p- 157—64. Synopsis of the United States species of Notoxus and Mecynotarsus. Trans. Am, Ent, Soc. 1884, v. II,
93 Synoptic table of Agonoderus. Bull. Bkl. KE. S, 1883. v. 6, p. 53-54. 94 Lists of Coleoptera collected in 1881 by Dr. Bell and others in the Lake Superior district and in the North- west Territories, east of the 112th meridian and south of the 60th par- allel.
Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. of Ca,
p- 165—76. Rept. of Progress for 1880-81-82, p. Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal 29C—39C. America. Leconte, J. L. & G. H. Horn.
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11,] 95 Classification of the Coleoptera of p- 177—244. North America.
age
Smithsonian Misc. Coll, 1883, v. 26, Concerning Buprestidae and Ceram- pp: 38 and 567. bycide. Leng, C. W. 107 The development of the bark-bor-
96 Synopses of Cerambycidae. ing beetles Hylurgops & Xyleborus.
Bull. Bkl, E. S, 1884, v. 7, p. 7-11; Third Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm, 1883 57—64; 95— 101; 112—16; plate 2. p. 280—82, plate 22. 97 (Notes on a few beetles. ) 108 Mode of oviposition of the common Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1884, v. 7, p. 76-7. pine borer (Monohammus confusor). Lugger, Otto. Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. 1149—51.
98 Spread of the 12-punctured Aspara-| 109 Egg-laying habits of the Maple-tree gus beetle. borer (Glycobius speciosus. )
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199. Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. I151-—52.
99 Food-plants of beetles bred in Mary-|Patton, W. H. land. 110 Sound-producing organs in Ano-
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 203—4. mala, Anthonomus and other Coleop- 100 List of Coleoptera found in the vi- tera. cinity of Baltimore. Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 146. Johns Hopkins Univ, Circ. v, 3, No.|/Pergande, T. 30, p. 78—79. 111 (Ptinus brunneus bred from rat Not seen. dung. ) Matthews, A. Science, 1884, v. 4, No.-96, p. 5,
101 On the classification of the Coleop- Bull. tera of North America by Dr. J. L.|Regimbart, M.
Leconte and Dr. G. H. Horn. 112 Essai monographiqne de la famille Ann, and Mag. N. H. 1883, ser. 5, des Gyrinidae. v. 12, p. 167-—72. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, ser. 6,
- 102 Synopsis of North American Tri- v. 2, p. 379—458, .plates 10—12;
chopterygidae. 1884, ser. 6, v. 3, p. 121—go, plate Trans. Am. Ent, Soc. 1884, v. II, 6; p. 381—482, plates 11—14. p- 113—56. Reinecke, O.
Merriam, C. H. 113 Longevity of beetles.
103 Ravages of a rare Scolytid Beetle in Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, f. 36. the Sugar Maples of Northeastern Microclytus gazellula alive after New York. immersion wt alcohol for several
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 84-6, figs. hours. Concerning Corthylus punctatissi-| 114 Invasion of Phytonomus opimus, mus Zimm. Leconte. Moffat, J. A. Buffalo Freie Presse, Aug. 12, 1884, 104 (Notes on Calopteron reticulatum.) Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 76. Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p- 179—80. [Reitter, Edw. Osborn, H. 115 Platypsylla castoris Rits., als Ver-
105 The Corn-root worm (Diabrotica treter einer neuen europaeischen longicornis. ) Coleopteren-Faimilie.
Bull. Iowa, Agric. Coll. Dept. Ent. Wien. Ent, Zeit. Jahrg. 3, p. 19-21. 1884. No. 2, p. 61—6o9. Not seen. Packard, A. S. Rey, Cl.
106 Descriptions of the larvce of injuri-, 116 Description de la larve del’ Anthicus ous forest insects. floralis.
Third Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm, 1883 Ann. Soc, Linn. Lyon. 1883, new
p. 251—62, plates 6—15. ser. v. 29, p. 141-—42.
aa (a
Ricksecker, L. E. 117 On the occurrence of Amphicoma.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 83. Flying over sand dunes near San Francisco,
Riley, C. V. 118 Ona gall-making genus of Apio- ninae.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 61—2.,
119 Food habits of Megilla maculata.
Am Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 322—23.
120 Damage to silverplate by insects (Niptus hololeptus).
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 420.
121 Number of moults and length of larval life as influenced by food.
Am, Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 547—48. Observations upon Tenebrio moli- tor, T. obsewrus and Trogoderma tarsale.
122 Insects affecting stored Rice.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 790. Mentions severul beetles.
123 Hypermetamorphoses of the Meloi- dae.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 790—91. Revision of the nomenclature of the larval forms.
124 Enemies of the Egg-plant.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1070. Mentions Cassida texana, Dory- phora juncta.
125 Habits of Murmidius.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1071. Lives in old rice and straw; spins a@ cocoon; names several cocoon— spinning beetles.
126 Cantharis Nuttalli injuring wheat.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1174.
_ 127 Hymenorus rufipes as a myrmico- philus species.
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1176.
In nests of Formica fusca. 128 Report of the Entomologist.
Rept. Comm, Agric. 1883, p. 99 to
180,
Pages 159—70, plate 12, fig. 3, give descriptions and figures of all stages of Galeruca xanthomeleena ; also remedial recommendations.
129 Hitherto unknown mode of ovipo- sition in the Carabidae.
Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 342. Chlenius impunctifrons from eqy to beetle.
130 The insects of the year.
Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 565 —68. The seasonal occurrence of insects.
Riley, (GV. & Hi. G. Hubbard: 131 (Habitats of Mezium.) Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 96. p. 5, Bull. Robertsy Gave. 132 (Notes on beetles.) Bull. Bkl. K. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 77-9. Saunders, William. 133 Insects injurious to the White Pine Pinus strobus.
Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario, for 1883,
1884, p. 52—59.
Several beetles are reported wpon. Saunders, W. E. 134 Insects injurious to drugs.
Ca. Ent, 1883, v. 15, p. 81—83,
Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario for 1883,
1884. p. 29—-30.
Mentions six beetles. Schaupp, F. G. 135 On the occurrence of Amphicoma (lupina).
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 83. Flying over the sand at Coney Is- land, New York.
136 Hints for raising larvae.
Bull, Bkl. E. S,
16—I9.
137 List of Carabidae, found in the neighborhood of New York City.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 29 to
32; 71—72.
Annotated list of about 214 species. 138 Sea-shore collecting.
Bull, Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 36. Notes on a few Carabide.
139 Synoptic table of Bradycellus.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 50.
140 Larva of Galerucella sagittariae Gyll. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 54.
traced
Coleopterous
1883, v. 6, p. II;
Jae
141 The species of Cicindelidae.
“ Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 73 to 108, plates.
142 Remarks and descriptions of new species (of Cicindelidae).
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 6, p. 121 to 124, figures.
Schwarz, E. A. 143 Insects affecting drugs.
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 140; Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario for 1883, 1884, p. 30.
Adds Lasioderma serricorne and Oryphalus jalappee to the list given by W. E. Saunders.
144 Injury done by Colaspis tristis.
Am, Nat, 1883, v. 17, p. 978. Destruction of the terminal shoots of the pear and peach.
145 Coleoptera infesting Prickly Ash.
Am, Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1288—9.
146 Habits of Blaps and Embaphion,
Am. Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. 76. 147 Carabidae confined to single plants. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 6, p. 135-6. Morio monilicornis and ? Psy- drus piceus under pine bark, Dro- mius atriceps in stems of grass and Onota floridana between leaf- ribs of Cabbage palmetto.
148 Notes on the food-habits of some N.A. Rhynchophora.
Bull. Bk). E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 84-5. Sharp, D.
149 Revision of the species included in the genus Tropisternus (fam. Hydro- philidae.
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. oI—I117. Shufeldt, R. W.
150 Observations upon a collection of Insects made in the vicinity of New Orleans, La., during the years 1882 and 1883.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1884, v. 7, p. 331—38. List of species, copy from Riley of notes and figures of a luminous larva. Smith, J. B. 151 New Mordellidae and Notes. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 80-1.
152 Mordellidae, Notes & Descriptions. Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 3—5. 153 Synopsis of the Apioninae of North America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11, p. 41—68, plate 3. Snow, F. H. 154 Additions to the list of Kansas Cole- optera in 1881 and 1882. Trans. Kans. Acad. v. 8, p. 58. Not seen. 155 Trogoderma tarsale as a Musenm pest. Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199, (from Psyche v. 3). Stejneger, L. 156 Contributions to the history of the Commander Island. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, v. 6, p. 58-—89. A few families and genera are mentioned. Stone, George H. 157 Epilachna corrupta as an injurious insect. Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 198—-99. Feeding on blackwax beans. Townsend, C. H. T. 158 On the variation of the elytral mark- ings in Cicindela sexguttata. Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 205—8. 159 Further remarks upon the variation of the elytral markings in Cicindela sexguttata. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 125—27. 160 The proportion of the sexes_in Ci- cindela vulgaris Say and other notes on the species. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 227—3I. 161 Note on the inequality of the elytra in Alaus oculatus. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 238—39. Troop, James. 162 Strawberry Pests. Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 91, p. 6, Bull. Notes on Tyloderma fragarice and Otiorhynchus ligneus. Van Wagenen, G. H. 163 (Abundance of Galeruca xanthome- laenae in New York; Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 160. Williston, S. W. 164 Protective secretions of a species of Eleodes. Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—69.
(To be continued.)
New species of Californian Moths. By Henry Epwarps. FAM. AZEGERIADAE.
Pyrrhotaenia Elda, n. sp. (?)
Closely allied to P. helianthi, P. fragarie and P. Behrensii. The forewings are bright bluish green, with the internal margin fiery copper red, this color being broadest at the base, ceasing before reaching the interior angle. The lower wings are fiery copper red, the fringes of both pairs golden purple. Front, pectus, palpi, sides of thorax and abdomen, caudal tuft, three posterior se ments of abdomen, fore femora, and all the tibiz fiery copper red. Both pairs of wings are quite opaque. Beneath there is on secondaries a black discal spot, and the upper wings are coppery red with a purple flush, ‘and purplish toward the posterior half.
It is by no means unlikely that this is the Q of P. Behrensu, the lower wings of which are transparent. and should this prove to be the case it may also be concluded that P. Aelandhi with opaque wings is the Q of P. fragari@, in which the wings are transparent. The fact of the different disposition of the abdominal band is against this conclusion, but a careful study of the group has convinced me that the sexes differ considerably, and in P- animosa Hy. Edw., described in Papilio, Vol. 3, p. 156, they are distinguished by the character referred to, the lower wings of the 5 being transparent, while those of the Q are opaque. In other of the genera this peculiarity appears, especially so in Sanna exitiosa Walk., and in /w/ua denudata Harr., and I shrewdly suspect that AZe/itta (Sesta) grande Streck. will prove to be the Gj of AZ. gloriosa Hy. Edw. 1 have seen none but j\J' of the former of these species and none but 9 9 of the latter. But further observation is needed, and we may have some time to wait for definite conclusions as the insects are remarkably rare, P. Elda is the size of P. Behrensii (20 mm.) and is described from 2 Q taken in Siskiyou Co, California, by Mr. James Behrens.
FAM. BOMBYCIDAE.
Nadata Behrensii, n. sp.
Paler in color than either N. gibbosa or N. Doubledayi, the markings therefore standing out in bolder relief. The apex of the primaries greatly produced: and the scalloped margins strongly defined, The anterior line is more bent in on the costa towards the base, thus leaving a much wider space between it and the posterior line than in either of the other two species. The white discal spots are ovate in shape, not round as in N, gibbosa. and they are surmounted by a very conspicuous dusky shade. The secondaries have a well defined median band, which in the J is paler than the ground color of the wing, but in the Q somewhat darker. The underside is very pale buff, almost sordid white, a reddish shade on apex of primaries. and a pale brown median band common to both wings. Antennz tawny. Thorax, legs, abdomen and palpi all sordid white, the latter without black tips.
Exp. wings SS 45mm:, Q 52mm. _ Length of body 24 mm., Q 20mm. 1 Butte Co,, Cal. (R. H. Stretch). 1 Q SiskiyowCo;; (J. Behrens).
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 8
FAM. NOCTUIDAE.
Catocala Andromache, n. sp.
Alhed to C, Desdemona Hy. Edw. (Papilio, Vol. 2, p. 15) but much smaller, and with confused and indistinct markings to the upper wings. Their color is green- ish drab, the lines all with darker shadings above and below them, and more regular in their outline than in (, Desdemona. The basal half-line is almost obsolete, the t-a much produced outwardly in the middle, while the t-p has a strong tooth outwardly on the third subcostal vein, Reniform and subreniform almost lost in the speckled sur- face of the median space. Secondaries dull orange, dusky at base and along the abdom- mal margin. Median band as in C, Desdemona, widest in the centre, and sharply produced into a hook, which reaches the abdominal edge. Marginal band white at the apex, narrowing suddenly in the center, and abruptly and broadly cut by the orange field leaving an ovate black spot at the anal angle. Underside dull orange, the primaries bearing a broad black median band, the apex also being broadly black. In the specimen before me, the marginal band is divided by an orange dash as it ap- proaches the internal, angle. Band of secondaries as on upper side,
Exp. wings 44 mm. Length of body 20 mm.
1 of near San Hernardino, Cal. Collection of J. Akhurst.
No other yellow winged Catocala is known to me from California except C, Zoe Behr., which belongs to another section of the genus.
FAM. GEOMETRIDAE.
Triphosa pustularia, n. sp. (?)
In this singular form the primaries are blackish brown, with the posterior mar- gins, a square patch in the middle of the dark posterior space, and three or four large patches on the costa, pale fawn color, These marks are in very strong contrast with the ground shade. The secondaries are also pale fawn color, with the lines dark brown, and the abdomen is brown with fawn colored band. Underside with reddish tint, strongly marked discal spot, and the lines all rather indistinct.
Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 18 mm.
16’, 1 Q. Summit, Sierra Nevada, (Hy. Edw.). 1 ¢ British Co- lumbia, (J. J. Rivers). 1 Q Soda Spring, Shasta Co.. (J. Behrens).
This may possibly prove to be an extreme variety of the well known FE. dubitata, but it is so distinct in its markings as to deserve at least a varietal name.
Triphosa badiaria, n. sp.
Ground color of both wings bright yellowish brown, with the lines, bands and discal spot of a very dark brown shade. The median dark band is of almost equal width throughout, and only slightly dentate on its edges. The base and costa are also dark brown, Above the posterior margin, which is black, are some brown lunules, the same ornamentation being carried around the margin of the secondaries, which are dusky for their basal half. Underside dull fawn brown, discal spots very distinct, but the lines only faintly marked. Thorax and abdomen yellowish brown.
Exp. wings 40 mm. Length of body 16 mm.
1 Q. Shasta Co, Cal., (Hy. Edw. ).
Certainly a distinct species, which cannot, I think, be at all referred to any known form,
—51—
A note on Scotocryptus. By Grorcre H. Horn, M.D.
The above genus was indicated by Girard (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1874, p. 574) fora blind Si/phide but was not sufficiently described to enable me to place it with certainty in my tables of genera. Recently Dr. Sharp has received a second species and realizing the difficulty above alluded to deals more fully with the generic characters (Comptes-rendus, Soc. Ent. Belg. Feb. 1885).
The anterior coxz are transverse and moderately prominent and their cavities enclosed by the meeting of the epimera and prosternum., By the system suggested by me these characters place the genus in the Antsotomini as indicated in my Revision (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1880, p. 319) and with the help of Dr. Sharp's notes its place seems immediately
alter Agarwophagus and before instead of after Lzodes. The absence of eyes is otherwise unknown to me in the Anzso/omintd and it would be in- teresting to know whether the posterior coxz are separated as is often the case in blind insects, although no mention of this is made either by Sharp or Girard and the very poor figure given by the latter seems to in- dicate that they are contiguous.
The tarsi on all the feet are three-jointed. To this character Dr. Sharp attributes considerable value and makes it the sole groundwork for the separation of a tribe which he places between the Amzso/omini and Choivini, From my own studies this numerical reduction of the several joints is only another step in the direction so plainly indicated in the genera already known. In order that the idea may be more readily grasped the genera may be disposed in the following order, the numbers referring to the tarsal joints:
Triarthron 5—5—5, CQ. Amphicyllis 5—5—4, <o. Stereus Goan bo iG). Oe Ae ae Hydnobius 5-—5—s, ( Q. Agathidium 5—5—4, C. Dietta 5—5—5, JO ?. 54-4, Q. Anogdus 5—5—4, Jd Q. 4A Aon Anisotoma 5—5--4, 6 Q. Agaricophagus 4—3—3, ¢ Q. Colenis 5-5-4, do Q. Aglyptus 4-3-3, dQ. Cyrtusa See On) 3 8e ay) oe Isoplastus 5—5—4, J. Scatoegy pis, "3—3--2, if Oe 544, Oi Liodes 5—5—4, o. 5-44, 9.
In a study of the above arrangement it will be seen that Scolocrypt us follows naturally the course indicated by the genera which precede it. In order that the numerical combinations shall be complete several new
genera will have to be discovered, and the missing genera may be hypo- thetically indicated as far as the tarsal structure by any one whose inclin- ations run that way.
In the tribe Claméini the tarsi are 4-4-4 in both sexes in the three genera known to me. .
The antenne of the Azzsofomini exhibit a somewhat similar tendency to numerical modifications: first, by having nine or ten joints; second, by the variation of the number of joints composing the club, being either three, four or five.
In view of the facts above presented I cannot adopt the course of Dr. Sharp in separating Scofocrypius as a distinct tribe based on the num- ber of tarsal joints, while the absence of eyes is but rarely of generic value and in some instances merely sexual,
SYNONYMICAL NOTES.
My attention has been called by Mr. S. Henshaw to the omission of the following species from my list of those described by Mr. Newman. GrorcE H. Horn.
Catogenus puncticollis, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1839, p. 399 == C. rufus Fabr. Endomychus perpulcher, Ent. Mag. V, p. 390 = Mycetina perpulchra Newm. Schizotus cervicalis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 374.
Cicindela ventralis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 414.
The species is not recognizably described, the name is preoccupied and should be dropped.
o> oa 0 me
Ae:
The next meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science will be held at Ann Arbor, Mich., commencing August 26th, 1885. The Entomological Club will meet at that place on August 25th according to its by-laws: exact locality not yet determined.
Will those members of the Club, or other Entomologists who ex: pect to be present, please notify one of the undersigned, and also send in the title of any papers they expect to read, and the length of time they expect to occupy, so that a programme can be arranged. The exact place and hour of meeting, as well as the programme so far as fixed, will be published later.
Chairman: John B. Smith, Brooklyn, N.Y. Herbert Osborn, Ames, Iowa, B. Pickman Mann, Washington, D.C. Committee.
On the identity of Cyaniris ladon of Cramer with C. pseud- argiolus of Boisduval and Leconte.
By Artuur G. Butter, F.L,S., F.Z.S.L.
In the third volume of his ‘‘Description de Papillons exotiques”, pl. CcLxx, D, E; Cramer figures a blue Zycenzd under the name of Papilio /adon; in his text p. 141 he says—‘'On 7’ a /rouve au Cap de bon Espér- ance”.
In his Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. rx, p. 678, Godart describes the species and repeats Cramer's locality.
Mr. Trimen, “Rhopalocera Africee Australis” p. 252, again describ- es the species but says at the end of his deseription—‘‘The only example I have seen is the (' specimen in the British Museum”. !
The specimen mentioned by Trimen bears a label referring to, the Old Museum Register in which I find P. Zadon Cram. a. S. Africa ?, the locality having evidently been assumed from the fact that Cramer gives Cape of Good Hope as the habitat of the species.
The specimen described by Mr. Trimen is the form of C. pseudargi- olus to which Mr, W. H. Edwards has given the name of Lycena margin- ata; it does not wholly agree with Cramer’s figure, the latter being rep- resented by a form nearer to the Lyv@na violacea of Edwards and differ- ing from Z. margina/a in the absence of the brown marginal suffusion only; a series of this—the typical form of C. Zadon—was in the ‘Zeller’ collection labelled as Lycena /ucia; two specimens of typical LZ. Zuta stood with the series, which was obtained from Maine, U.S.A.
The date of publication of Cramer’s species is 1782, that of the de- scription of pseudargiolus is 1833; so that there can be no question as to the priority of the name C’ /adon, the only pity is that M. Boisduval should have failed to recognize the species owing to the false locality given by Cramer.
et
Notes and News.
In No. 1, Vol. VIII of the Journal of the Cincinnati Soc. of Nat. Hist. p. 49 is a translation of an article from the ‘‘Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France” 3me series, Vol. XII, p. 676, ef seg., entitled ‘“‘On the tracks of Insects resembling the impression of plants’. In it are described the tracks or tunnels made by a species of mole cricket just under the surface of a clay soil, and the superficial resemblance of these elevations to stems of certain species of plants is pointed out. It is suggested that if by any chance such a track were preserved in, or im- pressed on sandstone, it might very easily be mistaken for a fossil Brachy-
phyllum or Phymatoderma. The article is of great interest, presenting an- other difficulty to the student of fossil remains. * : *
Mr. L. O. Howard writes us that during the month of December enormous numbers of the great water-bug—Lelosioma grandis—were at- tracted to the electric lights in New Orleans. In the late evening the pavements along Canal Street were seen almost swarming with disabled specimens of this insect, and many thousands were destroyed by being crushed under foot. He states that he was well aware of the readiness with which this species is attracted by light, but was hardly prepared for such a scene as this. The large water beetle—Cydister fimbriolatus—
was also attracted with the Beiostoma, but in smaller numbers.
* * *
Dr. Hagen informs us that the Collection of Lepidoptera heretofore at the Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass., is now in his charge at Cam- bridge. The move isa good, and very necessary one. The collection contains many of Dr. Packard’s and some of Mr. Morrison’s types, and was slowly going to dust and Amfhrenus when last we saw it.
* * *
Lt. Casey has also donated his collection to the Museum at Cam- bridge. Having been ordered to California on military duty he was un- able to take the collection with him and thus disposed of it. With Coleoptera, the Museum is now fairly well supplied.
* * *
The American Entomological Society has appointed Mr. S. F. Aaron its curator for the balance of the year, ata salary. This is a timely action, for the collections of that Society are too valuable to be allowed to go to ruin, It will be a comfort also for visitors and students to find some one that knows which family of Lepidoptera is concealed in the boxes marked Hymenoptera ete.
* * *
We understand that Prof. Baird, Director of the U.S. National Mu- seum has decided to appoint an assistant Curator of the Department of Insects in that Museum, ata salary of $1500 per annum, and that Prof. Riley the Honorary Curator, in view of the fact that this action will secure the permanent care of collections, in case of his death or re- moval from Washington, has decided to turn over to the Museum all his own collections, the larger part of which are already deposited in the Museum, Also that increased attention will be given this Department after July first. Prof. Riley is now looking for a competent man to take the place and will be glad to receive applications.
* * *
apa eae
It may be of some interest to learn how much ofa collection the National Museum can at present boast of From data kindly furnished by Prof. Riley, the following has been compiled.
Ist: Collection, C. V. Riley, 17,725 species with 115,058 specimens, divided as follows: Hymenoptera 2,550 species, 24,796 spec. ; Coleoptera g,058 species, 48,618 spec.; Diptera 699 species, 5,646 spec. ; Lepidop- tera 2,368 species, 17,098 spec.; Hemiptera 1,134 species, 8,862 spec. ; Orthoptera 560 species, 6,903 spec.; Neuroptera 160 species, 868 spec.; Arachnidze and Myriapoda 110 species, 425 spec.; Galls and Gall in- sects 734 species, 4,152 specimens; the balance miscellaneus and Insect
Architecture. There is also an alcoholic collection, principally of adolescent states,
containing 2,850 vials, and a collection of some 3000 slides of minute insects and larvae mounted in Canada Balsam.
2nd: Collection of Department of Agriculture. Containing a large lot of material accumulated in the practical work of the division, and by the collections of its employees. It contains about 5000 species-—mostly exotic—not in the Riley collection. E
3rd; Collection of the National Museum. This is the poorest of the lot, and consists principally of the material sent in during the past three years from all sources. There are about 2000 species not in either of
the other collections. 4th: The exhibit collection of Economic Entomology prepared
for the New Orleans Exhibition, valuable for its economical interest. A catalogue of this has been printed.
This forms a good nucleus, and in charge ofa competent and enter- prising curator it will quickly take rank as one of the most important in the country. The large collection of larvee forms a distinct and decided addition to its value.
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Mm the Proc. Ac. N. Sc. 1885, D. 24, Mr, Strecker describes a new Colias (lis), from the Rocky Mts, on the boundary between the U. S. and British America. Mr. Strecker says: *‘It is an act of temerity to de- scribe a Colias as new under any circumstances in these days, and doub- ly so to describe it from examples of the female sex alone, yet I have no apprehension that the above insect will not stand as a valid species.”
Mr. Strecker is usually not much of a splitter, and it is somewhat curious that he should feel so positive of his new species, while Mr. W. H. Edwards, who has been strongly suspected of a leaning to numerous species, contends that it is nothing but a slight variation of a well known western form—JZeadi I believe. It will be something new to find Mr. Edwards trying to prove species identical.
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Mr. Strecker also (loc. cit. p. 26) describes a specimen of Cecropra with an extra primary, or rather the rudiment of one. Rather an in- teresting and rare monstrosity!
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In the May No. of the ‘‘Correspondenzblatt des Entomologischen Vereins ‘Iris’ zu Dresden”, Mr. J. ROber describes a similar monstrosity of Limenitis popul’; the specimen is a <j‘, and has besides four normally complete wings an additional left secondary, equal to a fragment con- taining the first three veins.
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Mr. Hulbert writes us from New Britain Conn. that Antho haris genutia is not uncommon near that place on rocky hills. __ It flles with a jerky motion, which renders it easily distinguishable from Prerzs rapa with which its white color might cause it to be confounded.
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Lt. T. L. Casey in his new location is not idle—he has sent us some ‘‘Miscellaneous Notes’, from which we cull the following:
The description of a somewhat singular deformity may be of some interest. The specimen is one ofa large series and of a species of Eleodes, very common about San Francisco; it is remarkably uniform in sculpture, being very smooth and polished with minute and_ sparse punctuation. In this specimen, however, the left elytron is entirely cover- ed with a regular’series of small closely placed costae which are confused- ly and conspicuously though minutely rugulose, and separated by well- marked strix; the right elytron is of the normal smoothness. The con- trast between the two is so great that it almost seems as if the left elytron had been removed and another of exactly the same form but of a roughly sculptured species had been substituted.
I cannot account for this eccentricity except possibly that in bygone ages the species was roughly sculptured, and that by reason of compar- atively recent changes of condition and modification of surroundings it has become smooth. The phenomenon could then be considered to be the result of an effort on the part of nature to bring to light its pristine features, in the same manner as in the human species, where as is well known, characteristics of ancestors long since passed away, frequently re-assert themselves in the children of after generations.
Involuntary Movement after Death.
A chicken jumping spasmodically about after its head has been severed and after actual death has taken place is a familiar sight to most of us. These movements are simply the result of involuntary contract-
ions and relaxations of the muscles, and are analogous to a phenomenon which I have noticed in beetles. but of course on a much more extended scale. On several occasions while examining minute Staphvlinide which had been dead thirty hours or more, with ordinary powers of the mi- croscope, 1 was surprised to find a feeble motion in the outer joints of the antenne. This motion was a gentle and irregular waving to and fro, the base of the organ being periectly rigid, and reminding me of similar twistings often to be observed in the tip of a cat’s tail when the base of that appendage is entirely motionless. ‘These movements have undoubtedly been noticed and recorded before, and they are simply men- tioned here because it may be suppesed that so small and slender an insect, having been in alcohol for twelve hours and gummed for about the same or longer period subsequently, would have become so dry and rigid as to prevent any such movement.
I was very careful to see that no draughts or other disturbing causes could give rise to this singular action. oe
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In our next number we shall commence a very interesting article on ‘Bees and other hording insects; their specialization into females, males and workers”. For the Lepidopterists, who may perhaps think their in- terests rather neglected thus far, we have a supply of literature, which we shall present at an early date.
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Book Notices.
Report of the Entomologist, Charles V. Riley, M. A., Ph. D., for the year 1884.
Washington, Govt. Printing Office, 1885. From the Report of the Dept. of Agri- culture for 1884, pp. 285—418 and plates I to X.
The public is accustomed to careful and valuable Reports from Prof. Riley, and this is not behind the others. As usual, a number of new species of economic interest are described and illustrated and the life histories of quite a number are worked out. Cabbage insecis are pro- minently treated of and the life history of several Noctuid species is given. Reports on special subjects studied by field agents during the summer of 13884 occupy a portion of the Report and treat of pests that for some reason have attracted unusual attention. ‘Ten plates illustrate the insects treated of and their life habits, and still further enhance the value of the Report.
“Descriptions of North American Chalcidide from the collections of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and of Dr. C. V. Riley, with Biological Notes. To- gether with a list of the described North American Species of the Family, by L. O. Howard. M. Sc., Assistant, Bureau of Entomology.”’
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. ; 3
This paper is issued as Bulletin No. 5 of the Bureau of Entomology and its scope is sufficiently set forth in its title. Mr. Howard has for some time past made a special study of the parasitic Hymenoptera, and ve are pleased to see some of the results of his patient and_ persistent labor. Six sub-families are embraced in the present paper. All the genera and a large number of new species are described. ‘The paper is a valuable addition to the literature of this most interesting order,
Catalogue of the Exhibit of Economic Entomology at the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans 1884-—85. Washington, (Dept. of Agriculture) 1884, pp. I—95.
Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republico Arg- entina) Tome VII, Entraga I, 2 et 3. Buenos Aires 1884, pp. I—392. [All oc- cupied by an article on the Staphylindze of Buenos Aires, by Félix Lynch Arri— bilzaga].
Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Coleopterology of North America. Part II. By Thos. L. Casey, Lieut. of Eng’rs, U. 8. A. Philadelphia, December 1884, pp. 61—108.
Mr. Casey has here given us a pamphlet, for which, with the best possible intentions, it is impossible to say a word of praise. He describes y3 new species, several of them in genera that have not yet been worked up. ‘Thus there are several new species of Bembidium, or as Mr. Casey calls it ‘‘Bembidion”; a new Zachys which it takes over a page of brevier type to describe, which is two millimeters long, and is unique. Such de- scriptions are aggravating, for their minuteness of detail, and after all they amount to nothing but additional names for the lists.
There are also three new species of Cra/acan/hus based on color and proportion of parts. This, in our opinion is unwarranted; duéius is an exceedingly variable form, and every species described by Mr, Casey is represented in our series.
Mr. Casey in his introductory remarks, stated that he used a bin- ocular microscope with mechanical universal-jointed stage clip for hold- ing the pin. ‘This as we can testify from personal inspection is a fine instrument, but the great difficulty is that it exaggerates unimportant characters—every individual has peculiarities, in which it differs from “other individuals of the same species, and Mr. Casey’s careful descript- ions are individual, and not characteristic of species, Mr. Casey entirely fails to make any allowance for variation. His illustration in reference to astronomical minutness of detail is totally inapplicable. ‘This science has for its aim the discovery of the /aws regulating stellar motions. ‘These Jaws are immutable—there is no allowance to make for variations; while in the Coleoptera there are scarcely two specimens exactly alike.
We think a great deal of Mr. Casey, and believe him to be a close observer, a careful and conscientious student, and able to take a high rank as a coleopterist; nevertheless, or for that very reason, we are very sorry to receive such a paper from him It is an obstacle, rather than an aid to students, and we think that some day Mr. Casey will say of this as Dr. Leconte did of one of his early papers—I quote from memory — “One of the crude results of my earlier studies was a monograph of the genus Pasimachus, where, being then inexperienced in the recognition of species, individual characters were given a value which subsequent studies and material proved they did not possess’. He adds that he should have considered it a favor, had the manuscript been returned to him for revision or declined, bes: Revised Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of America, North of Mexico,
by W. H. Edwards. ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XI, 1884, pp. 94, [Issued February 18th, 1885].
This brings the list of species to the beginning of 1885. A notable feature is an index to genera and species, but altogether the work is hardly an improvement over the previous edition. Of course Mr. Ed- wards allows none of the conclusions of recent writers on butterflies to influence him in his estimation of species.
Notes on the Systematic Position of some North American Lepidoptera, by John B. Smith. Trans. Am, Ent, Soc. XII, pp. 77-—84, pl. III, [February 1885}.
Discusses the genera classed as Zyg@nide in the lists.
On the North American Asilide (Part Il). By S. W. Williston, M.D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 53—76, (January 188s).
Contains synopses of Liphria, Mallop.ora, Promachus, Erax, and Proctocanthus. Dr, Williston here continues his monographic work, and there is now no reason, why, in the families thus classified, students should not be able to collect and arrange intelligently.
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Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 5th, 1885.—-l'wenty-one members present, Mr. Cramer in the chair, ‘The Secretary reported the correspondence with the President of the Agassiz Association, and submitted a proposition for a course of Introductory Lessons to be prepared by Members of the Society. It was resolved that the annual excursion of the Society be to Passaic Falls, Patter- son, N. J., on May 30, 1885, and Mr. Roberts was appointed a committee to ar- range details and notify members. Prof. F. Fillon was elected a member.
Mr. Angell read a paper on some variations of Chrysomela philadelphica Lee. and Scalaris Lec., leading to a belief in their specific identity. This was illu- strated by drawing of the varieties showing the gradual change of maculation
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from that typical of one form, to that typical of another.* Mr. Smith added that these variations were largely selected from material obtained by him, and there were some interesting facts as to the localities from which those specimen came. In Cambridge he collected several hundreds of C. scalaris, all perfectly alike. In the pineries of New Jersey he collected (. philadelphica, slightly variable but with no particular tendency toward scalaris. In Cape Cod both species were found, and both somewhat variable, showing a tendency to an obliteration of the lines of demarcation between species. Specimens from the Adirondacks further close the gap, while material received from Canada showed a surprising range of vari- ation and furnished most of the interesting forms completing the links between the species. ‘lhis was interesting because he had found that in both Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, species that elsewhere were constant enough showed a decided tendency to variation in the same localities. The fauna of Northern New York and Canada is one of extreme interest and deserves careful study.
Mr. Waters exhibited a specimen of Anisola Heilighrodtii together with the cocoon from which it was obtained. Mr. Hulst remarked on this, that all the other species of Anisota had naked pup and were subterranean, while here was a species apparently congeneric, which had a double cocoon like Cecropia, spun on mesquit: not a solid cocoon, but net-like, so as to show the pupa. Mr. Doll said that the geometrid Hucaterva variaria raised by him, spun a very similar co- coon, also donhle. Mr. Hy. Edwards joined the meeting after adjournment and remarked on this subject that under some circumstances the species of Datanu will spin a light cocoon among debris, so also as to most of the other Bombycide that are usually subterranean.
Entomological Society of Washington. April 2, 1885. —-Mr. Schwarz ex- hibited specimens of Rhopalopus sanguinicollis Horn and remarked that this Cerambycid is one of the few species peculiar to the mountainous regions of the Alleghanies. He contrasted this scarcity of peculiar mountainous species with the rich montane and colline faun of Europe, given as the reason of the differ- ence, the long-established cultivation of the soil in Europe by which the fauna and flora of the plants have become differentiated from those of the less cultivat- ed hills and the uncultivated mountains.
Mr. Howard made a statement in regard to the parasites of Thyridopteryx ephemereeformis. He had found the larve of Hemiteles thyridopterigis being eaten by a Chalcid larva, presumably that of the Pteromalus commonly bred from the bags of the Thyridopteryx. He generalized on the difficult distinction between primary and secondary parasites.
Dr. Marx read a paper on the Arachnide collected by Dr. Turner in North- ern Labrador. The best presented families are the Lycosoide, the Drassoidw and Tomisoide.
May 6.—Mr. Schwarz exhibited newly hatched specimens of Epicwrus im— bricatus, still possessing the mandibular appendages. One specimen illustrated the process of losing these appendages. They do not break off in one piece, but the basal third remains attached to the mandibles and must be lost at a later time.
A discussion took place between Dr. Barnard and Messrs. Stewart, Schwarz and Howard respecting the collection of Neuroptera.
* The paper with plate illustrating the varieties will appear in an early number.
MOLT, BROOKLYN, JULY, 1886, NO. 4.
Bees and other Hoarding Insects.
Their Specialization into Females, Males and Workers. *
By Epwin A. Curtey.
I beg that you will note the order in which I have mentioned the sexes. It is females and males, and not males and females. In a scien- tific discussion, I feel constrained to tell the unvarnished truth regardless of the consequences to the social fabric; and among the Hymenopéera, it is most certainly a fact, that the ladies are all-important, and the gentle- men approach as closely to perfect insignificance as it is fairly possible to conceive. The happiness ofa hundred thousand most willing slaves depends upon the mother-bee of the hive, while three thousand idle males do nothing but eat and loaf, and flit in the sunshine, in the hope of that hymenial favor which only one of their number is destined to re- ceive; while to the one that attains the one short flight in the sunshine of wedded bliss, which is the sole object of his existence, the immediate consequence 1s the sharp pain of mutilation, and then a lingering death to be promptly followed, or perhaps to be accompanied by the execution of his 2,999 insignificant and now worse than useless rivals. |
In discussing the differentiation of bees into females, males, and workers, I shall have no need to call your attention to any new discover- ies in the world of wonders among those minute creatures that we have had with us for all ages, and whose life we are just now beginning faintly ‘to understand. My illustrations will be drawn mainly from other orders, in which it will be impossible for me to make a mistake without its being readily seen by some of the general public as well as the specialists.
* Read before the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec., 29, 1884.
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The limits of this paper will not permit elaborate definitions, or fine discriminations, and I have therefore to ask that you will kindly make your own definitions. taking care to give to my words in general, the narrowest sense compatible with the use to which I apply them.
From the creatures and the plants, that man has domesticated for his use, we have learned nearly all of the lessons in heridity, which we have no good reason to unlearn, and my first illustration shall be from one of these, the barn yard fowl.
If we mate a Black Spanish fowl with a Buff Cochin, and hatch out the eggs as the bees do theirs, in an incubator, till we have a hundred chicks, among these we shall find a very great diversity. Some when fally grown will be nearly, if not quite as heavy as the Buff Cochin, and some will weigh little, ifany, more than the Black Spanish. Their re- spective weights will probably vary between those natural to their sex in the two varieties to which their progenitors belong, but much the larger number will be very nearly half way between, And as color is not neces- sarily correlated with weight, itis quite possible that the heaviest chick will be the blackest; that is to say, that he may take his color almost en- tirely from one parent, and his weight and form from the other. In color every one of tne hundred chicks will, when fully grown, be in some de- gree distinguished from every other; and if we take color, size and form together for our guide, there will not be one among the whole number that we cannot readily distinguish from every other. Now this particular cross from the great difference in size, form and color of the parent stock enables us to see very clearly a fact which the closest and most careful in- vestigation shows to be a general law It is this;
All offspring are variable by heridily, And under some circumstances the variations are wide.
Nearly every youth, who has amused himself with an aquarium, knows that he can dwarf his fish if he chooses to do so. Other things being equal, the weight of a fish depends upon the amount of food it is allowed to consume. This variability is so great among fishes, that of two as nearly alike as possible, either one may be fed so that he shall ex- ceed a pound in weight, before the other, receiving very little food, shall turn the scale at an ounce.
Thus insufficiency of food affects the development of all organs. Ail breeders of animals have some knowledge of this fact as applied to their own business, and of which our fish merely affords a striking ex- ample. It is an inevitable deduction, that when the food is of the general quality which is suitable for the due nourishment of all the organs but is insufficient in amount, the stronger organs, if such there be, will take
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more than their share, and the weaker organs will go to the wall. From this matter of food supply we have a general law, which may be stated as follows:
Living creatures are vartable from the amount and quality of thetr food. And among some orders the limits of this variation are wide.
It is scarcely necessary for me to go into the fact, that the insects being exposed to more extreme vicissitudes than the larger orders of animal life are much more variable in almost every respect. It will be interesting, however, and it may be instructive in the line of our inquiry to point out some powers of variation in sex in a very common plant, which, while they are very much greater than those of the bee, have some points of striking resemblance.
Indian Corn is pictured to the unobserving mind, as a plant bear- ing something good to eat at the side; and a tassel on the top. The botanist tells us that the tassel on the top is a male plant, that at the side is a female plant, or perhaps more than one, that all these are joined upon one stalk, and that the something good to eat, is the product of the female plant, fertilized by the pollen of the male. All this is fact as far as it goes; but it gives us no conception of the whole truth,
On going into the field in bloom, we find that nearly all of the stalks have tassels on the top; they are male plants. In a good field we shall find perhaps half of them with reproductive females at the side, say two good ears of corn toa hill. There are therefore nearly twice as many perfect males as there are of perfect females. We find also, that the undeveloped females are very numerous, from one to half a dozen on a stalk. Anda close examination shows that the number of females that become developed is almost entirely a matter of food. Such an investi- gation shows also some plants bearing only a female on the stalk and some that are entirely undeveloped in both sexes,
Thus in our field of Indian corn we have male stalks, male and fe- male stalks. female stalks, neuter stalks. And the stalks that bear deve- loped male and developed female individuals all have, (a) a male indi- vidual on the top, (0) one, two, or three females at the side, (c) one to six undeveloped females at the side. and possibly with, possibly instead of (c) they may have, (d) one to halfa dozen buds and germs of females at the side.
If, when the corn is ripe, we go with the farmer and gather a basket- ful, we shall invariably find that on each ear there are kernels less per- fectly developed than others, and we shall have every reason to believe that in the basketful there are some kernels that could not reproduce, that some kernels would reproduce, but would, under the most favorable
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circumstances give but imperfect offspring, and that there would be a very wide range in the degrees of the imperfection of the plants produced from these imperfect kernels.
As a matter of fact, the farmer in planting, selects with care the most perfect ears, and the most perfect parts only of the ears so selected, and yet we have the males, the females, and the neuters or undeveloped, for the result, as I have described them.
Indian corn is so extremely variable in this matter of sex, that care- ful experimenting in this direction would be likely to give most interest- ing results in a single lifetime.
Having now illustrated some principles of variability, and given some idea of the extent to which it may go, under our own observation, we must deal with the question before us by way of hypothesis,
Let us suppose a primitive or typical Bee among the honey seeking insects of early days. She is necessarily a creature having such attributes as are common to all species of bees which are her offspring, but in many respects she is very unlike our Hive Bee of to-day We see her at a time when this typical species has already learned the wonderful lesson of thrift. She stores honey in times of plenty to provide for times of want. She is feeding her offspring from her stores. As the keen com- petition of life goes on, she must provide for the wants of her offspring for an ever increasing period, and, as her powers in this respect are taxed to the utmost, her powers of reproduction are of necessity diminished; she produces some imperfect eggs, and she produces fewer eggs. Still the vast majority of her offspring perish, either for lack of sufficient food or as prey to natural enemies before their power of self defence are suffi- ciently developed for successful flight or resistance.
It is quite reasonable to suppose that the bee has been subjected to such vicissitudes as these. The extraordinary differences in the sizes of the various living species of bees would indicate the truth of the theory of insufficient food as far as we have yet followed it. If we have a species of bee only one-eight of an inch in length while some others are an inch and a quarter in length and stoutin proportion, it will take one thousand (1000) of these Lilliputian bees, to weigh as much as a single specimen of one of these largest species, Is it not most reasonable to suppose that this tremendous variation in size, is chiefly due to the matter of food supply, as is the well known fact in the very laige variation we can thus make in the size of an individual fish?
Now when the food supply is so very scant that the size of the off- spring is necessarily much dwarfed, evidently the weakest will die in the process of rearing; evidently also, the mother-bee whose reproductive
powers are the weakest as to the number of offspring, and whose maternal instincts are the strongest, thatis to say, the one that lays the fewest eggs and takes the best care of her young, will best succeed.
If any broods of young perish altogether from famine, it will be those that are so numerous as entirely to overtax the powers of the mother-bee in feeding them. Thus we gradually approach a time when the care of the mother-bee extends to a period in the life of the offspring, when they appreciate and respond to her affection. The offspring are still numerous and the struggle for existence is severe. The food supply is sufficient to bring the young to that point in existence when they are capable of applying with some prospect of success the instinct, that is to say, the congenital knowledge inherited from the mother. And as the mother-bee continues after this period to help them in their struggle for existence, they see and understand her assistance, and they neccessarily respond to her affection. Here is definitely established filial love, in re- sponse to maternal affection and it is necessary that this filial love should be established in strength even in this little insect, before it is possible that the specialization under consideration shall commence. It must not be supposed that the size of these tiny creatures renders them incap able of this strong feeling,—we must in this respect as in others go by the evidence of our senses and the necessities of the case. Without strong affection the whole life of these bees is quite inexplicable, while with it their conduct is the natural outcome of a certain amount of intelligence applied to certain conditions of existence.
Among all creatures nursed with a mothers care, filial love grows stronger and stronger, according to the capacity and circumstances of the offspring and the strength of that affection which calls it forth. But when the time for mating approaches the young seek other relationships and so far as it is incompatible with these does filial love decay.
But what happens if the young are by nature incapacitated for these other relationships? ,
Then filial love necessarily grows with the individual and strengthens with her strength.
The mating instinct may be almost or wholly lacking; and if wholly lacking, then all of that part of the highly nervous organization, inherited from the mother that is devoted to the affections, will have no other out- let than in filial love.
The common life around us, and man himself will perhaps afford us some partial illustrations of this necessary law. The best illustration outside of the insect world is one of which the facts may be easily ascer- tained by any person who will make the inquiry.
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The breeding of mules is an important industry. The horse and the ass are capable of strong affection, but their colts seldom develope a filial love which has a controling influence on their adult life.
But the mule, the hybrid between the male ass and the female horse, except in very rare instances is congenitally incapable of reproducing its kind. It has more or less of the instinct for mating, but it necessarily does not have the strong sexual passion of a perfect equine animal. Its love for its mother however amounts to a master passion; it is not spas- modical, but it is intense and it continues as long as thére is an oppor- tunity of showing it. It is capable of transfer to another subject and those who breed mules in large numbers take a useful, instructive and amusing advantage of this fact.
When the young mules are weaned, the mothers are withdrawn from their company, and one, otherwise worthless old mare is substituted for many mothers. The poor young things turn to the good natured old mare as to a very goddess; while ‘she receives their worship with the equanimity of her sex, never hinting in the mildest terms, that it is an idolatry that should be abated, As the dilapidated goddess herself may be depended upon for her staid qualities, it follows that her worshippers are thereby kept out of mischief. And the poor mule is not a backslider, it is always a consistent worshipper.
I have stated that filial love is absolutely necessary to the specializa- tion under consideration. It should be added that it must be intense in its character and capable of replacing to a large extent the maternal in- stinct of the perfect creature.
From the fact that insufficiency of food would affect the growth of all organs we deduced the further fact that it would affect weak animals the most, giving those not congenitally perfect an irregular development. It follows also, that if a very young animal congenitally perfect, receives for a long period only sufficient food to sustain life, the organs not vital will be more or less dwarfed in their proportions, as compared to the vital organs.
For here the law of parsimony is absolute. The vital organs mus/ receive a certain supply, or the life perishes. The non-vital organs make no such imperative demand, and they consequently get less in propor- tion. And an organ that is entirely useless to the life of the individual, would under such circumstances receive no nourishment whatever; ex- cepting only as it is correlated to the organs that are useful or vital. The re-productive organs of the young of all species are entirely useless to the life of the individual; their powers are latent, and excepting as they are correlated to other organs, they make no demand for nourishment. Star-
vation must therefore dwarf the reproductive organs of very young in- dividuals, in proportion to those which are very important, or absolutely necessary to life. In plants this fact is constantly shown all around us and our maize is a striking example.
The reproductive powers of swine are very great. But a young pig that is half-starved will not only have its reproductive powers very much retarded in their growth, it will have them diminished in their ulti- mate strength. This is a matter in which general observation fur- nishes the proof, I have not asked fish-culturists the question but I am absolutely certain that other things being equal, the number of fish-eggs will depend upon the size and thrift of the individual, and these, other things being equal depend upon the question of food.
It is easy to imagine a possible case among the vertebrates or even the mammals in which a perfectly normal organism by long continued insufficiency of food, is allowed a slow development of those organs that are absolutely necessary for its life, and of the others most nearly corre- lated to these, while the organs of reproduction, in the incipient or un- developed stage in which they were when starvation commenced, still remain till they become fixed and immutable notwithstanding any a- bundance of food that may be given at a later period of life.
Let us now go back to tne variability of eggs as shown by our hun- dred chicks or the variability of seeds as shown by our ears of corn. This variability is variability of the germs, and this is congenital variabil- ity. This variability as shown in the hundred chicks gives us from three to six pounds for their adult weight and they all differ in color, form, or both.
We take no account at present of the fact that our primitive bee as shown by her offspring of to-day was far more variable than fowls, but we note that she was a hoarding insect, gathering with great care and in- dustry in good times, food for times of scarcity; that she supplied her young from her stores; and that they responded to her maternal cares with filial affection.
We left her at a time when the struggle for existence was keen and some of her offspring starved through no fault of her own. She was ex- hausted with a constant search for food and the cares of a numerous and starving family.
This necessarily involved the fact that her reproductive system was quite out of balance. she was incapable of producing as many eggs as her progenitors, and many of those that she did produce were imperfect.
Of these imperfect eggs some addled and some hatched out imper- fect offspring.
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At this point we proceed to inquire into the nature of the imper- fections of the offspring.
There would probably be quite a variety in these defects, One might be wanting in legs, another deficient in wings,’ another insane, another deaf, another possibly congenitally blind, or perhaps wanting in that sense, whatever it is, by which ants and bees intelligently converse with their fellows.
All of these and many other congenital defects are possible and even probable, because we see them in other and the least changeable orders and species of creatures.
But the greatest in number of all the very important defects, would be defects of the reproductive organs; because they are the organs in the mother which have been most affected by her unfortunate environment.
Under these circumstances, what must become of all the imperfect offspring in a sharp struggle for existence?
Manifestly all wanting in legs, or wings, or eyes, or in any organs necessary for quick and intelligent movements in attacking or resisting enemies, or in collecting food, must die at an early age, notwithstanding any possible care of the mother. ;
Manifestly none of those defective in the reproductive organs would so die, unless they were also defective in some other particular, unless indeed the struggle became so keen, that perfect and imperfect went to the wall together.
Manifestly also, these insects, thus congenitally imperfect in the re- productive organs, would have a great advantage over all others in the struggle for existence, /rom the time at which the reproductive period in those others commenced.
If altogether incapable of reproduction, they would have vitality enough for themselves and a surplus to expend.
The energy inherited from the hardworking progenitors would be too great for idleness. ‘The surplus must be expended at the dictates of love or hate. Hate, beyond that healthy indignation at attack or imposi- tion which is necessary to self-protection, is unnatural to such beings. * But they have one to love, and that is the mother. The perfect offspring depart to reproduce their kind, and the one, two, three, or the dozen, of the imperfect ones, stay behind with the mother bee, or if she dies they transfer their affection to some one of their perfect sisters.
Now another hoard of honey must be gathered, and another lot of eggs laid, hatched out and cared for. The female bee works industriously,
* Lubbock’s instances of ants attacking strangers and not rescuing friends by no means demonstrates the opposite of this proposition,
PEGo2=
and true to her instinct, denies herself of necessary food, that she may lay by the more for her future offspring.
And now these creatures, happy in their deprivation, capable of supplying their own wants with ease, insist on gathering food for the mother-bee. She takes it with eagerness, tastes and stores it away. And after the young are hatched out, the like attempt to feed the mother-bee results in feeding them. ‘Thus this family have for a time a great ad- vantage in the struggle for existence and there is a perfectly adequate motive for the conduct of the kind little creatures. who minister to the wants of the mother-bee.
Sull this happy familv is not precisely the foundation of our modern bee-hive; it is really too affluent for complete success,
The mother-bee, no longer overworked, recovers her health and un- fortunately lays perfect eggs; with the help of the nursemaids she rears her young without overtaxing her powers. Her family and any others like it have very decided advantages over the old type, to which never- theless they inevitably revert, to fall into a state of starvation as before; for, in this family, the nursemaids have and can have, no probable suc- cessors while there is plenty to eat.
If this happens to one family of bees, it will probably happen to many families. The temporary affluence of one family caused by the pre- sence of the helpers will itself increase the depth of poverty in the neigh- boring families, and this poverty will give them helpers in undeveloped bees in the next generation, by which in turn they will be raised to af fluence. Thus there will be alternating generations of bees, that is to say generations with helpers, followed by generations without them.
Among those that go forth from the mother-nest to find mates and rear families of their own, are some that are congenitally weak in the re- productive organs. The majority of these meet with sound mates and the variation dies out. But some individuals thus congenitally imper- fect, meet with like mates, The congenital weakness of the reproductive organs is intensified in the offspring. The majority are perhaps so im- perfect as not to be able to reproduce their kind. Any of these that reach maturity will be glad helpers of the mother-bee.
Their less imperfect brothers and sisters are defective in many de- grees, The offspring of one never reach maturity. Those of another nearly all thrive and there are a dozen reproductive females among them,
In their migrations at swarming time these bees sometimes become established near less affluent families, congenitally perfect, and are some- times crossed with them,
Here we have the bees in a condition of the greatest variability as
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. Tk
to reproductive powers, but all of those that are getting on well in the world have among their offspring some that cannot reproduce, and help- ers are consequently numerous.
About this time the paupers are established as a distinct variety. Sick and discouraged with the unsuccessful battle of life, they are more or less tolerated in the affluent families of their neighbors. But when they have recovered their bodily strength, they have not also regained their mental balance. They have become accustomed to a life of toler- ated dependence; so they live in the nest and lay eggs to be reared by their industrious neighbors. Sometimes the imposition becomes too great for good nature to stand and there may bea terrible slaughter of the innocent paupers and their offspring. ‘The ones however that most nearly resemble the useful members of the community escape destruction and thus are established the Cuckoo-Bees, their similation of virtue being ever the closer as indignation increases at their vice.
The varieties become extremely numerous; many of them however becoming rapidly extinct. At first in all families where there are help- ers there are almost or perhaps quite as many undeveloped males; but this being for bees, a hurtful variation the tendency of natural selection is to their diminution. On the whole those families are the most suc- cessful in which there are the largest number of undeveloped females.
All this time experience is being gathered in the mothers and differ- entiated and stored in their systems, to re-appear as instinct and_ intelli- gence in the offspring.
Sometimes the most affluent families come to want, and perfect fe- males are dwarfed in their reproductive organs by scarcity of food and are only capable of being helpers.
From all this diversity there is at last a type evolved which is on the whole the best for the majority of the bees. This type is one in- volving a degree of imperfection in the reproductive organs of all offspring unless highly stimulating food in large quantity is supplied from a very early stage of growth. ‘Thus the normal product is simply a helper and the number of males and females in proportion to the number of helpers and the food supply is a matter entirely under the control, not of chance nor of the mother, but of the community. ‘This then, I think, is the foundation of the Hive-Hee family, the highest type of the flying Hy- menoptera.
As instinct enlarges and intelligence increases, the helpers take more and more upon themselves the care of the household. ‘They be- come pre-eminently the workers, and their officious interference is con- tinually stopping the mother-bee’s toil, and stuffing her with the best
food they can obtain. She gives herself up more and more exclusively to the work of reproduction, and her powers increase till she becomes capable of changing food into eggs and individually starting a hundred thousand existences in her single lifetime.
Between this highest type of the bee and the lowest, we find several hundred varieties all capable of explanation, either as progressive or re- trogressive, developments from our primitive bee. Many of them are highly specialized in their social habits, and it seems to me that all those that have two fully developed sexes and one or more undeveloped sexes, must neccessarily have thrift, intelligence and love, as the foundation with- out which it is impossible that such creatures should of themselves build up such a singular condition.
It seems to me that hunger, something approaching starvation, is necessary as a beginning of the specialization. Now we all know that from their capacity to increase with enormous rapidity, some insects are subject to great vicissitudes in the matter of food. The locusts, for in- stance, increase in numbers till having eaten everything in their native habitat, they leave it in dense masses that obscure the heavens, and which devastate vast regions. Of the next brood, immensely more vast in numbers than even these, comparatively a small remnant reach maturity, and scarcely any reproduce their kind. The race grows up again from the few starved individuals too weak to leave the old habitat and of which a few managed to survive long enough to lay some eggs. Those doubt- less produce many imperfect insects, but these specializations are not use- ful to the race in this case, and they cannot survive. I think it likely however, that man could specialize locusts and many other insects in this way without difficulty. Ithink it likely that he could with great care so specialize fish and possibly fowls and with great patience and much difficulty some of the mammals. I think also that if mules were from a thrifty hoarding stock like squirrels they would be in the habit of feeding the old mare as the workers feed the mother-bee. But while it may be allowable to mention these as interesting possibilities | do not propose to discuss them in this paper.
There is another element which is, I think, very important in fixing the definite type of the workers, and whicn I had intended to discuss. But while I think that element important in the bee and_ perhaps abso- lutely necessary for the still higher specialization of the ant, I think also that a permanent body of workers is necessarily evolved from the condi- tions which I have assumed as natural and proper to the primitive bee.
To recapitulale in few words:
—72—
I presuppose a primitive bee fertile and affectionate, hoarding and intelligent.
I show that great want will necessarily diminish the number of her eggs.
That it will render some eggs imperfect by deranging the repro- ductive organs of the mother.
That consequently some of the offspring will be defective in the re- producing organs.
That while other imperfect bees will generally die before maturity, those imperfect only in the reproductive organs, will live if the perfect offspring live.
That some of these being incapable of mating, will not go away for that purpose, but will stay with the mother-bee.
_ That having surplus energy to expend, they will use it in accord- ance with the instinct of the race, in gathering and storing food.
‘That the surplus food will be utilized by the mother-bee, and that therefore this family will be affluent.
‘That being affluent the formerly overtaxed mother will recover her health, and that her offspring will thereafter be perfect.
That consequently these nursemaid-bees will have no successors, and the family will therefore be again reduced to want.
That some bees of the same hatch with the nursemaids will be con- genitally imperfect notwithstanding that they leave the mother and find mates.
That the offspring of congenitally imperfect bees will be extremely variable.
That some of this offspring will be unable to reproduce and _ that they will remain with the mother-bee as nursemaids or helpers.
That these helpers from the congenital imperfections of their moth- ers will have successors; substantially as is seen among the hive-bees and the humble-bees of the present day, and
That the variation thus started will eventually be reduced to a given type or types—by the survival of the fittest.
That whatever other circumstances may aid in producing the result in question, this is sufficient of itself to account for the specialization of the bee and the ant into females, males and workers.
Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North American Beetles, published in 1883—84.
By SaMuUEL HeEnsHAw.
(Continued from p. 48.)
Blac e le cleries
CICINDELIDAE.
Omus ambiguus Schaupp 142 p. 121 Cal.—Cicindela perviridis (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 79 Cal. Or. Ut. Newfld.; C. nigrior (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 79 Geo.; C. Hornii Schaupp 141 p. 80, pro anthracina |] Horn; C. graminea (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 80, Kans, Cal.; C. pacifica (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 84 Cal. Ut. Nev.; C. scabrosa (var. ) Schaupp 141 p. 84 Fla.; C. Laurentii (var.) Schaupp 141 p. $7 Cal.; C. tenuicincta (var.) Schaupp 142 p. 122 Col.: C. lunalonga Schaupp 142 p. 122 Cal.
CARABIDAE.
Bembidium vinnulum Casey 9 p. 15 Ariz.—Tachys litoralis Casey 9 p. 15, N. J. Trechus hydropicus Horn 76 p. 273 Va.—Anophthalmus audax Horn 76 p. 272 Ronald’s Cave.—Pterostichus zephyrus Casey 9 p. 2 no loc.; P. osculans Casey 9 p. 2 no loc.— Amara apachensis Casey 9 p. 3 Ariz.; A. marylandica Casey 9 p. 4 Md.; A. pallida Casey 9 p. 5 N.Y.; A. ferruginea Casey 9 p. 5 N. J.—Metabola vi- vida Bates 43 p. 298 Ariz. Mex. N. Son.—Dercylinus (nm. gy.) Chaud. 13 p. 525 pro Evolenes impressa Lec.—Discoderus robustus Horn 72 p. 52 Ariz.—Harpalus lustrans Casey 7 p. 64 pro lucidus |] Lec.; H. opacus Casey 9 p. 8 Pa.; H. manhaitanis Ca-ey 9p.9N.Y., H. vespertinus Casey 9 p. 10 Ariz,; H. placidus Casey 9 p. 10 N.Y.; H. convictor Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H. canonicus Casey 9 p. 12 R.J.; H. lustralis Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H. enescens Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y. R. I.—Selenophorus zeneo- piceus Casey 9 p. 13 Ariz.-—Stenolophus gracilis Casey 9 p. 14 Ariz.—Amerinus (7. 4.) Casey 9 p. 7 pro Bradycellus linearis Lec.—Bradycellus lucidus Casey 9 p. 8 Ariz.—- Tachycellus Kirbyi Horn 71 p. 51 Ont. Ohio. —Anisodactylus arizonze Casey 9 p. 6 Ariz..—Pseudomorpha angustata Horn 70 p. 16; 76 p, 274 Ariz.
DY TISCIDAE. Laccophilus lateralis Horn 76 p. 282 Ariz-—-Hydroporus palliatus Horn 76 p. 283 Cal.; H. picturatus Horn 76 p. 283 W. Nev.; H. quadriniaculatus Horn 76 p, 284 W. Nev. —Graphoderes occidentalis Horn 76 p. 281 Cal. W.T. GY RINIDAE. Gyrinus canadensis Regimbart 112 p. 159 Amer. bor. Ca.; G. corpulentus Re- gimbart 112 p. 178 Amer. bor.—Dineutes analis Regimbar't 112 p. 216 La. Tex. SILPHIDAE. Triarthron pennsylvanicum Horn 76 p. 284 Pa. PSELAPHIDAE. Tychus testaceus Casey 9 p. 31 Mass. N.Y. Mich.—bryaxis gracilis Casey 9 p. 32 Mich.; b. inopia Casey 9 p. 33 Fla.
STAPHYLINIDAE.,
Tithanis (n. g.) Casey 9 p. 16 pro Aleochara valida Lec.—Emplenota (n. 4.) Casey 9 p. 17; maritima Casey 9 p. 17 N. J.—Myrmedonia Fauveli Sharp 43 p. 199 N. Amer, U. St. Mex. —Philonthus sericinus Horn 83 p, 182 Ca, Pa, Tex.; P. nites- cens Horn 83 p, 182 Vance. W.T. Cal.; P. alutaceus Horn 83 p. 183 Cal.;_ P. per- vervus Horn 83 p. 183 Vanc.; P. bucephalus Horn 83 p. 184 Cal. Vanc.; P. gentilis Horn 83 p. 185 Ariz.; P. asper Horn 83 p, 185 Pa. D.C.; Pb. irinus Horn 83 p. 186 Tex.; P. semiruber Horn 83 p. 187 Cal. Ariz.;_ P. basalis Horn 83 p. 187 Col. B. Amer. Wy.; P. gracilicornis Horn 83 p. 190 Ariz.; P. pubes Horn 83 p. 182 W.T. Ney.; P. grandicollis Horn 83 p. 193 Cal. Vanc.; P. puberulus Horn 83 p. 193 Cal. Ariz.; P. quadricollis Horn 83 p. 194 N.Y. to Mo. Mich.; P. Theveneti Horn 83 p. 194 Cal. Nev.; P. innocuus Horn 83 p. Ig9 Ariz. P. occidentalis Horn 83 p. 200 Col. Ut. Ind. Terr. Wy.; P. Schwarzi Horn 83 p. 201 Mass. Mich.; P. hudsonicus Horn 83 p. 201 Ca. H. B. Terr.; P. Pettiti Horn 83 p. 201 W.T. Cal.; P. triangu- lum Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Nev. Cal.; P. ferreipennis Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Cal.; P. caurinus Horn 83 p. 203 Vanc. to Cal.; P. Crotchi Horn 3% p. 203 Vane. to Ariz. ; P. arizonensis Horn 83 p. 203 no loc.; P. cunctans Horn 83 p, 205 D.C.; P. eequalis Horn 83 p. 205 Ca. L. Sup.; P. quediinus Horn 83 p. 209 Mich. Kans.; P. filicornis Horn 83 p. 210 Nev.; P. versutus Horn 83 p. 211 Cal.;_ P. distans Horn 83 p. 211 Vance. Nev.; P. fallaciosus Horn 83 p. 212 Mass, Pa.; P. brevipennis Horn 83 p. 212 L. Sup.; P. crassulus Horn 83 p. 213 Nev.; P. clunalis Horn 83 p, 213 Cal.; P. par- vus Horn 83 p. 214 Ariz.; P. bidentatus Horn 83 p. 214 Cal. Vanc. W.T.; P. virilis Horn 83 p. 215 Vanc.; P. punctatellus Horn 83 p. 215 H. B. Terr. Nev.; P. mi- crophthalmus Horn 83 p. 216 Vanc. to N. Eng. & Va.;_ P. decipiens Horn 83 p. 217 Cal.; P. instabilis Horn 83 p. 218 Col. Wy.; P. picicornis Horn 83 p. 218 Nev.; P. serpentinus Horn 83 p. 219 Ky.; P. quadrulus Horn 83 p. 221 Cal. Ariz.; P. viri- danus Horn 83 p. 221 Middle States W. to Mo.; P. Lecontei Horn 83 p. 222 Cal. Col. ; P. aurulentus Horn 83 p. 222 W.T. b. Col. Col. Mich. Ky,; P. inversus Horn 83 p. 239 Col.—Actobius nanus Horn 83 p. 225 Ca. Mich. N. Engl.; A. inutilis Horn 83 p. 225 Mich. N. Engl.; A. fraterculus Horn 83 p, 226 N. Ill. Mich.; A. senilis Horn 83 p. 226 Col. Nev. Cal.; A. infimus Horn 83 p, 227 Cal.; A. ocreatus Horn 83 p. 228 Cal.; A. patella Horn 83 p. 229 Mich. N.Y.; A. loxatus Horn 83 p. 229 D.C,; A. puncticeps Horn 83 p. 230 Cal.; A. parcus Horn 83 p. 230 Mich. to D.C.; A. pusio Horn 83 p. 230 Col.; A. jocosus Horn 83 p. 232 Del. N.C.; A. jucundus Horn 83 p. 232 5. C.; A. elegantulus Horn 83 p. 232 Cal. Ariz.—Cafius seminitens Horn 83 p. 236 Cal.; C. luteipennis Horn 83 p. 237 Cal.
Dianous zephyrus Casey 10 p. 11 Vanc. B. Col.—Stenus punctiger Casey 10 p. 13 Col.; S. gemmeus Casey 10 p. 18 Geo.; 5S. bilentigatus Casey 10 p. 19 Va.; 5. sculptilis Casey 10 p. 22 Nev. Cal. W.T.; S. laccophilus Casey 10 p. 23 Ont.; S. ver- ticosus Casey 10 p. 25 Vanc. W.T.; S. tristis Casey 10 p. 27 Cal.; S. Austini Casey 10 p. 28 N. H. L. Sup. B. Col.; S. ranops Casey 10 p. 29 S. States; S. delawarensis Casey 10 p. 30 Middle States; S sectator Casey 10 p. 31 W. T.; S. zunicus Casey 10 p. 32 Ariz.; S. tacome Casey 10 p. 34 W.T.; S. strangulatus Casey 10 p. 39 N.Y. Mich.; S. tenuis Casey 10 p. 40 Ont. Mass.; S. difficilis Casey 10 p. 41 Middle States Mass. Ont.; S. Pettiti Casey 10 p. 42 Ont. Middle States; S. scrupeus Casey 10 p. 43 Ont. L. Sup.; S. intrusus Casey 10 p. 44 Mass. Mich. Ca.; S. rugifer Casey 10 p. 47 Col.; S,. anastomozan Casey 10 p, 48 N. H.; S. shoshonis Casey 10 p. 49 W.T.; S, insularis Casey 10 p. 50 Vanc. B. Col.; S. vexatus Casey 10 p. 51 W.T.; S. Schwarzi Casey 10 p. 52 Mass.; S. pauper Casey 10 p. 53 Mass.; S. subtilis Casey 10 p. 54 Mich, ; S, indigens Casey 10 p. 55 Mass.; S. simplex Casey 10 p. 56 Or.; S, vicinus
Casey 10 p. 57 D.C. Pa. Ala.; S. ingratus Casey 10 p. 58 Mich.; S. neglectus Casey 10 p. 59 Mass. Ont. Ill. Neb.; S. scabrosus Casey 10 p. 60 L. Sup.; S. vespertinus Casey 10 p. 61 W.T.; S. convictor Casey 10 p. 62 W.T.; S. confusus Casey 10 p. 63 Mich.; S. inornatus Casey 10 p. 64 Mass. Mich, L. Sup.; 5. placidus Casey 10 p. 65 Mich.; S. mendax Casey 10 p. 66 Mass.; S. eriensis Casey 10 p. 67 Mich.; S. sphzer- ops Casey 10 p. 68 Mass.; 5. militaris Casey 10 p. 69 L. Sup.; S. pluto Casey 10 p. 70 Mass.; S. incultus Casey 10 p. 71 Ariz.; S. corvus Casey 10 p. 72 B. Col. Cal.; S. montanus Casey 10 p. 74 N. H.; S. costalis Casey 10 p 77 Nev. Cal.; S. alveolatus Jasey 10 p. 78 Nev.; 5. ellipticus Casey 10 p. 79 Cal.; S. adelops Casey 10 p. 80 N. Cal.; 5S, luctuosus Casey 10 p. 81 Cal. Nev. B. Col.; S. pusio Casey 10 p. 82 Mass. Ca. L. Sup.; S. nanulus Casey 10 p. 83 B. Col.; S. atomarius Casey 10 p. 84 Mich, Mass. ; S. virginize Casey 10 p. 87 Va.; S. texanus Casey 10 p. 88 Tex. West. States; 5. venustus Casey 10 p. 89 no loc.; S. occidentalis Casey 10 p.,g0 B. Col.; S. pacificus Casey 10 p. 91 Cal.; 5S. abstrusus Casey 10 p. 92 N.Y. N.J.; S. arizone Casey 10 p. 93 Ariz. Tex.; S. integer Casey 10 p. 94 Mass.; S$ floridanus Casey 10 p. 95 Fla.; S. mammops Casey 10 p. 97 Mass. L. Sup. Col. B, Col. &e.; 8S. gravidus Casey 10 p. 98 Mass.; S. animatus Casey 10 p. 99 L. Sup.; S. tumicollis Casey 10 p- 100 Mich.; S. carinicollis Casey 10 p. 101 Mich L. Sup.; S. insignis Casey 10 p. 102 Cal.; S. dolosus Casey 10 p. 108 Col.; S. villosus Casey 10 p. 10g Cal. ; 8. secti- lifer Casey 10 p. 110 D.C.; S. milleporus Casey 10 p. 111 N.Y. Geo. Fla.; S. jejunus Casey 10 p. 112 B. Col.; S. vinnulus Casey 10 p. 112 Mass. L. Sup. Mich.; S. caro- linze Casey 10 p. 116 Ala. Fla.; S. ageus Casey 10 p. 116 Mass,; S. pudicus Casey 10 p. 117 L. Sup.; S. minor Casey 10 p. 118 Mich.; S. rigidus Casey 10 p. 119 Mass.; S. incertus Casey 10 p. 120 Neb.; S. parallelus Casey 10 p. 121 Mass.; S. noctivagus Casey 10 p. 121 N. H.; S. luculentus Casey 10 p. 122 Cal.; S. juvencus Casey 10 p. 123 Mich.; S, pauperculus Casey 10 p. 124 Mich.?; S. haplus Casey 10 p. 125 Mich.; S. enodis Casey 10 p. 126 Col.; S. dives Casey 10 p. 127 Cal.; S. sub- griseus Casey 10 p. 127 Cal. B. Col.; S. terricola Casey 10 p. 128 Nev.; S. mundulus Casey 10 p. 129 W.T.; S. tuberculatus Casey 10 p. 129 Fla.; S. indistinct- us Casey 10 p. 130 Mich.; S, brumalis Casey 10 p. 131 Mich.: S. gratiosus Casey 10 p. 133 Mich.; S. monticola Casey 10 p. 134 N.H.; S. curtus Casey 10 p. 135 Mich.; 5S, alacer Casey 10 p. 135 Fla. Tex. Ariz. Col. S. Ill.; S. hirsutus Casey 10 p. 137 Mich.; S. vestalis Casey 10 p. 138 Cal.; S. tahcensis Casey 10 p. 139 Nev.; 5. nimbosus Casey 10 p. 139 Col ;_ S. pugetensis Casey 10 p. 140 W.T.; S. vacuus Casey 10 p. 141 Cal.; S. amicus Casey 10 p. 142 Col.; S, exilis Casey 10 p. 143 Cal.; S. californicus Casey 10 p. 145 Cal. Nev.; S. gila Casey 10 p. 146 Ariz.; S. dispar Casey 10 p. 147 Mass. Tex. D.C. Kans,
Areus (n. g.) Casey 10 p. 150; A. retrusus Casey 10 p. 154 B. Col.; A. fraternus Casey 10 p. 155 Wy. L. Sup.; A. umbratilis Casey 10 p. 156 B. Col.; A. croceatus Casey 10 p. 158 Neb. Mich. L. Sup. N.Y. D.C.; A. advena Casey 10 p. 158 L. Sup.; A. europs Casey 10 p, 160 Md. Va.; A. megalops Casey 10 p. 161 Fla.;_ A. lugens Casey 10 p. 161 Mass.; A. plicipennis Casey 10 p. 162 B. Col.; A. agnatus Casey 10 p. 163 B. Col.; A. Sayi Casey 10 p. 164 Cal.; A. amabilis Casey 10 p. 166 Del.; A. perforatus Casey 10 p, 169 Ariz.; A. nitescens Casey 10 p. 170 Fla.; A. pollens Casey 10 p. 172 W.T. Cal.; A. patens Casey 10 p. 172 Col.; A. reconditus Casey 10 p. 173 Mass. L. Sup. Iowa; A. propinquus Casey 10 p. 174 N.H.; A. canadensis Casey 10 p. 175 Ont. N.Ill.; A. pinguis Casey 10 p. 177 B. Col. W.T. Or. Nev. Cal.; A. utenis Casey 10 p. 178 Col.; A. trajectus Casey 10 p- 179 Col.; A. papa- gonis Casey 10 p. 180 Ariz.; A. obsoletus Casey 10 p. 181 Ont.; A, artus Casey 10
p. 182 N.Y.; A. dilutus Casey 10 p. 184 La.; A. meridionalis Casey 10 p. 185 Fla.; A, varipes Casey 10 p. 187 Mich.; A. dissentiens Casey 10 p. 190 L. Sup.; A. Hub- bardi Casey 10 p. 191 L.Sup.; A. letulus 10 p. 192 Cal.; A. leviceps Casey 10 p. 193 B. Col.: A. politulus Casey 10 p. 193 B. Col.; A. simiolus Casey 10 p. 194 L. Sup.; A, pertinax Casey 10 p. 195 Wy.; A. lucidus Casey 10 p. 196 Cal. Euzesthetus brevipennis Casey 9 p. 20 Mich.; E. punctatus Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.; E. floridee Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.; EK. similis Casey 9 p. 22 Fla.; FE. mundulus Casey 9 p. 23 Mass.; E. robustulus Casey 9 p. 24 Mass.;_ E. iripennis Casey 9 p. 25 Ohio; FE. texanus Casey 9 p. 26 Tex.; E. atomus Casey 9 p. 28 Fla.—Fdaphus carinatus Casey 9 p. 30 D.C.; FE. luculentus Casey 9 p. 31 D.C.—Lithocharis tabacina Casey 7 p- 65 no loc. TRICHOPTERYGIDAE.,
Ptilium Hornianum Matthews 102 p. 143 Tex.—Ptenidium speculifer Matthews
102 p. 151 Mass.; P. Ulkei Matthews 102 p. 151 D.C. CUCUJIDAE.
Silvanus gilze Casey 8 p. 73 Ariz._-Lzemophlzus terminalis Casey 8 p. 83 Tex.; L. floridanus Casey 8 p. 85 Fla.; L. Horni Casey 8 p. 89 Cal.; L. rotundicollis Casey 8 p. 89 S.C.; L. quadratus Casey 8 p. 90 Gulf States; L. Schwarzi Casey 8 p. 91 Fla. D.C.; L. extricatus Casey 8 p. 92 Mo.; L. pubescens Casey 8 p. 93 Cal.; L. truncatus Casey 8 p. 93 Mich.; L. denticornis Casey 8 p. 94 Tex.— Lathropus pubes- cens Casey 8 p. 96 Cal.— Dysmerus (n.g.) Casey 8 p. 97; basalis Casey 8 p. 97 Fla. Telephanus Lecontei Casey 8 p. 103 Ariz.
HISTERIDAE. Hister gentilis Horn 76 p. 285 Ariz.—Echinodes decipiens Horn 76 p. 286 Ariz. NITIDULIDAE. Carpophilus zuni Casey 9 p. 34 Ariz.—Epurzea papagona Casey 9 p. 35 Ariz. BUPRESTIDAE. Gyascutus carolinensis Horn 76 p. 288 N.C. CIOIDAE. Ennearthron californicum Casey 9 p. 36 Cal.; FE. unicolor Casey 9 p. 37 N.Y. SCARABAEIDAE., Lachnosterna subpruinosa Casey 9 p. 38 Atlantic States.—Anomala oblivia Horn
81 p. 163 Pa. to Geo, CERAMBYCIDAE.
Phymatodes ater Lec. 96 p. 100 N.Y.— Peecilobrium (n.g.) Horn 77 p. 11. CHRYSOMELIDAE. Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis Casey 7 p. 66 Mass. N.Y.—Disonycha pulchra Casey 9 p. 31 Pa.; D. arizonz Casey 9 p. 52 Ariz.—Chzetocnema paupercula Casey 9 p. 53 N.Y.—Psylliodes extricata Casey 9 p. 54 N.J.; P. zenescens Casey 9 p. 55 N.Y. Microrhopala dimidiata Horn 76 p. 292 Tex.; M. vulnerata Horn 76 p. 292 Ariz. ; M. montana Horn 76 p. 294 Mont.—Odontota californica Horn 76 p. 297 Cal. Ariz.; O. gracilis Horn 76 p. 298 Tex.—Charistena perspicua Horn 76 p. 298 Ariz. N.Mex. Octotoma marginicollis Horn 76 p. 300 Ill. S.C, Tex.—Stenopodius (n.g.) Horn 76 p. 301; flavidus Horn 76 p, 301 Cal, Ariz. TENEBRIONIDAE. Eurymetopon piceum Casey 9 p. 40 Ariz.; E. emarginatum Casey 9 p. 41 Ariz. ; E. papagonum Casey 9 p. 42 Ariz.; E. carbonatum Casey 9 p. 43 Ariz.; E. sculptile Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz.; E. dubium Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz.—Emmenastus nanulus Casey 9
—77— :
p. 45 Cal.—Asida macra Horn 76 p. 304 N.Mex. Ariz.—Coniontis elliptica Casey 9 p- 46 Cal.—Eusattus politus Horn 76 p. 304 Cal.—Eleodes arcuata Casey 9 p. 47 Ariz,—Platydema pernigrum Casey 9 p. 49 Ariz.; P. parvulum Casey 9 p. 50 N.Y.; P. opaculum Casey 9 p. 51 Pa.
MORDELLIDAE.
Mordella carinata Smith 152 p. 3 Fla. Tex. La,; M. flaviventris Smith 152 p. 3 Tex. Fla.—Mordellistena conformis Smith 152 p. 4 Tex.; M. hirticula Smith 152 p. 4 Tex. La.; M. immaculata Smith 152 p. 5 D.C.; M. erratica Smith 151 p. 80 Fla.; M. tarsalis Smith 151 p. 80 Tex.; M. pratensis Smith 151 p. 80 Fla.
ANTHICIDAE.
Corphyra flabellata Horn 76 p. 306 W.Nev.—Noxotus nuperus Horn 82 p. 168 Ariz. Mex. Kans.; N. calcaratus Horn 82 p. 170 Nev. Ariz. L. Cal.; N. denudatus Horn 82 p. 173 Cal.
MELOIDAE.
Cantharis gentilis Horn 76 p. 311 N.Mex. Ariz.; C. occipitalis Horn 76 p. 312 Cal.; C. incommoda Horn 76 p. 312 Cal.—Calospasta viridis Horn 76 p. 312 Col. N. Mexico.
CURCULIONIDAE.
Apion vespertinum Casey 7 p. 67 Cal.; A. erraticum Smith 153 p. 44 Tex. Iowa; A. obsoletum Smith 153 p. 44 Dac. Mich. Ca.; A. erythrocerum Smith 153 p. 44 Kans. Middle States D.C. Tenn.; A. robustum Smith 153 p. 45 Tex. Mo. Iowa; A. punctinasum Smith 153 p. 46; Wy. Dac. Col.; A. parallelum Smith 153 p. 47 D.C. Tenn,; A. estriatum Smith 153 p. 47 Ca; Col. Tex.; A. ovale Smith 153 p. 47 Mo. Cal.; A. impunctistriatum Smith 153 p. 48 Tex. D.C.; A. desolatum Smith 153 p. 48 Geo.; A. sordidum Smith 153 p. 48 Utah; A. floridanum Smith 153 p. 49 Fla. Cal. Ariz. Ia, D.C.; A. obesum Smith 153 p. 49 Mich. Tex.; A. parvulum Smith 153 p. 49 Middle States; A. atriceps Smith 153 p. 49 Geo. Fla. Cal.; A. minutum Smith 153 p. 50 Fla. N.Y.; A. opacicolle Smith 153 p. 50 Cal. Ariz. Or.; A. texa- num Smith 158 p. 51 Tex,; A. ellipticum Smith 153 p. 51 Neb. La.; A. californicum Smith 153 p. 52 Cal.; A. decoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 D.C. N.C. Ariz. Md. Va.; A. concoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 Cal. W.Va. Geo. Mich. Fla.; A. carinatum Smith 153 p. 52 Fla. Tex. Neb.; A. brevicolle Smith 153 p, 53 Cal. Tex. Ariz.; A. typicum Smith 153 p. 53 Cal.; A. abdominale Smith 153 p. 53 Ariz. Ill. D.C.; A. antenna- tum Smith 153 p. 53 Cal. Ariz.; A. cordatum Smith 153 p. 54 Cal.. A. capitatum Smith 153 p. 54 Mich. Neb. Or.; A. oblitum Smith 153 p. 54 Col. Cal. Tex. Kans. Fla.; A. turbulentum Smith 153 p. 56 Middle States Tex. Cal.; A. minor Smith 153 p. 56 Cal, La.; A. dilatatum Smith 153 p. 56 Ariz.; A. herculanum Smith 153 p. 56 Pa. N.Y. D.C. Mass.; A. pyriforme Smith 153 p. 57 Ariz.; A. Walshii Smith 153 p- 57 pro lanuginosum |] Walsh; A. vicinum Smith 153 p. 58 Col. Cal. N.Y. D.C.; A. modestum Smith 153 p. 58 Ariz. Kans. Fla.; A. perminutum Smith 153 p. 59 ‘Vex. Geo D.C, Mass.; A. griseum Smith 153 p. 59 Middle, South & West. States; A. fraternum Smith 153 p. 60 South, & West. States; A. varicorne Smith 153 p. 60 South. & West. States; A. extensum Smith 153 p. 61 Mont. Kans.; A. zneipenne Smith 153 p. 61 D.C.; A. contusum Smith 153 p. 61 Dac.; A. tenuirostrum Smith 153 p. 62 Tex. Kans. Neb. D.C,; A. attenuatum Smith 153 p. 62 Kans.; A. con- fertum Smith 153 p. 63 West. & South, States; A. patruele Smith 153 p. 64 U.S.
Podapion (n. g.) Riley 118 p. 61; gallicola Riley 118 p. 62 D.C., L. Sup. Mass. Tyloderma nigrum Casey 9 p. 56 N Ill.; T. punctatum Casey 9 p. 57 N.Y.—Balan- inus obtusus Blanchard 3 p. 107 N.H. Mass. Tex. Neb.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 12
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Notes and News.
In the Vol. of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift for 1884, which has just come to hand, we note that our good friend Dr. Horn has also been elected honorary member of that society. It gives another proof of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself.
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Early this spring I found under the bark of a tree a specimen of Coptocycla aurichalcea as bright and glittering as evera specimen I saw in life. It was perfectly dry, and a mere shell and had evidently been dead a long time, In no collections I have ever seen, have I found any speci- mens at all approaching the living insect in beauty. I mentioned this to Drs. Hagen and Horn, at Cambridge, recently, and Dr. Horn says both Dr. Leconte and himself had tried in every way to restore or pre- serve the color of this insect, without success: he suggests that the living insects be confined, kept perfectly dry, and allowed to die of starvation and possibly in that way fine cabinet specimens might be obtained. Dr. Hagen says that a drop of Glycerine under the elytra preserved their lustre for some time but eventually they became dull. Will our Coleop- terological friends try their hands at this during the coming season and report success?
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In Can. Ent, XVI p. 131, Miss Murtfeldt gavesomenotes on “A/acus cinctus, Tepper”. In Mrs. Fernald’s collection I saw recently, a pair of A. splendidus De Beauv. labelled A. cemctus, and received from Miss Murtfeldt. The remarks in the Can. Ent. must therefore be considered as notes on A. spiendidus, the determination (credited to Prof. Riley by the bye,) being erroneous. SZ/endidus is credited to our fauna in Mr. Grote’s list of 1882; but I have never seen a specimen from the U.S. and do not remember having seen any note of its being found north of Mex- ico. Still it is very likely that it will yet occur near the border.
From cimctus the species is readily distinguished by the shape of the transparent spots, which in splendidus take the form of an elongate tri- angle, or arrow head, and extend to and sometimes cross the outer median line: in czmcfus on the contrary the spots are smaller, not regu- larly triangular but more rounded; those of secondaries of an irregular diamond shape: they never cross and rarely even touch the outer median line. Other characters are not wanting to separate the species, but those above mentioned are the most obvious. The error in determination was a very natural one, as Mr. Tepper had but recently figured the species, and a cursory comparison with the figure would indicate identity.
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Newark, N. J., now has an Entomological Society with about 15 members. Some of our Newark friends are excellent collectors, and will no doubt be heard from before long. We wish them good luck and prosperity.
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Early in June we had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Thaxter and his collections at Kittery Point and obtained some hints on collecting at light. One point may be interesting, and that is that Noctuids always fly against the wind, and unless your light is placed so that they can fly thus to get to it, your success will be small.
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In Dr. Horn’s Scotocryptus paper in our last number, p. 51, is “‘Aglyptus 4—3—3 g' &”. The “Q” is owing to a slip of the pen, and should be omitted.
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Dr. Goding, of Ancona, IIl., writes us ‘‘Having read Mr. Stretch’s article” ‘Anal appendages of Leucarctia acrea’, (Papilio II], 41), I was interested in the capture of a specimen of Crenucha fulvicollis while the insect was in the act of protruding similar appendages. These ‘anal antennz’ were about ¢ of an inch long, of a milk white color, and cover- ed with short yellowish gray hairs, very closely resembling a lamp chim- ney cleaner” as observed by Mr. Stretch.
The insect was captured while flying around a lighted lantern, the appendages being plainly seen by quite a number of persons. I have never observed these organs in the insect mentioned by Mr. Stretch.”
This is interesting as showing similarity of structure between the _ Arctide and this species, classed as one of the Zygenid@. Will our friends all over the country watch the insects they attract to light, and find whether any other species shows this peculiarity, the function of which is not yet satisfactorily explained.
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In an old (1879) foreign Journal I found recently a note of some interest. A pair of An‘h, pernyi emerged from the cocoon together; next morning they were found 7m corfu and so remained until 4 p.m. that day. _ They then separated, the ¢/’ was removed and killed, and the @ began ovipositing. About 6 p.m. another ¢/ emerged, which immediately and before the wings were yet fully unfolded, sought the female and remained m coitu until § a.M. next morning. The Q then continued the egg-laying business and a@// the eggs proved fertile. The interesting point is, that it controverts the accepted theory that a 9 once mated exercises no further attraction to the Qf and is unmolested by them. Have any of our readers observed similiar instances?
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The new Check list of Coleoptera, by Mr. Henshaw will be ready for distribution some time in September. Mr. Henshaw has promised to furnish manuscript for annual supplements, which will be published in our Journal. What we need now, is an addition that will bring our Lepidoptera lists up to date, and may-hap the present year has also that in store for us.
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Lt. T. L. Casey has sent us $50 for a life-membership in the B’kIn. Ent. Soc. This sum goes to our publication-fund. Will not some of our other friends help us along in the same way?
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Mr. Curley’s paper, on a previous page, 1s an interesting contribu- tion, and one deserving of study; many will not be inclined to agree with him in his deductions; but it presents facts in a somewhat novel light, and we are ready to receive criticisms.
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Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society. June 2, 1885.—Twenty persons present, among them Dr. Geo. H. Horn, honorary member of the society; Mr. Cramer in the chair.
A communication from Capt. D. H. Murdock, presenting the Society with a small lot of Anthobium, was read by the Secretary.
Mr. Smith read a paper upon some structural peculiarities of the Zyacenide and Bombycide, touching upon some points of correlation of habits and strue- ture, and dwelling somewhat on the modifications of the genital organs of the male. These structures it seemed probable would furnish characters of great systematic value, and their modifications in the Noctuids were now being studied by Prof. Riley and himself in the preparation of a monographie work on the N. A. Noctuids. A system of classification of the Sphingide, Zyganide and Bombycide was outlined, placing the Sphingid@ lower in the scale then at present catalogued.
Dr. Horn illustrated some modifications of structure in Corphyra, referring more especially to the <j‘ sexual pieces.
The balance of the evening was spent in discussing methods of collecting on the sea-shore. Mr. Weeks had succeeded in taking quite a number of Dyschirius pallipennis by digging on the site of a dried up pond until he found water which he then poured over the old banks.
After informal discussion the Society adjourned until the first Tuesday of September.
Will the members of the Society please collect during the season in all ord- ers, outside of their specialities and turn over the material to me for the benefit of the Society’s collection? Iam ready to receive donations to the cabinet at my office, No. 4 Fletcher St., N.Y., or will call for specimens if notified.
CHAS. W. LENG, Curator.
AMERICANA
VOL, I. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1886. NO. 9.
An Introduction to a classification of the N.A. Lepidoptera. By Joun B. Smiru.
(Continued from ‘‘Bulletin’’ VII, p. 141.)
In the previous papers of the series is given a synopsis of the families of the Lepidoptera and a review of the genera of the Rhopalocera. The present paper deals with the SpAzmgide which in our lists are catalogued immediately after the Rhopalocera.
This group or division has had rather a hard time of it at the hands of recent authors, no two lists being alike. Sometimes there would be a dozen species to a genus, then a dozen genera each with one species, and in the next list we would find as many genera, but with different names, or the same genera differently applied. To straighten out the confusion thus caused will be the task of the monographer of the group, and is beyond the province of this paper; those names which are used in
{r. Grote’s most recent list will be used here, though not all. of the genera are adopted and the sequence is changed.
On this point of sequence of genera, I have adopted an order based on their structural relations. It is a matter of small importance because the genera are interchangeably related, Arctonotus for in-