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THE
NAUTILUS
A MONTHLY JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF
CONCHOLOGISTS.
VOL. XI. MAY, 1897, to APRIL, 1898.
PHILADELPHIA : Published by H. A. PILSBKY and C. V,r. JOHNSON.
H'
INDEX
TO
THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XI.
INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.
Achatina Crawford! Melv. viviparous 69
Actieon Traskii Stearns, n. sp 14
Ariolimax californicus 76
Ariolimax costaricensis 77
Agriolinmx, notes on (illustrated) '15
Amphidromus Eudeli Ancey, n. sp 63
Amphidromus Fultoni Ancey, n. sp 62
Ampullaria, sinistral 33
Auoinia navicelloides Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) 87
Bothriopupa Pils 119
Bolinas, California; The conchologists paradise .... 49
Breeding sinistral Helices 70
" Bulimi " from the Hebrides, on two so-called 26
Bullia buccinoides Merriam, n. sp. (M. Eocene) .... 64
Bullia Uruguayensis Pilsl)ry, n. sp 6
Callista varians in Florida 33
Cancellaria annosa Aldricb, n. sp. (Eocene) 97
Cancellaria graciloides Aldricb, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 98
Cancellaria graciloides var. bella Aldrich, n. var. (Eocene) 98
Cancellaria lanceolata Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 27 Catalogue of American laud shells with localities, 45, 59,
7J,83, 93, 105, 117, 127
Cathaica Funki Ancey, n. sp 16
Ccelocentrum astrophorea Dall, n. sp 62
Collecting at Ballast Point 67
Collecting in Monterey Bay 23
Collection of Mollusks from Grand Tower, Illinois ... 28
Conchological notes from Louisiana 3
Coralliophaga, a new subgeuus of 135
(iii)
IV THE NAUTILUS.
Cyprteidse, Hawaiian 123
Cyptherea Newcombei Merriam, n. sp. (M. Neocene) . . 64
Cyptherea vancouverensis Merriam, n. sp. (M. Neocene) 64
Diplomorplia ruga and Bernieri 26
Editorial correspondence 66
Epiphragmophora californiensis var. contracostee .... 54
Eucalodium hippocastaneum Ball, n. sp 61
Florida shells 31
Fresh water shells in the northeast of Maine 9
Gastrodonta collisella percallosa Pilsbry, n. var 134
Gastrodonta (Taxeodonta) lamellidens Pilsbry, n. sp. . . 134
Halistylus-circumstriatus Pilsbry, n. sp 7
Haplopupa Pi Is 119
Helices, description of three new Eulotse from Central
Asia 16
Helicina Dysoni 13
Helicina Funcki Ancey 87
Heliciua Rabei Pilsbry, n. sp. . 34, 87
Helix devia var. Clappi Hemphill, n. var 74
Helix (Lysince) queretaroana Dall, n.sp 73
Helix (Lysinoe) sebastiana Dall, n. sp 73
Helix, note on a californian 54
Helix plectotropis var. uniforrais Ancey 17
Hemphillia camelus Pilsbry & Vanatta, n. sp 44
Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli Dall, n. sp. . . 61
Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamilton! Dall, n. sp. . 38 Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association, 9, 23, 30,
42, 57, 67, 80, 89, 104
Landshells from Malay Peninsula, note on ... 37
Littorina littorea, variations of, 137
Margaritana marginata var. truncata B. H. Wright, n.
var 124
Melania yokohamensis Hartman, n. sp 41
Modiola plicatula Lamarck, an extinct locality . . . 102
Mollusca contemporaneous with the Mastodon
Mollusks collected in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay by Dr.
Wm. H. Rush 6
Nanina (Macrochlamys?) diadema Dall, n. sp. 37
Nassa Newcombei Merriam, n.- sp 65
Nautilus pompilius in Southern New South Wales ... 43
THE NAUTILUS. V
New species of Tertiary Mollusca from Vancouver Island 64
Notes and news
33, 43, 69, 90
Notes on Quebec Pupidse and other shells 110
Notes on slugs 75
Odontostomia raatthewsensis Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) . 87
Ommastrephea Bartramii 6
Oryctoraya, a new subgenus of Coralliophaga 135
Oryctomya claibornensis Dall, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 135
Oxychona unmasked 87
Paravitrea Pils 130
Partula, notes and corrections 44
Patella geometrica Merriam, n. sp. (M. Miocene) ... 65
Pecteu Davidson Dall, n. sp. . 86
Pecten Palmeri Dall, n. sp 85
Pecten Randolph! Dall, n. sp 86
Pinnidre of the United States and West Indies, Synopsis
of 25
Pisidium abyssorum (Stimpson) Sterki, n. sp 124
Pisidium pauperculum var. Nylanderi Sterki, n. var. . . 125
Pisidium Singleyi Sterki, n. sp 112
Pisidium splendidtilum Sterki, n. sp 113, 124
Pleas, Elwood (Obituary) 114
Polygyra Ferrissi Pilsbry, n. sp 92
Polygyra Mearnsii Dall in New Mexico 69
Polygyra Nelsoni Dall, n. sp 74
Polygyra rhyssa Dall, n. sp 2
Prophysaon Andersoni 79
Prophysaon fasciatum
Prophysaon foliolatum 78
Prophysaon Hemphilli • • • . 78
Prophysaon huinile 79
Proposed census of Michigan Mollusca 98
Pseudiberus anisopleurus Ancey, n. sp 17
Pseudiberus uniformis Ancey, n. sp 17
Publications received 34, 44, 69, 115, 126
Punctum californicum Pilsbry, n. sp 134
Punctum Clappi Pilsbry, n. sp
Pupa ingersolli Anc 136
Pupa montanella Ckll 136
VI THE NAUTILUS.
Pupa sublnbrica Anc 136
Purpura lapillus 57
Quarter-decks and jingles [Crepidula and Anomia] ... 38
Schazicheila Hidalgoana Dall, n. sp 62
Sigaretus Oldroydii Dall, n. sp 85
Sterkia Pils 119
Taxeodonta Pils 132
Teletremata Pils 144
Turritella diversilineata Merriam, n. sp. (Miocene) . . 65
Unio Buxtoni B. H. Wright, n. sp 40
Unio Diazensis S. H. Wright, n. sp 5
Uuio gibbosa var. armathwaitensis B. H. Wright, n. var. 123
Unio (Larapsilis) amphichreuus Frierson, n. sp 109
Unio Pinei B. H. Wright, n. sp 40
Unio reclusus B. H. Wright, n. sp Ill
Unio Suttoni B. H. Wright, n. sp 58
Unio Swordianus S. H. Wright, u. sp 4
Unio triuraphans B. H. Wright, n. sp 101
Unio Walkeri B. H. Wright, u. sp 91
Unios, notes on the classification of 18
Uvanilla regina, a new locality 1
Vallonia parvula and Pupa Holzingeri at Put-in-Bay,
Lake Erie '. 82
Vitrea Raderi Dall, n. sp 100
INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.
Aldricb, T. H • . . 27, 97
Ancey, C.F 16,26,62,66,87
Baker, Frank C 28
Baldwin, D. D 123
Beck, Mrs. M. L 89
Clapp.Geo. H 69
Cockerell, T. D. A 15, 69, 75, 136
Cox, Dr. J. C 44
Dall, Wm. H 2,25,37,61,73,85,100,135
Ferriss, Jas. H 135
Frierson, Lorraine, S 3, 109
Hanham, A. W 110
Hartman, W. D 41, 44
Hemphill, Henry • • . . 74
Johnson, C. W 114
King, Mrs. E. H 23
Lawrence, Mrs. E. A 42
Letson, Jennie E 33
Lowe, H 80
Merriam, John C 64*
Nylander, Olof 0 9
Pilsbry, Henry A 6,34,45,54,87,92,133
Simpson, Charles T 13, 18
Stearns, R. E. C 1,14,38,102
Sterki, Dr. V 112,124
Vanatta, E. G 44
Walker, Bryant 82, 98, 121
Wentworth, Mrs. D. J 17
White. J. J 31
Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton 31,89
Wood, Williard M 49
Wright, Berlin H 40, 55, 91, 101, 111, 123
Wright, S. Hart 4
(vii)
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. MAY, 1897. No. 1.
TJVANILLA REGINA, A NEW LOCALITY.
BY EOBT. E. C. STEARNS.
A few days since, Mr. Charles H. Lawrence, who resides on Boyle Heights in this city, submitted to me for identification a specimen of this fine species which he collected about Christmas, 1895, on San Clemente Island, latitude 32° 55' N., longitude 118° 30' W. This find of Mr. Lawrence's carries the species so far to the north as to include it in the faunal list of California proper. The prelimi- nary description of U. regina was published in the THE NAUTILUS for December, 1892, and was subsequently described more fully in theProc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XVI, 1893, pp. 350-51, from a specimen collected by Capt. 3. D. Porter, of San Diego, Cal., on Guadaloupe Island off the coast of Lower California in latitude 29° N., longitude 118° W.
As this easily recognizable species is exceedingly rare at this date, it may be well to note that examples are contained in the collec- tions of the National Museum (No. 125314), of Henry Hemphill and Miss Cooke, San Diego, and of Mr. Lawrence, above-named. The Hemphill and Cooke sp'ecimens are part of the lot collected by Capt. Porter.
In my paper on " The Shells of the Tres Marias and Other Lo- calities along the Shores of Lower California and the Gulf of Cali- fornia," this form is listed, as the island of Guadaloupe belongs to Mexico.
In Dr. J. G. Cooper's " Catalogue of Marine Shells collected chiefly on the eastern shore of Lower California," etc., published in
2 THE NAUTILUS.
the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sciences (Series 2, Vol. V, p. 36), he makes the following remarks concerning my " Tres Marias, etc.," list : " Out of 294 in the catalogue, about 200 occur in the Gulf and several others on the west coast. It is not, therefore, as complete a list of Gulf shells as we might expect from collections made by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer 'Albatross,' with its facilities for dredg- ing and collecting otherwise." As my paper does not purport to be a list of the "Albatross " collections in the regions under considera- tion, but only includes incidentally such species as were collected by the "Albatross " naturalists at a few points only, viz., " Baelenas and Pichelinque Bays, etc., so far as the same have been worked up at this date," as is distinctly stated, further comment is unnecessary.
Los Angeles, Cal., April 5, 1897.
ON A NEW FORM OF POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY W. H. BALL.
Polygyra rhyssa Dall, n. sp.
Shell of six rounded whorls, dark yellowish-brown, the suture rather deep and the spire low but not flattened ; nuclear whorls nearly smooth, the rest of the shell rather coarsely obliquely stri- ated, the last fourth of the last whorl with rather sharp elevated riblets with wider interspaces and a marked constriction behind the reflected peristome ; umbilicus small, deep ; periphery above the middle of the whorl rounded, the entire surface more or less dis- tinctly finely spirally striate; aperture subcircular, oblique, with a reflected and rather solid peristome with a small obscure thicken- ing on its basal part, a light wash of callus over the body, and slightly within the aperture a small oblique elongated parietal den- ticle. Major diameter 17, minor diameter 14; height 9 mm.
White Mountains of New Mexico, Ashmun.
This species is about the size of P. chiricahuana Dall, from which it differs by its strong sculpture, somewhat larger umbilicus, more distinct suture and oral armature. The form of the mouth resem- bles that of P. pseudodonta Dall, but the basal thickening of the lip is not notched and the shell is decidedly larger, more coarsely sculp- tured and somewhat darker in color. It forms another illustration of the effect of insulation on the mountain peaks by arid lowlands
THE NAUTILUS.
in producing differentiation in a single type of shell. P. levettei, chiricahuana, ashmuni, pseudodonta and rhyssa are obviously off- shoots of a common stock.
CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM LOUISIANA.
BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON.
Being, so far as I know, the only student of conchology in Louis- iana, perhaps a few notes may be of interest.
My station consists of an arm of Red River (Bayou Pierre), a lake and numerous creeks.
In these waters occur about 50 species of Mollusca, of which 30 are Unionidae. An interesting fact, and one which I have never seen mentioned, is the sharp line of separation between the forms found in the creeks and those growing in the Red River waters.
In the creeks are found 5 Unios and 2 Anodontas. While in the Red River waters are found 25 Unionidse. No creek shell grows in Red River waters (with but two exceptions noted below) and no species living in Red River waters are ever found in the creeks.
At the junction of a creek with the river occurs a zone where no mollusca can be found. The exceptions noted are U. texasensis Lea, which, while pre-eminently a creek shell, is found sparingly in Red River waters. Another possible exception is in the case of U. de- dims Say. This shell is found abundantly in the creeks, and grows to a large size. A rather rare shell is found in the Red River waters which is said by our authorities to be a form of U. declivis Say known as tetralasmus Say or geometricus Lea.
Declivis proper never occurs in the Red River waters, nor does tetralasmus ever grow in creek waters. Perhaps this fact will help show that these shells are really distinct species and not synonyms.
The most variable and, perhaps, the most abundant Unio is U. multiplicatus Lea. West of the Mississippi drainage this shell merges into U. eightsii Lea, and here, at the middle ground, a mix- ture of types is seen. An interesting shell is sparingly found here, close to its extreme southern limit, probably. It is a dwarfed, almost " run out " form of U. donaciformis Lea. Another " Yankee down south " is a very small but brilliantly colored Anodonta sub- orbiculata Say. It is found in the soft, deep mud of Edwards' Lake, and disputes its territory with Anodonta virens Lea. A. imbecilis
THE NAUTILUS.
also grows with these, but does not live in the mud, but escapes this by growing in the fissures of the cypress trees, a prisoner for life, by choice.
Thus far my researches have been productive of one new species, U.friersoni Wright, and the extending of habitat of three shells. But I hope to accomplish much more in the future, which, if suc- cessful, will be given to the readers of THE NAUTILUS.
Frierson Mill, DeSoto Parrish, Louisiana.
CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF UNITED STATES UNIONIDJE.
BY S. HART WRIGHT.
( Concluded.*) Unio Swordianus sp. nov.
Shell oval, massive, very inequilateral, rounded before, highly arched above and rounded at base, very bluntly pointed behind. Sides flattish, constricted slightly or not at all, and the umbonal ridge usually obsolete. Epidermis brownish or somewhat horn- colored, rayless, and the surface roughened with close growth-lines. Ligament darkened, heavy, short and much elevated. Beaks pointed, small and very low. Beak cavity shallow, extending slightly under both cardinal and lateral teeth, thus making it very broad and with obtusely rounded sides. Cardinal teeth double in the left valve, single in the right and smoothish, or crested and short. Lateral teeth heavy, slightly curved, wide apart, arising from a thick dorsal plate. The cardinal of right valve with an ob- long groove at its base. Cicatrices distinct ; dorsal cicatrices con- fluent into an oblong groove under the dorsum. Pallial impression deep and denticulate. Nacre usually pure white, often more or less with waxy discolorations or mottlings or even dirty white. Width 4 inches, length 2, diameter 1|.
Habitat : Powell's Creek, Lee Co., Va.
Remarks : Affinity, U. bursapastoris B. H. Wright and U. abacus Hald. Our shell differs from the first in having a lighter epider- mis, an arched dorsum, shell cavity greater, beak cavity very much less, being nearly extinct, and the posterior dorsal area narrower and very abrupt in its descent. From U. abacus it differs in the beak cavity, and is much more inequilateral. Ten specimens were obtained from the collector, Mr. T. F. Sword, for whom it is named.
THE NAUTILUS. 0
TJnio Diazensis sp. nov.
Shell small, oval, thin, bluutly or truncately pointed behind, and biangulated there; rounded obliquely in front, the curve meeting the dorsal line with a distinct angle. Epidermis reddish-brown, lighter above on the first growth, finely and obscurely striate with minute scales, more apparent near the base. Lines of growth dis- tant, about two. Rays nearly obsolete, or, if present, seen faintly on the anterior end, or on the first growth. Umbonal ridge well-de- fined, rather narrow. Posterior slope rather broad and raised into a keel. Dorsal line nearly straight. Umbos small, broad and not raised. Beaks with a double series of granular undulations. Dor- sal plate thin. Shell cavity rather deep and broad. Beak cavities slight. Cardinal teeth very small and light, more or less com- pressed. Lateral teeth very narrow, slim and nearly straight. Anterior cicatrices distinct ; posterior confluent. Cardinal of right valve single. Dorsal scars under the plate. Nacre salmon or cop- pery. Width H inches, length ^, diameter ?.
Habitat : Lake Diaz, Volusia Co., Florida.
Remarks: In 1887 we gathered about 2,000 of these little thin shells in Lake Diaz, no other Unio being found in that lake, except U. amygdalum Lea. They were always in white sand, with clear and rather shallow water, and nearly all of one size. Affinity, U. fuscatus Lea, from which our shell differs in being smaller, less trans- verse, more inflated, having a much higher umbonal ridge well marked, while in U- fuscatus the ridge is nearly or quite obsolete. From U. coruscus Gould the Diaz shell differs in having always thin lateral teeth, a thin dorsum and smaller cardinals and a high keel, and is always a thinner shell. It differs from U. fryanus B. H. Wright in being much less polished, lighter, less solid, fewer rayed, greater umbonal ridge and more attenuated in front. In a "Check List of N. A. Uniouid?e," published in 1888, a species of Unio was listed as " U. diasensis," but was never published, and therefore does not preoccupy the similar name now given above.
Note. — Types of all the above species will be sent to the National Museum and duplicates of the types to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
ERRATA. — In THE NAUTILUS, X, No. 12, page 136, first line, for " triangular, clavate," read " triangular-clavate." Eighth line, for " narrower," read "narrow." Page 137, ninth line above the bot- . torn, for " groove in the," read " groove under the."
6 THE NAUTILUS.
LIST OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED IN MALDONADO BAY, URUGUAY, BY
DR. WM. H. RUSH, U. S. N.
BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.
In the NAUTILUS for September, 1896, a list maybe found of the non-marine mollusca collected in Uruguay and Argentine Republic by Dr. Rush. Descriptions of the new species mentioned in that paper have been published in subsequent numbers, and in the Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1896, pp. 360-365, and plates 26, 27, and Manual of Conchology, 2d ser., Vol. XI.
The marine shells obtained by him while with the South Atlantic Squadron were nearly all taken in MaldonadoBay, dredged in from three to six fathoms of water, the limpets, etc., from the shore ex- cepted. The few forms collected elsewhere than at Maldouado and vicinity have the localities indicated below. In this connection it may be mentioned that the squids which jumped aboard the Yantic, as described by Dr. Rush in NAUTILUS, VI, p. 82, turn out to be Ommastrephes Bartramii. Among the forms enumerated below and in the several published lists of shells from this general region, it is somewhat remarkable that some groups usually rather numerous, such as Rissoidce, are not represented. The occurrence of a number of northern species is also noteworthy. There are also in the series collected about a dozen forms found only in poor condition and not yet identified. The descriptions of new species will shortly appear, with figures, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
GASTROPODA.
Acmcea onycliina Gould. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay. This bay was the type locality of Patella mulleri Dkr., a synonym of Gould's species.
Bittiwm sp.
Ballia cochlidium Kien.
Bidlia globulosa Kien. Maldonado Bay. Very heavily cal- loused fossil specimens occurred in the wall of fort at the Mus. La Plata, Argentine Republic.
Bullia Uruguayensis n. sp. Shell somewhat like B. globulosa Kn., but more slender, the spire much longer. Surface smooth ex- cept for two to four spiral impressed lines separated by convex low cords, just below the impressed suture, and fine spiral stride on the
THE NAUTILUS. 7
base ; growth-lines fine and slight. Light flesh colored. Whorls about 6£, the first globose, the second and third with rather coarse longitudinal folds, which persist longer at the upper part of the whorl ; remaining whorls convex, foldless ; the last whorl oval, regularly con • vex, contracted below, with a wide arcuately striate siphonal fas- ciole bounded above by a strong narrow spiral rib. Aperture a lit- tle over half the alt. of shell. Columella broadly concave above, having a strongly twisted fold below, which projects at the junction of the short basal canal with the cavity of the aperture, sloping strongly to the left below the projecting fold ; anterior notch wide. Parietal callus rather thin, spreading far forward.
Length 22'5, diarn. 12 mm.
Maldonado Bay. This species is certainly not the young of B. cochlidium, although in my opinion d'Orbigny's fig. 25 of plate 61 of the Voy. Am. Merid. was drawn from a specimen of the form here described. The characters of columella and sculpture also incline me to consider the present species distinct from B. Lamarckii Kieuer (Iconogr., pi. 3, figs. 6, 6).
Chlorostoma (Omphalius') corrugatum Koch. Irochus patagoni- cus Orb. is a synonym.
Columbella avara Say.
Columbella obesa var. decipiens C. B. Ad.
Columbella sertulariarum d'Orb.
Crepidula aculeata Gmel.
Cylichnella bidentata Orb.
Fissuridea patagonica d'Orb.
Halistylus columna Dall.
Halistyluscircumslriatus n. sp. Similar to H. columna in size and contour, but the whorls are encircled by numerous impressed brown lines. H.pupoideus (Cpr.) Dall, of California, (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 1892, pi. 19, f. 2) is a third species of this interesting group. It is spirally sculptured like circumstriatus, but has very convex whorls, and there are other differences.
Natlca Isabelleana d'Orb.
Natica maroccana Dillw. (?). Worn young shells.
Ocinebra cala n. sp.
Olivancillaria anricularia Lam. Maldouado Bay ; also fossil specimens in the Fort wall at La Plata Museum.
Olwella Puelchana d'Orb.
Scala elegans d'Orb. (probably).
THE NAUTILUS.
Scala tenuistriata d'Orb.
Siphonaria Lessoni Blainv. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay.
Triforis sp.
Turbonilla interrupta Totten.
Turbonilla sp. Specimens worn.
Turbonilla dispar n. sp.
Turbonilla uruguayensis n. sp.
Urosalpinx Rushii n. sp.
POLYPLACOPHORA.
Chcetopleura Isabellei d'Orb. Maldonado Bay, with the follow- ing.
Chcetoplenra Tehuelcha d'Orb. Maldonado Bay. Carpenter's Ch. armillata (Man. Conch., xiv, p. 39) described from Gorritti Island, is a synonym.
PELECYPODA.
Azara1 labiata Maton. Poud near Maldonado. Azara labiata var. nimbosa Sowb. Pond near Maldonado ; brack- ish or nearly fresh water. Corbula caribcea d'Orb. Corbula Iheringiana n. sp. Corbula Lyoni n. sp. Corbula patagonica d'Orb. Crassatella (Eriphyla) lunulata Con. Crassatella (Eriphyla^) maldonadoensis n. sp. Cytherea rostrata Koch.
Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. (Lucina semireticulata Orb.). Donax hanleyanus Phil. Lyonsia hyalina Conrad.
Lyonsia sp. A nearly equilateral species, new to me. Lucina squamosa Lam. Mactra isabelleana d'Orb. Mulinia near lateralis Say.
1 Carlos Maria de Pena has called attention to the fact that padre Damaso A. Larraiiaga, a naturalist of Montevideo, in his " Memoria Geologica sobre la formacion del Rio de La Plata, deducida de sus conchas fosiles," written in 1819 (? published in 1821), created the genus Matonia for Mya labiata of Maton, thus antedating d'Orbigny's name Azara. I have not seen the work, and would decline to tuake a change until the proper publication and date of Matonia is made positive. See Anales del Mus. Nac. de Montevideo, 1,1894, pil.
THE NAUTILUS.
There were also worn valves of several other Mactridce collected.
Mesodesma arechavalettoi (Ihering MS.) Pilsbry. Maldonado Bay, Uruguay (young) ; Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Mytilus darwinianus Orb.
Mytilus edulis L. (? platens is Orb.).
Mytilus canaliculus Hani.
Nucuht puelcha d'Orb. N. Uruguay ensis E. A. Smith does not seem to differ materially from this species.
Ostrcea puelchana d'Orb.
Pecten nucleus Born, var. ?
Pecten sp. undet.
Peeturiculus longior Sowb.
Petricola like pholadiformis, but less strongly sculptered. One valve.
Plicatula ramosa Lam.
Semele (Abrafy urugiiayensis n. sp.
Tagelus yibbus Sperigl. (platensis Orb.).
Tellina urugiiayensis E. A. Smith.
Thracia Rushii n. sp.
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
The name of Miss Zeola Downing, Long Beach, California, is added to the membership roll of our Chapter.
When last heard from Miss Anna Goodsell of San Diego, Califor- nia, was in Cairo, Egypt, after having visited many countries in the Orient.
FRESH WATER SHELLS IN THE NORTHEAST OF MAINE.
[From the report of Mr. Olof O. Nylander. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896] .
This article is devoted to the fresh water shells found in the Fish River Lakes and Aroostook River, northeast of Maine. After se- curing a good supply of provisions, tent, boat and apparatus needed for a long collecting trip in the forest region, a man was employed to accompany us through the journey, and a man with a team to haul rae the distance of 25 miles to Cross Lake on the Fish River.
10 THE NAUTILUS.
Arriving at Cross Lake my work was immediately to collect and my companion's duty throughout the journey to prepare the tent, cut wood and cook, and other duties connected with camp life in the woods.
At the Cross Lake inlet the following were collected : Unio com- planaius, Margaritana undulata, Anodontafragilis, Sphcerium sulca- tum, Pisidium compressum, P. variabile, P. n. sp., Planorbis campan- ulatus P. bicarinatus, P. deflect us, Limncea emarginata, L. desidiosa, Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis, etc.
The second place visited was on the west side about 2 miles south from the inlet. Planorbis trivolvis was obtained in a place that ap- peared to be covered with water only in the Spring. Ancylus parallelus was found in large numbers, and a lot of good large spec- imens of Limncea emarginata in two feet of water. They seemed to feed on vegetation on the rocks. A little further down on the west side was a small stream in which a lot of Sphceria and Pisidia were obtained. Unio complanatus Sol., Margaritana undulata Say and Anodonta frag His Lam., are found all over the Fish River Lake, and need not be referred to as of especial interest to any locality.
On the east side where some large hills rise from the lake a small lot was obtained by dredging ; nearest the shore Pomatiopsis cincin- natiensis were plentiful in 15 feet of water ; Campeloma decisum, of small size, Pisidium variabile and P. compressum were found from the shore to 25 feet, showing some variation in forms. On the shore Succinea ovalis, and, near by, in the woods under rocks, S. avara were found. Also Conulus fulvus, Strobila labyrinth-lea, Zon- ites exiguus, Carychium exiguum and fragments of Pupa or Vertigo.
The south end of Cross Lake afforded the best dredging ground, and some time was spent here. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Lea, was very plentiful, and Valvata tricarinata Say, V. sincera Say, were col- lected from 5 to 20 feet. Planorbis trivolvis, P. companulatus, P. bi- carinatus, P. deflectus and P. hirsutus were not plentiful.
One of the most interesting collecting grounds is Square Lake, which is the largest and handsomest lake in Aroostook Co. At the inlet from Cross Lake the bottom is covered with large and fine specimens of Limncea emarginata and the var. Mighelsi. Planorbis parvus (?) Say, Planorbis sp. ?, a peculiar specimen, P. campanulatus, a form of small size, P. bicarinatus, Physa ancillaria Say, are plenti- ful in this place, but nowhere else in this region to my knowledge. The shore is covered with dead shells of the above named species.
THE NAUTILUS. 11
From the inlet at the northeast of Square Lake, the east side was followed to the south, a distance of about 8 miles. The wind blow- ing prevented us from doing any dredging, and the bottom is gener- ally stone.
In the south end of the lake the bottom is covered with fine sand and afforded very fine dredging ground for 2 or 3 square miles. From the shore to 10 feet deep Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis was very common, and a few specimens of Pisidium were found from 10 to 25 feet. Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera were found, but beyond the depth of 25 feet all the shells seemed to disappear, and the dredge was filled with nothing to collect. The western shore of the lake is rocky and the only place visited is Limekiln Point, where I have spent a good deal of time in past years. This very interesting locality of the Upper Silurian limestone of the Lower Helderberg group, contains many fine specimens of fossils, many of them pecu- liar to this locality. A very fine collection has been found at this place. * * * From Limekiln Point to Eagle Lake every part was carefully surveyed, yet nothing of special interest appeared. Eagle Lake is the longest of Aroostook Lakes, being about 18 miles long and 1 wide. In one place I could not reach bottom with a 100 foot line.
Along the north shore I obtained the same species as I found in Cross and Square Lakes, and from the deep water I obtained only rocks and gravel, and not a fragment of a shell. Where the south branch of Fish River enters Eagle Lake, in a sand bar, a lot of fine living specimens of Sphcerium striatinum Lamk., and Margaritana undulata were collected. Throughout the thoroughfare to Portage Lake Sphcerium striatinum is plentiful. * * * * 'Nothing new was added. A good deal of hard work was done dragging the boat through the rapids and over rocks and ledges to Portage Lake.
Portage Lake is in parts surrounded by high hills and a very at- tractive place for tourists. The western part is a good finding place for mollusks. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Lea, is obtained somewhat larger in size as it approaches deep water ; Planorbis companulatus and P. bicarinatus are also of large size, and the angles of the whorls in bicarinatus are very sharp. Planorbis de- flectus is found at the bend of the lake, very large, from 8 to 9 mm. ; Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera are also of good size.
Near the south and east corner of the lake a colony of good, large specimens of Campeloma decisum in 6 inches of water were found. This
12 THE NAUTILUS.
was the first place I had any opportunity to see them in any num- ber in the north of Maine. From this place I had intended to go to Big Fish Lake, about 20 miles west from Portage Lake, but some of my provisions were spoiled by hot and rainy weather and I was not able to obtain any from the farmers, therefore at the south of the lake I engaged a team to transport us to Aroostook River, a distance of 10 miles, over a good road.
Aroostook River is rapid and rocky the whole distance from Ash- laud to Caribou, and shells are seldom found. Margaritana mar- garitifera Lin., are found among the rocks in from 5 to 6 feet of water ; a dozen living specimens were obtained in the distance of 40 miles. Anodonta fragilis lives in the small streams which empty into the river. Planorbis bicarinatus and Physa heterostropha are sometimes plentiful. Sphcerium truncatum and a few Pisidia have been found. Campeloma decisum were collected in two places, and Ancylus tardus Say, was found on rocks in a place near Caribou in the summer of 1895.
After three weeks have been spent in the woods it is pleasant to arrive at home again. The specimens collected during this trip have not all been identified.
In past years I have received valuable assistance from Professor H. A. Pilsbry. Mr. Bryant Walker, of Mich., sent me a dredge which has been of great value, and Dr. V. Sterki has kindly deter- mined Pupidce, Vertigos and Pisidia. My thanks are due to these gentlemen.
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THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. JUNE, 1897. No. 2.
HELICINA DYSONI
BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.
While collecting shells in the Island of Utilla, on the north coast of Honduras, I frequently visited a Brickly Thatch palm grove1 which lay on the south shore. The Brickly Thatch is a curious, small palm, with straight, slender stems, a little larger than one's wrist, and about twenty feet in height, surmounted by a crown of shining, fan-shaped leaves. The bases of these trees are slightly en- larged, and they stand on a cone of stilted roots, which, with the soil and rubbish among them, fill the conical space almost solid. They grow thickly to the exclusion of all other vegetation, and the curious bunches of roots completely fill the space on the ground and make it quite difficult and awkward to get around. Under the al- most twilight of this dense copse I found excellent collecting, and I there discovered Colobostylus andreivsce, Cylindrella bourguignatiana and several other new species. Among other shells I kept finding specimens of the pretty little Helidna dysoni, but always dead and generally faded. An enterprising collector is never satisfied with dead shells, and I searched everywhere to find this rnollusk alive— under the dead, fallen palm leaves, in what rubbish lay around, on the stems of the palms, and among their tough, matted roots — but in vain, and I finally concluded that the colony, of which these were remnants, had either died out or migrated.
One day I visited a part of the grove that I had not seen before* a spot at its edge, and here I found a single living tree which had
1 Thrinax radiala.
14 THE NAUTILUS.
fallen over. I was interested in the crown of it from a botanical standpoint, and on examining the flowers and leaves I found a half a dozen or more of the snails I so much wanted on the under side of the latter. Then I looked up over head and saw, to my astonish- ment, that there were thousands of them. I had been walking day by da}' under a firmament of palms that was literally star-spangled with the pretty Helicina dysoni. It was like the story of the navi- gators who were perishing with thirst while sailing in the fresh water off the mouth of the Amazon.
But finding the Helicinas was one thing and getting them was quite another. I tried to shake the trees, but so thickly did they stand that their tops touched each other everywhere, and I might as well have tried to shake the post of a piazza. Then I started to climb one of them, but the hard, sharp fibres of the wood filled my hands and tore my clothes, and I gave that up. I looked for a pole but there was none to be had. The mangrove scrub between me and the sea was all short and crooked, and I found nothing suitable in the heavy tropical forest north of me, so I went home to the ship that night with the dozen or so I had captured, and a few dead shells. The next day I came by way of some clumps of a curious little palm, with slender stems an inch or more in diameter, growing in low ground and crowned with feathery leaves. I found a straight one among these, some 15 or 16 feet long, cut it and trimmed it with my pocket-knife, and when I reached the palm grove I soon had a shower of Helicinas falling around me. One soon tires of collecting anything that is very abundant, and in a little while I had all I cared for.
The moral of this little sketch, if it has any, is that in collecting it is necessary to look everywhere, even in the most unlikely places, and my experience has been that the collector who never allows anything to escape his eyes is, as a rule, the most successful.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACTAEON FROM THE QUATER- NARY BLUFFS OF SPANISH BIGHT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.
BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.
Actaeon Traskii.
Shell small, conical above, rounded below, rather solid, glossy ; sculptured by numerous fine impressed lines or grooves which be-
THE NAUTILUS. 15
come wider toward the base of the body whorl, making the sculpture of this part of the shell lirate ; the lirse sometimes slightly grooved ; otherwise sculptured by sharp, close set incremental threads, these are subordinate to the spiral sculpture. Color dull cream-white with two obscure rufous bands on the body whorl. Spire short, obtusely conical ; whorls six ; sutures distinct, narrowly channelled ; aperture about two-thirds the length of the shell, sharply angulated above, rounded and effuse below, finely lirate and glossy within, with a thin glazing on the body whorl. Outer lip simple. Colu- mella short, with a fold curving around to and thickening the edge of the lip below, which is moderately produced.
Length of shell 11 millimetres.
Length of body whorl 9 millimetres.
Breadth 6 millimetres.
The foregoing description is based on a single example in the col- lection of Mr. Homer Hamlin, of Los Angeles, Cal. The above form was collected by me in the same locality in the fall of 1887 the specimens are now in the U. S. National Museum.
It is a more robust and solid shell than the related species punc- toccelatus Cpr., which occurs in the same locality, and which is found living in many localities along the shore from Monterey, southerly. [ have named the above for the late Dr. John B. Trask, one of the founders of the California Academy of Science, and a pioneer in natural history investigations on the West Coast.
Los Angeles, Cal., March 15, 1897.
NOTES ON AGRIOLIMAX.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.
The accompanying figures were drawn by the writer several years ago, and sent to Mr. W. G. Binney, who kindly had them engraved along with others which were published in the Supplements to Terr. Moll., vol. V. These three, however, were not published, and it is thought well to present them at this time.
Fig. 1 represents the head and anterior part of the man- tle of a specimen of Agriolimax agrestis (L.) collected by Mr. Pilsbry in Philadelphia in 1889. The mantle is FIG. ]. bilobed in front, and the specimen represents the mon- strosity bilobatus Ferussac.
16 THE NAUTILUS.
Fig 2 represents the jaw of a specimen of Agriolimax campestris var. hyperboreus (Westerlund), collected by Prof. H. F. Wickham at Soda Spring, Yakima Co., FlG- : Wash., in 1889.
Fig. 3 represents a parasitic worm, believed to be a Leptodera, from A. campestris var., col- lected by Prof. H. F. Wickham at Quincy, Calif., 1889.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ETJLOTJE (HELICES) FROM
CENTRAL ASIA.
BY C. F. ANCEY.
I. Cathaica Funki n. sp.
Shell much depressed, openly and rather widely umbilicated, of a somewhat solid substance, opaque, bluish-white, paler beneath and also above the periphery, more or less spotted with a few puuctiform and pellucid dots beneath, a little shining, but not much so above. Spire greatly flattened, generally scarcely raised, barely convex,. apex obtuse, corneous or dark colored. Whorls 5, convex, regularly increasing, furnished with oblique smooth lines of growth, somewhat irregular ; the last whorl barely and gently deflected in front, sub- depressed above, more or less roundly angled above the middle, the angle being very obtuse and obsolete towards the aperture ; more convex around the umbilicus. Aperture oblique, well rounded, scarcely lunate, ample, margins not remote. Peristome simple, widened, briefly expanded, chiefly at the columellar edge, moder- ately thickened at the base and columella, not reflected.
Greater diam. 16-17 ; lesser 13 A-U ; height 7 J-8; of aperture 6|-
7J mill.
Karghalik, Central Asia (teste E. Funk).
Some years ago, I received this new species under the unpublished name of Helix Funki " Bottg.", and do not think it was ever de- scribed since. In form it is like Helix obvia Hartm., but the shell is of the same type and has the same characters of aperture as Helix stoliczkana Nevill, of Yarkand ; it, however, lacks the two straight brown bands of that species, in which they are a constant feature, and is more shining and less rugose. The style of color is quite similar to that of Helix rubens, although paler, at least as regards the three specimens now before me.
THE NAUTILUS. 17
From the same source and locality (Karghalik), I also obtained the form I have described as Bid. kmckalceivitzi, var. Funki.
II. Pseudiberus uniformis n. sp.=Helix plectotropsis (in parte) von Mart, et al=//. plectotropsis var. uniformis, Anc. olim.
This is the so-called variety that I had formerly looked upon (Le Naturaliste, 1887, p. 167) as a variety of Martens' Helix pledotropis. At that time I had a single specimen of the latter, but I now have more of the typical form (from Lake Tssyk-Kul and Karghalik) for comparison, so that I consider uniformis a very distinct, although allied form. Altogether it comes from a different district (Arassau Culak) and appears to be very constant. The characteristic features having already been described by myself in the paper I alluded to, I shall simply say that uniformis is a paler and more depressed shell than plectotropis, with a wider umbilicus and much more acute keel.
III. Pseudiberus anisopleurus n. sp.
Shell rather thin, of a greenish-horn color, coarsely sculptured, somewhat shining, closely related in form, size and shell characters to Nevill's mataianensis, found in the Dras Valley, region of Ladak, but of different and uniform color. Spire convex, not much elev- ated, obtuse. Whorls 5, convex, furnished with broad, distant and irregular ribs, closer and more regular on the under side, but never obsolete. Suture furnished with an appressed keel, canaliculate above. Body whorl briefly, but not abruptly falling in front, con- vex above the inserted keel, more so below, the keel somewhat irreg- ular, margined on both sides, especially above where the impressed line is very conspicuous. Umbilicus medium-sized. Aperture oblique, transversely oval, livid within, scarcely angular internally, barely lunate. Peristome white, moderately thickened, expanded, reflected below, chiefly towards the umbilicus. Margins not remote, connected by a thin shining callosity.
Great, diarn. 14?, less. 12-1 ; height 8, of aperture 6>!> mill.
Locality unknown, but judging from its very well marked affini- ties, this fine new species for which I am indebted to my friend Dr. A. Vayssiere, is undoubtedly from Central Asia. At a glance, I had mistaken it for mataianensis, which is known to me from the description and figure only, but am now satisfied it is very distinct. The color, sculpture and characters of the suture are not the same. In the latter respect the present Pseudiberus is more like the true /'. plectotropis, but the color is equally different, the size smaller and the ribs larger and much less numerous and regular.
18 THE NAUTILUS.
NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE UNIOS.
BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.
In 1834, Dr. Jared P. Kirtland published the statement that the sexes of the North American Unios were distinct, and that the shell of the female was characterized by a swelling in the post-basal re- gion, which was wanting in that of the male.1 He seems to have thought at that time that all the American species were thus dis- tinguished, but in a later publication he stated that he believed that about two-thirds of the American species have differentiated shells.2
This was corroborated by Dr. Isaac Lea,3 who showed that this enlargement of the shell of the female was for the purpose of hold- ing the charged oviducts, which, in such forms, were found in the posterior part of the outer branchiae. Lea, at various times, de- scribed the soft parts of some 250 species of Naiades, mostly North American Unios, and in a considerable number of these he found that the embryos occupied the entire outer branchise, while in four species — Unio multiplicatus Lea, U. rubiginosus Lea, U. subrotundus Lea and U. kleinianus Lea — they filled all four leaves of the branchiae.
In a statement made before the Boston Society of Natural His- tory,4 Agassiz proposed to divide up the Naiades into genera founded on the differences of structure of the animal as well as the characters of the shell, and to include under one genus a number of species of Unios, some of which (including U. alattis Say, the first one in the list) have the post-basal inflation of the female shell, and others in which it is lacking. Subsequently he used the name Lampsilis, of Rafinesque, with L. cardium Raf. as a type, and he gives in his list under this genus a number of species, all of which have the differ- entiated shells, and carry the young in the posterior part of the outer branchiae.5
In THE NAUTILUS, for December, 1895, Dr. V. Sterki published the results of his observations on American Unios, and gives some
1 Observations on the Sexual Characters of the Animals belonging to Lam- arck's family of Naiades. Am. Jl. Sci. and Arts, XXVI, 1834, p. 117-120.
2 Remarks on the vSexes and Habits of some of the Acephalous Bivalve Mollusca. Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1851, p. 85.
3 Description of New Freshwater and Land Shells. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.
4 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1848-51, p. 356.
5 Ueber die Gattungen unter den Nordamericanischen Najaden. Arch, fiir Naturg., 1852, pp. 41-52.
THE NAUTILUS. 19
very interesting statements regarding their anatomy. He places those species in which the young are carried in the posterior part of the outer branchiae, and the female shell is inflated in the post-basal region, in a group designated as A, which he states, as a rule, have bright shells, and are gravid from late summer to winter. In group B all four branchiae are charged throughout their length ; the shells are generally dull colored, and do not show marked differences be- tween male and female.
In my earlier attempts at classifying the Naiades, I based my ar- rangement almost wholly on shell characters. I did this because in the splendid collections of the National Museum we had either the types or authentic specimens of a very large proportion of the known, valid species, and because I was anxious to see whether a classification could be based on the shells alone that would be sup- ported by the evidence of the anatomy. I have since then ex- amined the soft parts of a large number of species, and carefully tabulated the results of the work of Lea and others, and I am ex- ceedingly gratified in being able to say that in almost every case the characters of the animal and shell seem to essentially agree. In a few instances, the evidence of the former has thrown important light on relationships which could not be determined with certainty from shell characters alone, and vice versa. In some cases, where there at first seemed to be a contradiction, more careful study has shown es- sential agreement.
There are certainly two great groups of North American Unios. In the first the shell is generally, though not always, covered with a hard, smooth, bright epidermis, which is often rayed or marked with patterns of attractive color. It is rarely sculptured with any- thing beyond slight concentric ridges, and in only a few instances has it any ridge on the posterior slope, and, with possibly one or two exceptions, the outline is never arcuate, even in old age. The fe- male shell is usually decidedly swollen in the posterior basal region to accommodate that part of the outer branchia? which contains the embryos. The beak sculpture is generally delicate, consisting, for the most part, of close, fine, paralled ridges, which have a tendency to fall into an anterior and posterior loop, the latter sharp pointed below.
The embryos are contained in the posterior part of the outer branchiaB. The ovisacks are distinct, being separated by a suture, and the whole marsupium is rounded below, projecting generall
-
-jJiLllRARI
20 THE NAUTILUS.
especially when tilled with young, below the inner gill. A slight fold commonly runs around it near the base, and parallel with it, which is often seen even when the whole is distended with young. The specialized marsupium of this group may be easily detected, even when it is empty, and when full it is a most beautiful object, the bases of the ovisacks being often rounded and colored. There are three or four, perhaps more, groups of this great division ; one typified by such oblong, smooth forms as Uniu anodontoides, luteolus, car i os us and Icevissimus ; another in which the inflated part of the shell is of different texture from the rest, is often distinctly marked out, and sculptured with radiating ridges ending in teeth at the edge, including Unio per -plexus, sulcatus, brevidens and the like ; a third containing short forms with a distinct posterior ridge and re- markably painted epidermis, such as Unio securis, donaciformis and, perhaps, caperatus and dromus.
This great group is certainly entitled to generic rank, and the divisions I have indicated may perhaps be made into subgenera. I believe that the name Lampsilis, proposed by Rafinesque, and after- wards used by Agassiz, may be applied to this genus.
The second great group contains forms in which there does not appear to be any special differentiation in shells due to sexual char- acters, and which are true Unios. In fact I consider the question as to the distinction or separation of the sexes in the true Unios and Anodontas far from being settled, although it is one which has been fought over since the time of Leuwenhock until the present. A number of excellent authorities have declared, after making many careful dissections, that the sexes of these forms were separate ; others equally capable have concluded that they were united, others that the earlier stage was that of a male and later on a female, while still others claim to have found the sexes united in some in- dividuals and separated in others.
The shells of this great group are usually rather dull in color ex- ternally, they often have a decided posterior ridge, and generally become arcuate in outline in old age. The beak sculpture, as a rule, is rather coarse and irregular, in most cases consisting of a few nearly straight bars, which are thickened where they pass over the posterior slope. At the extreme anterior and posterior dorsal por- tions of the young shell there are often found fine, radiating ridges, which sometimes pass below into the heavy, horizontal undulations. The embryos are distributed throughout the whole length of the
THE NAUTILUS. 21
gills, the branchiae when distended with them being perfectly smooth outside, and looking like pads. There seem to be two great groups of these forms, one characterized by simple, oval or oblong shells destitute of any strong sculpture, and probably carrying the young, as a rule, only in the outer branchiae, and this includes in the United States such forms as Unio gibbosus Bar., U. tetralasmus Say, U. buckleyi Lea, U. crassidens Lam. and U. complanatus Sol., and these are probably closely related to the European species. The other group has short, rather solid, often inflated shells, with a wide, heavy hinge plate, and it includes nearly all the pustulous, and all the plicate sculptured forms. Lea found the inner and outer gills filled with embryos in four of these species: U. multiplicatus Lea, subrotundus Lea, kleinlanus Lea, and rubiginosus Lea, and it is probable that, under favorable conditions, all or most of these spe- cies carry young to some extent, in the inner as well as the outer gill, though so far as I have observed the inner gill is never so com- pactly filled as the outer, and it is quite probable that with unfav- orable conditions the former may not be used as a marsupium.
Besides these there are a few aberrant forms which may be, as Wetherby has suggested, " geological remnants," such as Unio phnseolus Hild., U. irroratus Lea, and U. cornutus Bar., having remarkable modifications of the branchial uterus or marsupium. These three species will probably have to stand as the types of as many genera.
But little is known concerning the anatomy of the foreign Unios.1 The soft parts of all the European species have been examined, I believe, and descriptions which go into the minutiae, so far as color and trifling peculiarities of form are concerned, have been pub- lished, but which give no idea of vital characters or structure. From all that I can learn the anatomy of the European forms is very much like that of thecircumboreal Unio margaritiferus, which is much like that of Unio gibbosus, crassidens, tetralasmus and the like. Of the Oriental and African forms I know almost nothing. I have examined the soft parts of gravid specimens of Unio gabo- nensis Kuster from Tropical West Africa, and found that in them the embryos filled the inner branchiae alone.
It has been surmised that there was a close relationship between the Australasian Unios and those of South America. The shells of the species of the two faunas agree very closely in all characters ; in being destitute of rays, and having a uniform olive-green epider-
22 THE NAUTILUS.
mis and a slightly concentrically sculptured surface, simple out- lines, rather dull, bluish- white nacre, compressed cardinals and im- perfectly radial beak sculpture. Lea examined gravid specimens of Unio peculiaris Lea, and firmus Lea from South America, and found that only the inner gill was filled with embryos. Suter reported the same thing from an examination of Unio menziezi Gray from New Zealand. I recently received some fine alcoholic specimens of that species from him, and on examining them found, to my astonishment, that they agreed with Lea's descriptions of the soft parts of the South American forms as exactly as if they were the very animals that he had described. In all three species the outer gill is greatly produced below in the middle, the anal opening is destitute of papillae, and there is no super anal opening at all, characters which are conspicuous in the South American species. I had previously placed these Australasian and South American Unios in a subgenus by themselves, for which I used the name Diplodon, applied by Spix to some Brazilian forms,6 but I am satis- fied that they are entitled to generic rank, and Spix's name may be used for the group. I do not believe that they belong to the same phylum with the Unio gabonensis which, from conchological charac- ters, seems much more closely related to the forms of Southern India. This seems to add another link to the chain of evidence which goes to prove a relationship between the faunas of Australa- sia and South America, and it is a question whether this relation came about on account of migration, by way of an Antarctic laud way from one continent to another, or whether the two faunas are remnants of an earlier and generally distributed northern fauna that was driven south and superceded by more modern forms. The Unios of South America and Australasia are simple forms, both anatomically and conchologically. Long ago Ihering predicted that the earliest Unios would be found to have radial beak sculp- ture; and two of the fossil species recently described by the writer7 from what are supposed to be the Triassic freshwater beds of Texas have that which is strictly radial. In the Australasian and South American forms the beak sculpture is imperfectly radial, the central rays curve together and generally coalesce, and in some
6 The Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Pearly Fresh- water Mussels. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIII, 1896, p. 302.
7 Description of Four New Triassic Unios from the Staked Plains of Texas. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIII, 1896, pp. 381-385.
THE NAUTILUS. 23
cases they are slightly broken. In some of the Indian and African forms this sculpture becomes irregularly rayed and zig-zagged ; in the European forms it becomes somewhat concentric and often broken, while in Lampsilis we have the farthest departure from the simply radial, that is, the rays are all looped and joined in the cen- ter, where they are drawn up towards the beak. This genus has without doubt the most highly developed animal of any of the Unios, and is, in all probability, the most modern. I have seen no extinct forms which certainly belong to it, and it was probably developed in North American waters, to which it is still confined.
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
COLLECTING IN MONTEREY BAY.
(Extract from the report of Mrs. E. H. King. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.)
In the month of September I spent two weeks at Monterey Bay, and collected shells on about three miles of shore-line, rocky head- lands and sandy beaches. Along the shore I found many patches of soil literally packed with fossil shells. In the black soil they are soft and crumple easily, but in the sand hills near the light house they are quite firm. Haliotls rttfescens Swains, is the most abundant, but there are also great numbers of H. cracherodii Leach, and a variety of limpets; also Chlorostoma fimebrale A. Ad. I found in the sand hills a large perfect shell of Purpura canaliculata Duclos, much larger than any of the live shells I have seen.
We go down on the rocks as the tide goes out, take our lunch with us, and work until the tide rises and compels us to return. The first shells we find are the Littorinas, so very plentiful that large spaces and crevices are full of them. Two species abound L. plan- axis and L. scutulata. There also the limpet appears, Acmcea spec- trum is the highest, but is also found low down, and larger near low water. Next were Acmcea patina Esch., and A. scabra Nutt., then appears A. persona and A. pelta Esch. Lottia gigantea Gray, is very near low water mark, and a few large specimens of nearly all the others, the lower on the rocks they were the larger were their thin shells. Here also I found a few shells of Gadinia reticulata Sby.
24 THE NAUTILUS.
Acmcea asmi was numerous on Chlorostomas. A. mitra Esch. and A. rosacea Cpr. were found on the sandy beaches.
Monoceros lapilloides Conr., are quite abundant in the crevices of rocks constantly washed by the tide, and in the same localities a few M. engonatum Conr. Here also in the roaming breakers were large quantities of Purpura saxicola Val. There seem to be three well defined varieties, white with many large varices, almost black with small varices, and smooth with bands of brown. Among the rocks and in little pools of water were large quantities of Chlorostoma fune- brale A. Ad. They seem to be of two varieties, one plain and smooth and the other with a crinkled band around the body-whorl. The latter most abundant and largest in size. Chlorostoma brunneum Phil., is in the same locality but not nearly so numerous. Many of the C. brunneum are dead shells inhabited by the hermit crabs. In the same pools were Calliostoma costatum Mart, but numbers of them dead and the hermit crab in possession of the premises. A few C. canalicnlatum Mart, and C. annulatum, were also found but they were not such fine shells, as those washed upon the shore by the storms of winter. Low down on the rocks in the roaring waves were found some Haliotis cracherodii and some fine sea urchins. With the Haliotis we found a large beautiful Rupellaria lamellifera Conr. The mussels are very abundant in some places, literally darkening the rock. I think I found four species ; Modiola modiolus L., M. recta, Mytilus edulis and M. californianus Conr. Crepidula adunca Sby., was very abundant on the shells of Chlorostoma and C. navi- celloides Nutt. in the apertures of dead shells. I found a number of Chitons but have not yet been able to classify them.
On the beaches I found many species of shells that I have never found alive, Olivella biplicata Sby., Conus calij 'ornianw Hds., Nassa mendica Old., Amphissa corrugata Rve., Astyris gausapata Gld., Marginellajewettii Cpr., Lacuna unifasciata Cpr., Bittium quadrifila- tum Gld., and many others.
On the large beach at Monterey I found many rocks containing dead shells of borers, Parapholas californica and Pholadidea penita. In deep quiet pools at Point Pinas I found beautiful starfish. Some of a deep orange color, others dark red, some dark purple, others pale yellow. I saw some beautiful Anemones differing from any I had seen, they were eight or ten inches in diameter, and beautifully iridescent, the play of colors resembling a great opal with greenish lights. The holidays ended, and reluctantly I said good-bye to the beautiful bay.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. JULY, 1897. No. 3.
SYNOPSIS OF THE PINNID.E OF THE UNITED STATES AND WEST
INDIES.
BY WM. H. DALL.
In revising the Tertiary Pinnidce it became necessary to examine the recent species and their synonymy. As certain changes in the accepted nomenclature appear necessary, the following synopsis may be useful.
Family PINNIDCE.
Genus PINNA Linne, 1758.
Valves medially sulcate.
Pinna rudis (Linne) Chemn., (-f pernula Reeve non Chemn.) ; Bermuda, Bahamas.
Pinna carnea Gmelin, (-{-pernula Chemn. non Reeve; -\- degen- era Link, 1807; -f flabelhnn (Lam.) Reeve, 1858; -\-varicosa (Lam.) Orb., 1853 ; -f ? bullata (Swains.) Reeve, 1858).
Florida Keys, north to near Hatteras and south to Trinidad ; also in the Red Sea.
Genus ATRINA Gray, 1847.
Valves entire.
Atrina riyida Dillwyn apud Solander, 1817, (-f- pectinata Born non Linne ; + seminuda Lam., 1819, non Reeve ; -f- alia Sby., 1835; -\-subviridis Reeve, 1858; -\-dorbicjnyi Hanley, 1858; -f- carolinensis Hanley, 1858; -\-ramulosa Reeve, 1858; -\-seminuda Holmes, 1859 ; -(- muricata of American authors, but not of Linue or Reeve).
26 THE NAUTILUS.
Cape Fear, North Carolina, to the northern shores of South America.
Atrina serrata Sowerby, 1825, (-J- squamosissima Phil., 1849; -f- seminuda Reeve, non Lam. ; -j- muricata Holmes, non Linne or Reeve ; -f seminuda of American authors, not Lam.).
Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Guadeloupe, West Indies.
The type of serrata was a very young shell with finely developed sculpture. The true Pinna muricata (L.) Reeve, is probably an Oriental species, it is not at present known from America.
ON TWO SO-CALLED " BULIMI " FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES.
BY C. F. ANCEY.
Several years ago, Dr. Wm. D. Hartman described and figured two very interesting land shells from Segon Island, New Hebrides Archipelago, under the names of " Bnlimus " ruga and " Bulimus " JBernieri. The English diagnoses and illustrations of these appeared in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, 1890, page 284, plate III, figs. 1 and 2. These shells were until quite recently known to me from the figures and descriptions quoted above, but I succeeded when in Paris in December, 1896, in procuring specimens. My opinion was they were not at all " Bulimi " as suggested by Dr. Hartman, but modified forms of the Diplomorpha type. I now think there can be but little doubt they belong to the latter genus. The texture of shell, outline and exter- nal characters are not dissimilar, and in the best preserved speci- mens of Diplomorpha ruga and bernieriboth have the throat tinged with blood-red color as in the typical D. iayardi, although the de- scriber mentioned the fact in one of them only. No epidermis re- mains on the shells, not very numerous indeed, observed by me, but it may be very deciduous, and its absence gives the shells a rough and uneven appearance. I am indebted to Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg for a nice example of bernieri, and the shell is somewhat straw- colored like ruga. Of the latter, I procured two specimens, one much larger than the type, the other, on the contrary, considerably smaller. The parietal denticle is wanting in the species under con- sideration, as well as in Diplomorpha delatouri.
Segon Island, the locality where ntga and Bernieri were found, is, I believe, in the Espiritu Santo group, that is, in the northern
THE NAUTILUS. 27
portion of the Archipelago, but is not on the maps accessible to me.
Mr. Crosse, in his recent paper on the New Caledonia laud and freshwater shells published in the "Journal de Conchyliologie," said that " Helix " singularis and its allies, represent in that fauna the New Hebrides Diplomorpha, but I fail to detect so great an analogy. It is right to observe, by the by, that singularis is really found on Aneitum, one of the New Hebrides ; Mr. E. L. Layard sent me two specimens from there, much smaller than any one I ever saw from New Caledonia, but otherwise quite the same. I must add that the true Pseudopartula (type Helixgalericulum^'Lous- son), has nothing to do with this Melanesiau group, and are evidently related to Amphidromus. Montrouzier's name Drapar- naudia should be applied to singularis and sinistrorsa. The affini- ties of the genus are difficult to state until the soft parts are ex- amined.
I avail myself of the opportunity of adding three species to the list of New Caledonian species of Mr. Crosse who certainly over- looked them, viz., Helicina nehoueensis, bourailensis and saxoniana, all of Hartman.
A NEW CANCELLARIA FROM THE ALABAMA EOCENE.
BY T. H. ALDRICH.
Cancellaria lanceolata n. sp.
Shell elongated, whorls seven, first three nuclear and smooth, the
others cancellated and having three strong revolving lines, the mid- dle one much the larger, the costse numerous and fine. Whorls are shouldered, suture deeply marked; body whorl with seven or eight revolving raised lines. Aper- ture oblong, outer lip serrated by the raised lines, nearly smooth within. Columella lip without callus, bearing two or more folds, part of the raised lines passing into the aperture to form them ; canal short, oblique, slightly twisted, no umbilicus. Length 7J, diam. 3f mm. Locality. — Choctaw Corner, Ala. Woods Bluff horizon. This little shell has some resemblance to C. pulcherima H. C.
Lea, but Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Wagner Free Institute of
Science, has compared the two and finds the above distinct. The
28 THE NAUTILUS.
specimens are not fully matured. One of the two specimens has been presented to the " Lea Collection," in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM GRAND TOWER, ILLINOIS.
BY FRANK C. BAKER.
During the latter part of April and first part of May, Mr. Frank M. Woodruff spent two weeks collecting birds in Jackson and Union Counties, Illinois, and incidentally picked up a number of mollusks, and the general conditions of the locality, and the small number of shells collected seem to warrant a few notes. This locality is situa- ted on the Mississippi River, north of Big Muddy River, in the southwestern part of the State.
Of the localites visited Mr. Woodruff says : " The shells were found in a rocky glen or cleft in the center of the chain of high precipices known by the names of Fountain Bluff, Devil's Bake Oven and Backbone. This cleft or ravine begins about three-quar- ters of a mile from the face of the cliff and gradually descends in a northwesterly direction until the bottom is reached, and one may stand upon a broad shelf of rock ten feet from the ground, with high overhanging cliffs of bare rock on both sides. A stream of clear spring water flows down this ravine and falling over the high shelves of rock has formed numerous round pools or basins. I was surprised to find no shells in the stream, and could only collect a few specimens of Limncea humilis, which I found clinging to the wet moss under the falls. The balance of the shells were found under the moss and old logs at the base of the cliff. Fountain Bluff is five miles from the town of Grand Tower, and is three miles long from north to south and about one and a half miles wide. According to Worthen's Geology of Illinois, the Backbone or ridge is formed by an uplift of Devonian strata which is tilted to an angle of about 25°, and dips to the northeast. The bluffs consist of Chester limestone and sandstone overlaid by conglomerate. The top of the bluff is covered with a rich growth of timber, among which are Willow, Sweet Gum, Qupelo tree, Sycamore, Cottonwood, Honey Locust, Hock Berry, Box Alder, Red Birch, White Ash, Black Ash, Red Oak, Mulberry, Persimmon, White and Black Oak, etc., are the most common."
THE NAUTILUS. 29
Thirteen species were obtained, and may be noted as follows:
1. 'CIRCINARIA CONCAVA Say. A number of large and typical specimens of this species were collected and kept alive for a long time on the writer's desk. On May 18th two individuals were noted in coitu, the coitus lasting from 8 o'clock A. M. to 6 o'clock P. M. During this time both animals were perfectly quiet, the eye pedun- cles and tentacles drawn into the head and the foot contracted to form a rounded oval. During the coitus the heart, which normally beats about 75 times per minute, was reduced to 19 very slow and long beats. The foot of the snail taking the active part was partly covered by the passive snail, and the former's head was slightly lifted. The specimens measured about 15 mill, in greatest diameter.
2. VITREA ARBOREA Say. A few specimens of this species were obtained under and in rotting logs. All were perfectly typical.
3. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA Griffith. The specimens obtained were rather dark in color and about half grown, the umbilicus wide and deep.
4. POLYGYRA (MESODON) ALBOLABRIS Say. But a single speci- men of this species was obtained alive, and that was very large, measuring 34 mill, in greatest diameter. The animal was kept in captivity for several weeks, and was more active than any of the other species of Mesodon that the writer has studied. It wasstarted at the bottom of a book case door four feet long and reached the top in about half an hour. The examination of the lingual membrane gave 45-1-44 teeth with ten perfect laterals. In this membrane the 38th tooth was abnormal in having three well formed cusps of equal size, instead of a bifid inner cusp.
5. POLYGYRA (MESODON) EXOLETA Binney. Several typical specimens of this species were collected, among which there was one without the parietal tooth. The lingual membrane of one specimen gave 47-1-47 teeth with eight perfect laterals. The marginals were very variable, some being with and some without side cusps. It is probable that several teeth were torn away from this mem- brane, although there could not have been the normal number given by Binney, 60-1-60.
6. POLYGYRA (MESODON) THYROIDES Say. All specimens were of the normal form.
J For the change in names of several of the genera and species here listed, see Pilsbry, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894--97, where adequate reasons are given.
30 THE NAUTILUS.
7. POLYGYRA (TniOUOPSIs) TRIDENTATA FRAUDULENTA Pilsbry.
A single specimen of this subspecies was collected by Mr. Woodruff. Its radula differed considerably from that given in Birmey's Manual of American Land Shells (p. 292), where 40-1-40 teeth with 12 perfect laterals is given. The present specimen had 27-1-27 teeth with 11 perfect laterals. The 17th tooth had a bifid inner cutting point, but all before it were simple. The 13th tooth showed a decided modification. The jaw was as usual, with 12 rather stout ribs.
8. POLYGYRA (TRIODOPSIS) INFLECTA Say. The specimens col- lected were of the usual form.
9. POLYGYRA (STENOTREMA) MONODON FRATERNA Say. The specimens examined had 31-1-31 teeth on the lingual membrane with 10 perfect laterals, and the 13th tooth had a bifid inner cutting point.
10. POLYGYRA (STENOTREMA) HIRSUTUM Say. The specimens obtained were of the normal form. One specimen measured 8£ mill, in greatest diameter. The radula was as given by Binney, 22-1-22 teeth with 10 perfect laterals, and the jaw had eight ribs.
11. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA Say. The specimens collected are rather coarsely striated (or ribbed) and approach var. mordax Shuttl., but the ribbing is not quite as strong as in that variety.
12. PYRAMIDULA PERSPEOTIVA Say. Among the specimens ob- tained was one measuring 10 mill, in greatest diameter.
13. LIMN^A HUMILIS Say. A number of specimens were col- lected in the moss under a waterfall. Mr. Woodruff reports finding all the specimens out of the water.
It was remarkable that so few species of mollusks were found, and also that the species were so few in individuals. Mr. Woodruff' says that a part of the region is made up of sandstone and conglomerate, and this may account for the great paucity of molluscan life. Mr. Woodruff' searched diligently many times, particularly for the smaller forms, and states that at no time did he find more than one shell at one time, all seeming to live solitary lives.
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
Through the courtesy of Mr. Herbert Lowe, the writer had the pleasure of meeting our former member, Mr. Edward W. Roper of
THE NAUTILUS. 31
Revere, Mass. Mr. Roper is now in Pasadena, Cal. He was one of the founders of our chapter. One of his contributions to the Trans- actions of the chapter in its early days was an interesting paper on " Studies in the Genera Sphserium and Pisidium," in 1889.
Mr. J. J. White, of Rockledge, Florida, has gone to Frankfort, Mich, for the summer months. The Vol. of Transactions should be sent to him at the latter address.
One of our valued members, in a letter, tells of a unique way in which devil-fish are caught by some foreigners. The following is an extract from the letter, written from San Diego County, Cal. ; " We met two men and a woman, apparently Portuguese and from La Playa, who were making a collection of devil-fish. One of the men carried a pail of lime water, and when they came to a devil-fish residence, he would pour half a pint or so of the lime water into the hole, and await developments. And they would come every time, too. It would be a very short time till the devil-fish would come squirming out of his hole, to get away from the lime, and be picked up by the men, thrown down on the rocks two or three times, until he was partially stunned, and then put with his fellows in a pail carried for the purpose. We watched the proceedings two or three times, and G. asked what they were going to do with them ; ' eat them, they are fine,' was the astounding answer. It sounded like the biggest kind of a joke, but the people did not look or act so." As the Chinese are said to eat these mollusks there is no doubt they were in earnest. How they could locate the Octopus in each hole, is, to the writer, a mystery.
FLORIDA SHELLS.
[Extract from the report of Mr. J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac
Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896.]
«
Business calling me to Miami and Palm Beach in July, I deter- mined not to let so fine an opportunity for collecting pass without improving it. After concluding my business at Miami and Cocoa- nut Grove, I started out to hunt for the beautiful Orthalicus undid us Brug. and Liguus fasciatus Mull., but much to my regret was soon compelled to stop my search on account of the myriads of mosquitoes which infested the dense hummocks in which I was searching. I only succeeded in finding three live Orthalicus and one dead Liguus and some live Helix varians. Hoping for
32 THE NAUTILUS.
better success I started out on the waters of Bay Biscayne, and was well repaid for doing so by discovering a colony of seventeen Pyrula papyratia. They were all moving along, a compact body, to the northward, and it was one of the finest sights I have ever seen while collecting. The animals were beautifully marked with crimson and brown spots. Their eyes were large and black, and their long, flat heads and necks were light gray. It seemed hard to have to take them from their native element and kill them for their shells.
Four very fine Cyprce-a exanthema were found clinging to some mangrove roots, while close by on some rocks, several feet above the water, was a colony of hundreds of Tedarius muricatus and among them a handful of small Nerita versicolor. Already having a good supply of Tectarius at home, I only collected a few of the largest, and the Neritas. Littorina lineata covered the rocks every- where, but I did not molest them. One very fine Area noae was soon added to those already in the basket. Some fine Area pouder- osa were also found. Fulgur perversum, F. carica, F. pyrum were quite plentiful, but they were only small ones, so only a few of each were taken.
My time being limited, I had to get back to Miami to take the train for Palm Beach, on Lake Worth — Lake Worth being my old and favorite collecting place. It would be difficult to find a better collecting place, for its size, than the flats around Lake Worth In- let. Lake Worth is a fine body of salt water lying parallel with the Atlantic Ocean, and separated from it by a narrow strip of land which, in some places, is only a very few rods in width. It is twenty-two miles long and averages from one-half to three-quarters of a mile in width. The sands washing in from the ocean have formed a large flat inside the lake at the inlet, and it is there we do our collecting. I have spent many days there very profitably. In the two days.spent therein July I collected about three hundred Strom- bus pug His in all stages of growth ; Strombus accipitrinus, S. biiuber- culatus and S. yigas to he had for the taking. I also found, in lim-. ited numbers, Lucina tigrina, L. pennsylvanica and L. divaricata, Dosinia elegans, Dolium galea, Cassis ccmaliculatus, C. testiculus, Cardium magnum and C. isocardia, while on every hand N«s«a vibex, Cerithium minimum, C. muscarum, C. literatum, C. floridanum, Neritina virginea and Iphigenia brasiliana were found by the thou- sands.
On the rocks on the north side of the inlet were found numbers of Purpura hcemastoma and P. hcemastoma var. undata. The rocks
THE NAUTILUS. 33
there are literally covered with Siphonaria lineolata and Littorina lineata. One thing was very noticeable to me while collecting there, and that was the great numbers of Strombus pugilis. While living on the lake for seven years, I only found six living ones in the lake, and now there are thousands. The largest, S. giyas, are fast disap- pearing.
While on the flats at the old inlet, one mile below the present in- let, I discovered a colony of Cerithium minimum which attracted my attention by their distorted growth, and I at once collected half a pint of them. The spot where they were located was somewhat higher than the main flat, and at low tide would be exposed for several hours at a time. Whether this exposure caused this strange growth, or some other condition of immediate surroundings, I am at a loss to determine. I took especial pains to examine those at the present inlet, and I failed to find the distorted ones there, al- though they, at times, are exposed to the suu at low tides.
I found some Calistas on the mud flats east of Pitt's Island, a mile north of the inlet, which were new to me. On sending them to Professor Pilsbry they proved to be Calista varians, and are said to be the first reported from Florida. Suites of these have been sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia and to the Smithsonian Institution and to some members of the Chapter, and so the list was soon disposed of. I also found a nice suit of Venus cribraria, which was also given to the Smithsonian Institution. I came away from Lake Worth well pleased with the results of two days' collecting.
During the past year I have made thirty-seven exchanges with persons in all sections of the country, and have added four hundred and twenty different varieties to my collection. My correspondence with the members of the Chapter has been pleasant, and all the ex- changes very satisfactory. (Mr. White's generous offer to send shells to the members of our Chapter was published in THE NAU- TILUS for February. By this time the stock would be exhausted).
NOTES AND NEWS.
SINISTRAL AMPULLARIA. — It may be of interest to readers of the NAUTILUS to know that in the collection of Ampullaria of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, numbering about an lam-
34 THE NAUTILUS.
dred species, hut one sinistral individual was found, of the species A. cornea Wood. It is a clearly defined Ampullaria, and could not be confounded with the genus Lanistes. — Jennie E. Letson.
HELICINA RABEI, n. sp. Shell lenticular, acutely carinated low- conic above ; yellowish- or fleshy-white or red variously banded and figured ; surface finely sulcate spirally. Whorls 85, flat above, the last convex below the acute peripheral keel. Aperture subtriangu- lar, oblique, dark red within, at least in part; peristome well ex- panded, white ; axial callous heavy, rugose, varying from dark reddish-brown to translucent white in color. Alt. 6'3, greatest diarn. 11, lesser 8-7 mm. Another specimen measures, alt. 5'2, diameters 9 and 7'5 mm. Pelew Is. (Dr. Rabe). This acutely keeled and spirally lirate species is remarkably variable in coloration. Types, no. 68,854 coll. A. N. S. P., presented by Mr. John Ford.— H. A. Pilsbry.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
Professor Wm. H. Ball's Report on the Mollusks collected by the International Boundary Commission of the United States and Mex- ico, 1892-1894 (Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., 1896, issued in 1897), is one of the most important documents yet published upon the inland mollusk fauna of the southwest. It treats of a region rarely visited by snail collectors, and consequently but little known, and places the conchology of the region on a solid basis. The region north of Mexico, between the Rio Grande and the Colorado, seems to be a prolongation northward of the fauna of the mountains of northern Mexico, rather than a southern extension of that of the Great Basin west of the Rocky Mountains. It presents features due to contri- butions from the Californian and Mexican regions, the latter pre- dominating, with a few stragglers from the north. The plains are almost uniformly arid and frequently alkaline, and nearly all the Pulmonates were collected at the upper levels of the various mount- ain ranges near the boundary. Epiphragmophora extends into the region, being represented in Arizona and New Mexico by four spe- cies, of which two, arizonensis and hachitana are new. The Poly- gyra levettei groups proves to be prolific in species, five, of which four are described by Dall, being found. The classification of Holo- -spira proposed in the last volume of THE NAUTILUS is fully set forth
THE NAUTILUS. 35
and new species figured. Cionella lubrica and Pyramidula striyosn are among the northern species occurring in the Boundary region. The discussion of the Boundary fauna is followed by an extended treatment of the Lower Califbrnian Bulimuli,ii\ which a number of obscure matters are righted. In conclusion is given a list of marine mollusks from the termination of the international boundary and from San.Clemente Island.
Evidence is adduced indicating that within comparatively recent geologic time, probably Post-Pliocene, Mexico has been almost in- sulated from the Continent north of it.
The Journal de Conchyliologie for April, 1896 (issued about April 7, 1897), contains an important article on Pleurobranclms and related genera, by Prof. A. Vayssiere, of Marseilles.
Dr. R. Ellsworth Call has added a valuable paper to the scant literature of American cave faunas in his Notes on the Flora and Fauna of Mammoth Cave, Ky. (American Naturalist, May, 1897). The only mollusk found by him in the cave is a Carychium, consid- erably like C. exiguum, which he describes as C. stygium. About 150 examples were collected in " Mammoth Dome," on the wet sur- faces of old bridge timbers, which have been lying undisturbed for forty or fifty years.
Dr. Heiurich Sim roth gives a preliminary communication upon Russian slugs,1 based upon the study of materials in the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy and the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfurt. The Caucasus Mountain region is the district of greatest peculiarity, having a number of special types. Simroth truly says that for the satisfactory working out of the species and their inter-relationships, the investigation of the genitalia and intes- tinal tract suffice ; but for the understanding of the genera and their phylogeny, the other organs, especially the heart, pallial re- gion, kidney and lung must be examined, a condition very rarely fulfilled. The Testacellidce and Arionidce are briefly commented on, and the following genera of Limacidce noted : Agriolimax, Para- Umax, Lytopelta, Gigantolimax, Metalimax, Monochroma, Parma- cella. Metalimax and Monochroma are new, the former near Para- Umax, but differing in the male genitalia; the latter is near Limax, but the eye-retractor does not pass between branches of geuitalia,
^•Vnnuaire du Mus. Zool. de 1'Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersburg, 1896.
36 THE NAUTILUS.
etc. It is hoped that nothing will hinder the timely comple- tion of this important work.
Another thorough anatomical paper, "Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Coniden," by Dr. R. Bergh, has appeared (Nova Acta der K. Leop.-Carol. Deutchen Akad. der Naturforscher, LXV, No. 2). It is a well illustrated work on the soft anatomy of one of the most prominent families of marine Gastropods, the Conidce, which, like many other groups, has long been well known conchologically, but only slightly anatomically. C. Pealii is the only United States species investigated.
In their " Diagnoses d'Esp. Nouv. de Pelecypodes et de Gastero- podes " (Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1897), by Ph. Dautzenberg and H. Fischer, a good many species from the eastern Atlantic dredged by the "Hirondelle" and " Princesse Alice," are described but not figured1.! Amphirissoa, Basifissopsis and Aliceia are new genera. Species of Turcicula, Cocculina, Cetoconcha and other interesting genera are included. Mons. H. Fischer seems to be following in the footsteps of his distinguished father. In M. Dautzenberg he has an experienced and able collaborator.
Mr. Charles Hedley has recently described and figured a second fine species of Thersites from New Guinea, T. septentrionalis. It is more elevated than T. broadbenti, more like the Queensland T. etheridgei (Rec. Austr. Museum, III, No. 1). In conjunction with Dr. Arthur Willey, the same author describes a new Astrafium of the subgenus Guildfordia, from New Britain. It is some 45 mm. in diarn., and resembles the well-known A. triumphant from Japan.
Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby have contributed to the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for June, 1897, another article upon Laud and Fresh Water Mollusca from South Africa. New species of Achatina, Ennea, Papa and other genera are described, and also a species of Hapalus, a Bulimoid group not hitherto found so far south.
An interesting paper by Mr. Harold Heath (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) demonstrates the possession of small but Avell developed tegmenta upon the valves of young Californian Oryptochiton Stelleri. There are also small "sutural tufts," homologous with those of Acanthocliites. A good plate illustrates these and other features.
^^
ilLIBRARY
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. AUGUST, 1897. No. 4.
NOTE ON LANDSHELLS FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA.
BY W. H. BALL.
The National Museum has received an interesting small lot of landshells from Dr. W. L. Abbott, collected in the vicinity of Prang, on the Malay Peninsula. One of them appears to be new, and particularly elegant. The others have been identified by the aid of Mr. Charles T. Simpson and Professor H. A. Pilsbry. The list is as follows :
Ariophanta retrorsa Gould.
Planispira hardouini De Morgan.
Hemipleeta Leechi De Morgan.
Macrochlamys resplendens Phil.
Macrochlamys diadema Dall, n. sp.
Helicarion lineolatus von Martens.
Amphidromus sinensis Benson, small var. ?
Amphidromus xiengensis L. Morelet.
Amphidromus sp. indet. (immature).
Cydophorus Nevillei von Martens.
Cydophorus Pfeifferi Sowerby.
Cydophorus Cantor i Benson.
Leptopoma vitreum Lesson.
Vivipara quadrata Benson.
Nanina (Macrochlamys ?) diadema n. sp.
Shell translucent yellow-brown, polished, depressed, with six and a half whorls, of which the apical two and a half are pale and smooth, the remainder show a deeply channeled suture outside of
THE NAUTILUS.
which the whorl rises abruptly, its rounded crest cut into rounded nodules like the joints of a millipede by deeply incised lines in har- mony with the lines of growth ; there are about 38 of these divisions on the last whorl ; the incisions override the crest and extend nearly to the periphery, becoming gradually fainter ; periphery and base marked only by incremental lines, rounded, with a minute perforate umbilicus, over which a small portion of the inner lip is bent ; peri- stouie thin, sharp, the body showing hardly any callus ; max. diam. 16, min. diam. 13, alt. 10 mm.
This elegantly sculptured species seems to differ much from any yet described. Its nearest relatives are M. compluvialis Blanf., and M. conval/ata Benson, which have a channelled suture, but do not have the transverse sculpture cutting the crest of the enclosing whorls. The types are in the National Museum.
ON A NEW HOLOSPIRA FROM TEXAS.
BY W. H. BALL.
Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamilton! n. sp.
Shell slender, polished, spindle-shaped, pinkish-white, with a darker livid apex, and about 13 whorls ; nucleus blunt, smooth, later three whorls delicately obliquely striated, central whorls smooth, last whorl with delicate oblique riblets with wider inter- spaces; aperture projected, rounded, subangular at the right poste- rior corner, the lip entire, reflected, the pillar rather wide; the last whorl flattened and attenuated. Lon. 19, max. diam. 5 mm.
Collected in the Rio Grande Mts., Brewster Co., Texas, at a height of 3,500 feet, living on Selaginella lepidophylla Spring, by Mr. James M. Hamilton, and presented to the National Museum through Dr. R. W. Shufeldt.
This species is very much like H. (Metastoma) semistriata Stearns, externally, differing in its smaller and more slender shell and finer and more delicate sculpture of the later whorls near the aperture.
QUARTER-DECKS AND JINGLES.
BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.
Several years ago, in the course of a conversation with Captain J. W. Collins, of the U. S. Fish Commission, relating to the various
THE NAUTILUS. 39
materials used by the oyster planters for collecting the spat or form- ing spawning-beds, certain shells were mentioned by him that were systematically collected and sold to the oystermen. These shells were locally known by the names given in the above title. On looking into the matter, the " Quarter-decks " proved to be Crepi- dula fornicata Linne, and the " Jingles " a species of Anomia, pre- sumably A. simplex Orbigny. As popular names go, these are not so bad, for there is a peculiar jingle produced by Auomia valves when many are shaken together, and the septum in Crepidula con- sidered in connection with the boat-like shape of the species, C. fornicata, suggests a partially decked vessel.
The abundance of these forms in the region referred to, is indica- ted by the following data kindly furnished (July, 1889) by Dr. H. M. Smith, of the Fish Commission, on " The Fertilization of Certain Shell-fish at Greenport, N. Y., locally known as Mingles' and ' Quarter-decks.' "
Since 1880, these shells have been extensively used for the pur- pose of forming spawning-beds for oysters, the idea of so employing them having originated with Captain James Monsell, of Greenport. The shells are taken with dredges between the first of October and the first of July, and are sold by the fishermen to dealers at the rate of four cents a bushel. At times they bring more, according to the demand. A law prohibiting the taking of them between the first of July and the first of October went into effect in 1888. The shells lie on the docks until July, when they are taken to the planting grounds and sold -to the oystermen. Unlike the scallops used for the same purpose, the jingles and quarter-decks are not opened when caught.
The Crepidulas or quarter-decks being gastropods (univalves), no opening is possible, and the two pieces or parts of the bivalve Anomias or jingles, readily separate when dead and dry. The scal- lop or Pecten shells (P. irradians Lam.) are opened in order to ex- tract the meats, the sales of which yielded the men engaged in the scallop-fishery of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, principally the two first States, in the year 1892, $114,695, the pro- duct of 137,284 bushels of this species of Pecten. The emptied shells, a residual product, are utilized as before indicated.
" Investigations by an agent of the U. S. Fish Commission show that in 1887 there were taken 130,000 bushels of 'quarter-decks' and 'jingles ' valued at $5,200. In 1888 the output of the fishery
40 THE NAUTILUS.
was 110,000 bushels, valued at $4,400, while the catch in 1889, up to and including the 19th of June, was 75,000 bushels, valued at $3,000."
The marvellous abundance in certain localities of the various spe- cies above named, is, aside from the economic value of the fishery, of exceeding interest to the naturalist. What proportion of the total quantity, 315,000 bushels of jingles and quarter-decks, belong to the latter species, Crepidula, is not stated ; probably much less than half, and quite likely not more than a quarter; presumably the quarter-decks are attached to, or are adherent upon, the jingle or Anomia shells, domiciliares upon the valves of the latter species, the same as the West American species.
Crepidula rugosa is a domiciliare on the shells of Pecten cequisul- catus Cpr., the Californian analogue of P. irradians. It is not at all infrequent to find from three to six individuals of the West Coast Crepidula on a single specimen of the Pecten.
Beside the use of oyster, clam, scallop, quarter-deck and jingle shells for forming spawning-beds, the oystermen in some instances and in some places, are utilizing old tin cans as catchment objects for the spat to fasten upon. AVhat with the packing of adult oysters at the canneries and the entrapping of the innocent unsophisticated fry on old tin pots and cans, the situation may be said to look to an old man in a balloon, or a young man " up a tall tree," like can- ning the oysters at both ends.
Los Angeles, Cal., June, 1897.
NEW UNIOS.
BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.
Unio Pinei sp. nov.
Shell wide or oblong, moderately and uniformly thin, dorsal and ventral margins usually parallel, subtruncate or obliquely rounded before, biangular and truncated behind. Epidermis reddish-brown ; olive above, polished and thickly covered with unequal rays. Beaks scarely elevated above the dorsum, and surrounded by four or five fine concentric, undulating ridges. Ligament thin, reddish, long and depressed. Greatest diameter in the centre of the shell. Beak cavities slight. Cavity of the valves ample and tray-shaped. Nacre
THE NAUTILUS. 41
brilliant arid copper-colored, very iridescent and remarkably corus- cated ; the upper third being stained darker. Lateral teeth equal, long, slender, slightly curved and extending fully to the cardinals. Cardinal teeth inclined to be double in both valves, compressed, ob- lique and serrulate. Cicatrices well impressed, showing the pris- matic layers, the anterior ones being roughened in the posterior portion and widely distinct, and the posterior ones confluent. Pal- lial lines obscure. Dorsal notch long and shallow. Width 3 inches, length 1.5 inches, diameter 1 inch.
Habitat. — An unnamed lake in Witthacoochee River region of Hernando Co., Florida.
Type in National Museum.
Remarks. — It is difficult to assign a place to this shell, partaking as it does of the features of several members of the Buckleyi group. It has the subtruncate anterior of U. coruscus Gould, and approaches that species in nacre, which in our shell is of a deeper and richer tint, and is not so pointed behind, is more inflated, straighter dor- sum, lighter teeth, more rayed and has a red instead of a blacki>h epidermis, and attains a much greater size. From U. Hinkleyi B. H. W., it differs in the abrupt anterior, sides more rounded, darker nacre, and in the reddish, instead of black epidermis. It is in every way more gracile than U. Buckleyi Lea, and is not so pointed be- hind. Nor has it the ponderous umbos, arched dorsum and rounded base of that species.
Sixty specimens of all ages have been observed, showing a re- markably perfect uniformity of characters. It is named for the discoverer, Mr. George Pine, of Aripeka, Hernando Co., Florida.
(To be Continued.)
MELANIA YOKOHAMENSIS, N. SP.
BY W. D. HARTMAN.
Shell elongate, conic, gradually tapering to an acute apex. Whorls 7, suture lightly impressed ; surface smooth, with obscure spiral lines, color yellowish-green ; aperture white, opercle brown, oval and corneous. Length 35 mill., width 13 mill. ; width of aperture 6 mill., length of aperture 10 mill.
Locality. — Yokohama, Japan, B. Schmacker collector.
42 THE NAUTILUS.
This shell was given me by Mr. Schinacker several years ago. Some sent Dr. Brot, of Geneva, were pronounced new at the time.
ISAAC LEA DEPAETMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- ion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
May 28th, the volume of Transactions was forwarded from San Diego east. Since that date the General Secretary has received no word regarding it.
SEEING EYES.
[From the report of Mrs. E. A. Lawrence. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896].
Lowell says, " Eyes are not so common as people think, or poets would be plentier," and, what he has said of poets, could be said with equal truth of naturalists. Nature, to ninety-nine per cent, of the human family, is a closed book, not because she is not willing to have her pages opened, but because people have no eyes to see with. Thoreau could find in his back-door yard, or, on the shore of Wai- don Pond, the material for printed volumes. It was not because these places had more of interest in them than similar places else- where, but it was because Thoreau had trained his eyes to see. How many people, of all those who yearly visit our sea-shore, have seeing eyes ? They will tell us of the beauty of the foam-capped waves, or the brilliant tints of the water at sunset ; but they will pass with unseeing eyes on careless feet over myriads of living creatures, creatures so wonderful in their mechanism, so beautiful in their form and coloring, and so cunning in their instincts, that they show to the observer the perfect workmanship of the great master, Nature.
About two years ago, I began to view the sea-side world through open eyes, and in that time I have collected over two hundred spe- cies of mollusca in the vicinity of San Pedro Bay. This past year I found beneath shelving rocks the little Megetabennm bimaculatus Dall, and nestling in hollows in the rough rocks I found a number of Gadinia reticulata Cpr. ; the latter are so nearly the color of the
THE NAUTILUS. 43
rocks that it takes sharp eyes to discern them. Upon goose barna- cles I found a small Acmcea which I hoped might be a new species, but I found my eyes were not very wide open even after a year's experience in the opening process, for I sent the Acnuea to Dr. Dall and he said they were only a small variety of the A. pelta. But in classifying my shells I have made two varieties of them, as I think there is enough difference in them to warrant such division.
Going down on the sand one day at low tide, I saw a small up- heaval of the sand, and since I have been travelling the world with seeing eyes, I always investigate these tiny mounds, and, this time, I was rewarded by finding a Tornatina culcitella, and a diligent search soon revealed several of these cunning little creatures. With these are T. inculta and T. carinata. While out in a boat among the kelp I found a number of Lacuna wiifasciata and some L. por- recta, these latter were three-eighths of an inch long. Among the tiny shells, seeing eyes are called into requisition, and I find the aid of a strong lens often necessary to bring out their distinctive feat- ures. The tiny Marginella ( Volvarina) varia is more beautiful than a Cyprcea spadicea, and yet the blind world never finds them hidden away under stones, and covered with their thin tents, which are quite a protection for them, as it hides their shining surface and makes them much less conspicuous. The Turbonillas, the Odosto- mias, the Mitromorphas and many others have enriched my cabinet, and opened my eyes to the wonders and beauty of small things this past year.
When I began to classify, I had many a struggle with the differ- ent authorities, and many a dispairing appeal I sent to our General Secretary, who never failed to come to my relief, and I have much to thank her for, inasmuch as she has given me light where before I dwelt in darkness. * * * * To sum up the year's work, no greater gain has come to me than has come by the opening of my eyes, and the knowledge I have gained by seeing. The earth has taken on new beauty and the sea has opened some of its wonderful storehouse and bidden me enter, and all nature beckons me with kindly finger to further discoveries by the aid of seeing eyes.
NOTES AND NEWS.
NAUTILUS POMPILIUS IN SOUTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES. — What surprised me most was to find large numbers of rather broken speci-
44 THE NAUTILUS.
mens of Nautilus pompilius thrown up in Edeu Bay. It is difficult to conceive how they get there ; it is an enormous expanse to be drifted away from any of the Pacific Isles. Can it be possible that they are eaten by whales and that the shells is extruded as excre- ment ? I make this suggestion because great schools of whales come in there, it is said, to rub themselves on the coarse gravel bottom of the bay. — Dr. J. C. Cox, in letter to Editor.
PARTULA : NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. — Partula eximia Hartm. —P. macgillivrayi.
P. Brazieri Pse. is a good species.
The type example of Partula neweeaitiarum was lost with the ves- sel on its return to Mr. Garritt at Tahiti. — W. D. Hartman.
A NEW SPECIES OF HEMPHILLIA. — In examining the slugs referred to Hemphillia glandulosa in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, we found that two species have hitherto borne this name. The true H. (jlandulosa is a small slug, with distinctly papillose mantle ; the pedal line hardly rises at the tail, and the caudal gland is surmounted by a conspicuous horn. The other form, which we call H. camelus, is much larger, the mantle is not papillose, and the pedal groove rises abruptly and conspicuously at the tail, and there is no noticeable horn there. Types from Old Mission, Idaho, collected by Hemphill. The species are easily separated by external characters, but the internal anatomy shows even more important differences, which will be described and figured in the second installment of our " Revision of American Slugs," now in preparation. — H. A. Pilsbry & E. G. Vanatta.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
An apparently very thorough monograph of the Cephalopoda of the Gulf of Naples, by Guiseppe Jatta, has appeared in the " Fauna and Flora des Golfes von Neapel " (23d monograph). The illus- trations are incomparably magnificent.
Mr. Felix Bernard1 has detected a stage of shell-growth in bi- valves earlier than the prodissoconch, which be proposes to call pro- tostmcum. He finds the protostracum on the summit of the prodis- soconch. The Glochidium stage in Uuionidre is its equivalent.
1 Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 124, p. 1165 ; Natural Science, July, 1897, p. 10.
THE NAUTILUS. 45
A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH
LOCALITIES.
BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.
Almost a decade has elapsed since the publication of the " Check List of American Land Shells " (Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1889), and the frequent calls for copies of that list since the reprint edition was exhausted, as well as the progress of the science during that period, have induced the editors of THE NAUTILUS to offer a new list covering the same ground.
In the nomenclature of this list we have admitted changes shown to be necessary ; and in the classification have frequently forsaken the old roads for paths lately " blazed out," and as yet not much travelled.
Additions and corrections of any kind ivill be gratefully received.
Class GASTROPODA.
Subclass STREPTONEURA.
Order PROSOBRANCHIATA.
Suborder Tecnioglossa. Family CYCLOSTOMATIDJE.
Genus CHOANOPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847. Subgenus Ctenopoma Shuttleworth, Pfr., 1856.
1. CHOANOPOMA BAHAMENSE Shuttl. Key West, Fla. (Dr. W. H. Rush). Also Bahamas.
Genus CHONDROPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847.
2. CHONDROPOMA DENTATUM (Say). Key West and Naples, near Gordon's Pass, Fla. Also Cuba.
Family TRTJNCATELKnXS!.
Genus TRUNCATELLA Risso, 1826.
3. TRUNCATELLA CARIBJEENSIS ' Sowb.' Rve. Key Largo and Anclote Key, Fla. Also West Indies.
4. TRUNCATELLA CARIB^EENSIS PULCHELLA Pfr. Marco and Cedar Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, Yucatan, etc.
46 THE NAUTILUS.
5. TRUNCATELLA BILABIATA Pt'r. Key West, Key Largo, Bis- cayne Bay, Micco, Indian River, Furguson's Pass, Marco, Cedar Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, etc.
6. TRUNCATELLA STIMPSONI Stearns. False Bay, near San Diego, California.
7. TRUNCATELLA CALIFORNICA Pfr. San Diego, California.
[Note. — T. subcylindrica " Gray " has been reported from Flor- ida. The identity of the species is doubtful, and the occurrence in Florida of the form so-called by Pfeiifer, equally so].
Suborder Rhipidoglossa. Family HELICINIDJE.
Genus HELICINA Lamarck, 1801.
8. HELICINA CHRYSOCHEILA Binney. Texas, near mouth of the Rio Grande. Also State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
9. HELICINA ORBICULATA Say. St. Simon's I., Ga., Chattanooga, Tenii., Eureka Springs, Ark., Stone Co., Mo., southward to southern Florida, and southwest to the Rio Grande ; type locality near mouth of the St. John's River, Florida. [H. Hanleyana Pfr. is a syno- nym].
9a. HELICINA ORBICULATA TROPICA ' Jan ' Pfr. Texas, mainly south and southwest. An ill defined race.
10. HELICINA OCCULTA Say. Western Pa. to Minn., south to Teiin. Distribution markedly discontinuous and local. Allegheny Co., Pa. ; Athens, 111. ; near Iowa City and Eldora, Iowa ; "NVinona, Minn. ; Sheboygan, TVhitefish Bay near Milwaukee, and near Du Pere, Wis. ; Lexington and at Natural Bridge. Va. ; Harriman and South Pittsburg, Tenn. An abundant fossil of the Post-Pliocene Loess formation in eastern and central Iowa, the adjacent parts of 111., western la. and E. Neb. ; also fossil at New Harmony, Ind., the type locality.
[Note. — H. subglobulosa Poey, a Cuban species introduced into United States works on the evidence of specimens found at Key Biscayne and Fort Dallas, Fla., many years ago, has not yet been shown to be actually living in Florida].
Subclass EUTHYNEURA.
Order PULMONATA. Suborder Siylommatophora.
THE NAUTILUS. 47
(Superfamily HOLOPODA).
Family HELICIDJE. Subfamily Helicinse (rel Bclogona}.
(Belogona Siphonadenia). Genus HELIX Linne, 1758. Section Helicogena Ferussac.
11. HELIX ASPERSA Mull. Charleston, S. C. ; New Orleans; Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and San Jose, Cal. Imported from Europe.
Section Tachea ' Leach,' Turton, 1831.
12. HELIX NEMORALIS Linn. Burlington, N. J. ; Lexington, Va. ; ? Baraboo, Sank Co., Wis. Imported from northern Europe.
13. HELIX HORTENSIS Mull. Labrador; Anticosti I. ; Bara- chois, Gaspe region ; Nova Scotia ; Casco Bay, Me. : Eagle, House, Kettle, and Nantucket Is., Mass. ; also New Bedford, Marblehead, Manchester and Magnolia, Mass.
Genus HYGROMIA Risso, 1826.
Section Fruticicola Held, 1837.
14. HYGROMIA HISPIDA (L.). Halifax, N. S. ; Montreal. A species of northern Europe, imported.
15. HYGROMIA RUFESCENS (Penn.). Quebec and Levis, Quebec, Canada. A species of northern Europe, imported.
Genus HELICELLA Ferussac.
Section Trochula Schluter, 1838.
16. HELICELLA TERRESTRIS (Penn.). Charleston, S. C. A native of southern Europe.
Subgenus Cochlicella Risso, 1826.
17. HELICELLA VENTRICOSA (Drap.). Sullivan's I., S. C. Im- ported from Europe.
Subgeuus Theba Risso, 1826.
18. HELICELLA CANTIANA (Montagu). Quebec. A native of northern and central Europe.
48 THE NAUTILUS.
(Belogona Euadenia). Genus GLYPTOSTOMA Bland & Binney, 1873.
19. GLYPTOSTOMA NEWBERRYANUM (W. G. Binn.). Los Ange- les, Cal., to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Cal., and about 40 miles in- land.
Genus LYSINOE H. & A. Adams, 1855.
20. LYSINOE HUMBOLDTIANA (Val.). Altuda, Texas. Also Mexico.
Genus EPIPHRAGMOPHORA Boring, 1875.
Subgenus Monadenia Pilsl)ry, 1895.
21. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS (Gray). Humboldt and Shasta Co., Cal., to Vancouver I.
21a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS, /. flava Hemph.
21b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS/. minor.
21c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS SUBCARINATA Hemph. Hum- boldt Co., Cal. This is directly intermediate between fidelis and infumata.
21d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS INFUMATA (Gld.). Coast counties of Cal. from Siskiyou to Alameda.
22. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MORMONUM (Pfr.) Shasta Co. to Tulare and Santa Barbara Co., Cal.
23. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HILLEBRANDI (Ne\vc.) Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa Cos., Cal.
24. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CIRCUMCARINATA (Stearns). Near Turloch, Stanilaus Co., Cal.
Subgenus Helminthoglypta Aucey.
25. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA DUPETITHOUARSI (Desh.). Monterey, Cal.
26. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA SEQUOICOLA (Coop.). Santa Cruz Co., Cal.
27. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA AYRESIANA (Newc.). Santa Cruz, San Miguel, San Clemente and Santa Rosa Islands.
28. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI (Newc.). Los Angeles to Ft. Tejou and to San Luis Obispo, Cal.
28a. EPIPHRAUMOPHORA TRASKI PROLES Hemphill. Eraser's
Mills, Tulare Co., Cal.
(To be Continued.)
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. SEPTEMBER, 1897. No. 5.
BOLINAS, CALIFORNIA; THE CONCHOLOGISTS PARADISE.
BY WILLIARD M. WOOD.
A(jni estoy otravezl
Once more I have reached the rocky shores of dear old historic Bolinas. I could never tear myself from this antique Spanish town by the Ocean. How I love to hear the mighty waves beat wildly against the solid rocks, and see the lofty yellow bluffs which rise so majestically from Neptune's enchanting home.
Annually, during the summer months, I find that I am — like the proverbial Snail, wending my way, through exquisite redwood forests and inhaling the salubrious mountain air. The point of destination is alway Bolinas. Bolinas, thou art and ever shall be my Mecca.
This year, Mr. George E. Townsend and the writer concluded to pitch tent and camp upon one of the smaller bluffs, by the side of a delightful rippling creek, within a stone's throw of the beach which is used for bathing purposes, in lieu of making the hotel our head- quarters during our stay. We also decided to " tramp it," and as each possessed a good pair of strong limbs, the start was made from San Anselmo Station, Marin County. The distance from the station to Bolinas is estimated at about twenty miles. Ten miles of this number is entirely devoted to up hill climbing, and so steep, that in portions where there is no shelter from the sun as it sends forth its penetrating rays, one becomes quite exhausted, especially when one is principally confined in a down town office, pondering over innumerable books and papers, and not used to mountain climbing.
50
THE NAUTILUS.
While going toward the "Summit," how truly beautiful were the rustic wooden bridges over which we passed, and the cool-looking, shaded, rainbow-tinted and trout ladened streams. How the saucy big blue jays scolded when we ventured too close to their nesting places! Then there were numerous tiny golden-breasted wild canaries; how beautifully they did sing! The peacock-green throated humming-birds were busy flying hither and thither, ab- stracting the honey from the delicately scented flowers. Cotton-tails would occasionally be seen running frantically across the broad road and hiding among the heavy brush, so that they would not fall vic- tims to the many hawks and red-necked buzzards which appear at all times to hover overhead.
The beach, bluffs and Diixbury Reef.
Several times we came across a flock of mountain quail. The minute we were observed by them, they would take to the wing. The noise caused by their flyiug resembled greatly an immense buzz saw revolving with great rapidity and cutting through heavy timber.
When we reached " the ridge," we were rewarded by a superb view of the surrounding country. Not a particle of fog was within sight. The atmosphere was as clear as crystal. The view covered an expanse of scenery which could not be emulated for picturesque variety. Mountains, forests, lakes, valleys, rocks, straits and capes^ cities, towns and villages spread themselves in a magnificent panor- ama.
THE NAUTILUS. 51
The ten mile descent of the mountain on its western side was com- paratively easy as the road was in excellent condition. The weather has been delightful since we have been here and trust that it will continue so throughout our stay.
Although the ground on the mountain's side was quite dry, care- ful searching with the aid of a short limb of a tree, raking deeply among the fallen leaves, revealed to us, quantities of the following Helicies, all with the living animal within.
Helix arrosa, nickliniana, Polygyra armigera and Selenites van- couverensis. No fresh-water shells were found in the streams and pools on the way over. In fact, I do not believe there are any in the vicinity of this place, for I have been unable to secure a single speci- men during the past six years.
The tides so far, have been very good and several species have been added to my collection, which are entirely new to me.
The beach from the bluffs near the channel (entrance to the Bay of Bolinas) out to the dangerous reef — Duxbury reef — is at inter- vals composed of billions of particles of shells, ground so fine that the casual observer would naturally suppose they were grains of sand. Certain spots I have seen on the beach are almost wholly composed of these diminutive bits to a depth of about five or six inches.
The reef upon which I had formerly seen attached thousands of immense Cldoroatoma funebrale and fairly good sized Chrysodomus dims are now almost destitute of the above named species. The reason of their disappearance is unknown to me. The species ob- served attached to the rocks and the blue clay at the present date are Monoceros engonatum and Litoritta scutulata. M. encjonatum predominating. Of Chlorostoma brunneum, I have gathered hundreds at previous visits, from a point just a short distance from the reef in a north-westerly direction. Not one in a living state have I found
since arriving.
Strolling up the sandy beach in the early morning, (4.30) until we reached the stretch of mossy rocks which had been left bare by the retreating tide, we secured dozens of the common edible clam, Tapes staminea, which is sold by the sackful in the markets of San Francisco. These were brought back to our camp and served at breakfast.
The Bay of Bolinas, which at one time was quite commodious, is now almost completely filled with sand and mud. The channel, no
52 THE NAUTILUS.
doubt will soon be closed and not even the smallest boat will be able to enter this once beautifully situated bay.
When low tide occurs in the bay, the " necks " of thousands of Schizothcerus Nuttalli may be seen projecting an inch or so out of the gray mud. Although the shells themselves are buried quite deeply under the surface, it is with difficulty that these hugh specimens may be obtained. Think of gathering clams almost the size of dinner plates. We managed to secure several splendid specimens. The " necks " when fully extended are about three feet long. It requires several persons with rubber boots, shovels and pails to " catch " one, as they will withdraw their " necks " quickly and bury themselves out of view and reach, if disturbed. The strength of one person is required to hold the neck on the surface while another per- son digs around it and bails out the fast in-coming mud and water. It is indeed hard work to capture one of them, but well worth the trouble and time spent over them.
The Bay also produces thousands of dead, yet fresh-looking spec- imens of Macoma secta. These are found either upon the surface or an inch or two below, imbedded in the soft mud. Hundreds were secured and after having given them a thorough washing, they were packed away carefully in cotton batting.
Living Cryptomya californica in considerable numbers seem to be washed upon the mud flats. They range in size from a pin head to a quarter of a dollar.
When low tide occurs at the reef, one may dig in the clay for borers and be rewarded with several species. The clay is fairly alive with them.
Occasionally I have found cast up on the beach by the waters, fine examples of that immense "rock oyster" Hinnites yiganteus. Several contained the living animal. One specimen picked up measures almost ten inches in diameter. Who says we do not have large oysters! The beach is covered with great numbers of worn valves. The young shells are easily mistaken for Pecten hastatus and I have often been fooled in this respect. Fresh, full grown spec- imens are very hard to obtain.
What do you suppose to-day— the glorious fourth of July- brought forth ? Two most interesting species that I have found up to date. I had not searched for these and they were entirely a surprise to me. Doubly welcome are my new friends on this day. We were sitting lazily upon the pebbly beach watching the waves as
THE NAUTILUS. 53
they washed upon the shore. Suddenly a larger wave than those which I had been accustomed to see, rushed forward and with a mighty splash, broke within a few feet of us. The water and foam crept so quickly in our direction that my shoes were soon rilled with the cold sea-water. With a quick spring, I was upon my feet and hurrying from the scene of the unfortunate event. When returning to the spot where we had left a stick half buried in the sand, I came across unexpectedly two valves of Semele rubrolineata and a most delicate and perfect fresh-looking specimen of Mytilimeria Nuttalli Conr.
How truly patriotic were the little shells to come and cast them- selves at my very feet, upon this eventful day. The rose colored radiations on the Semele were beautiful and looked like many sky- rockets going heavenward.
Among the species collected which are not mentioned above, are as follows :
Acmcca asmi, mitra, patina, pelta, persona, spectrum, incessa, instabilis, Adula falcata, stylina, Amphissa corrugata, Amycla carinata,Bittiumfilosum, Calliostomacostatum, Cardiumcorbis, Ceros- toina fo Hat urn, Chama pellndda, (valves only) CMorostomamontereyi, Pfeifferl, ? Crepidula adunca, navicelloidcs, Entodesma saxicola, Litho- phagus plumula, Fissuridea aspera, Haliotis fulgens, (large but poor specimens, washed ashore) Bipponyx turn ens, Kellia Laperousii, var. Chironii, Lacuna unifasciata, Lazaria subqnadrata, (valves), Litor- ina planaxis. Lunatia Lewisii, (half a foot in length) Lyonsia Cali- fornica, Macoma nasuta, inquinata, Siliqna patula, Mytihis Cali/orn- ianus, Nassa fossata, Cooper i, Margarita pupilla, Ocinebra lurida,in- terfossa,' Olivella biplicata, Petricola carditoides, Pecten hastatus, (valves) Pholadidea penita, parva, Platyodon cancella1vs,Parapholas calif or nica, Placunanomia macroschisma, (valves) Purpura crispata, lima, saxicola, ostrina, Saxicava arctica, Saxidomus aratus, Tapes staminea, tenerrima, ruderata, Tellina Bodegensis, (valves) Zirphcea crispata, Cryptochiton Stelleri, (seven inches long) Ischnochiton Cooperi, Mopalia Hindsii and muscosa.
I have not gone carefully over the species collected — doubtless many others might be included in this list — but the above will serve to show the rich molluscan fauna of this certainly delightful penin- sula. The territory worked over by me cannot be more than four miles square. The specimens collected already number many thou- sands and the rate at which they are being gathered, who knows but
54 THE NAUTILUS.
it shall require the chartering of the small schooner now lying in the channel, to carry them down to the City !
Deseo que el lugar que ha sicto tan atractivo y productive en lo pasado para ei que se suscribe para siempre permanetea inimitable.
Bolinas, Cal., July 4th.
NOTE ON A CALIFORNIAN HELIX. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.
In the " Manual of American Land Shells " Mr. Binuey figured a shell from San Pablo as a form of " Arionta calif orniensis var. ramentosa Old." It would seem that the same form has been sub- sequently described by both Dall and myself, although until recently collating materials for the new catalogue of U. S. land shells, I had entirely forgotten that I had ever noticed the form in question. The published references are as follows: 1885. — " A smaller form of this variety \_i. e. ramentosa] from San
Pablo," W. G. Binney, Man. Arner. L. Sh., Bull. 28 U.S. Nat.
Mus., p. 133, f. 108 (no description). 1895, Feb. 2. — Epiphragmophora californiensisv. contracostce Pilsbry,
Guide to the Study of Helices, Man. Conch. (2), IX, p. 199 (a
nude name).
1895, Oct. 1. — Epiphraf/mophora calif or niensis var. contracostce Pils- bry, Nautilus IX, p. 72 (description).
1896, Apr. 23. — Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Nat. Mus. XVIII, p. 6 (no description ; refers to Binney's figures).
1897, Jan. — Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U. S. N. M. XIX, p. 375 (full description).
As will be seen from the above, the form was recognized by my- self in 1894 when reviewing the Helices for the "Guide" but the number in which the name appears although printed in 1894, was not issued until February, 1895, and it was in no way defined at that time ; the brief diagnosis then prepared being overlooked for some months, finally appearing in October, 1895. I do not know when the form was first recognized by my friend in Washington, but from the notorious tardiness of the Proceedings of the Nat. Mus., and the fact that a partial abstract 01 DalPs article appeared in NAUTILUS for Sept., 1895, and was furnished by him a month or two
THE NAUTILUS. •">•"'
earlier, it is likely that Prof. Dall recognized the form after the publication of the nude name in Man. Conch., but before it was scantily clothed with a description in the October NAUTILUS.
Call's first notice of the form referred merely to Binney's figures ; but lately he has given an account of it which leaves nothing to be desired save an equally good notice of the soft anatomy.
NEW UNIOS.
BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.
Unio Buxtoni sp. m>v.
Shell very transverse or wide, subcylindrical, moderately and uniformly inflated, subsolid, bluntly pointed and attenuated behind, obliquely rounded in front and straight on the dorsura. Epidermis olive-black and obscurely rayed throughout. Growth lines obscure. Umbos depressed. Beaks pointed and very small, with two or three distant, nodose undulations. Umbonal ridge rounded or subangular. Beak cavities slight ; cavity of valves ample. Lateral teeth straight, slender, thin and long, the inner one thicker and higher, and both extending to the cardinals, which are erect, short, with many curved ridgelets on the upper faces, double in the left and single in the right valves. Cicatrices slightly impressed but well defined, the anterior ones distinct, the smaller ones being crescent- shaped, which divides occasionally into two separate pits; posterior ones confluent and much elongated ; dorsal ones well impressed and in the beak cavity. Pallial line distinct, at which the coruscations end. Nacre uniform and of a brilliant copper tint. Width 2J inches, length f inch, diameter v inch.
Habitat. — Lakelets of Marion Co., Florida.
Type in National Museum.
Remarks. — Affinity, U. Waltoni B. H. Wright, and U. na.sntn/iix Lea. From the former it differs in being smaller, more solid, cylin- drical, darker colored, more prominent umbonal ridge, not sub- emarginate at base, and in having a more prolonged dorsal line be- hind. Behind, and in size and structure, it reminds one of U. nasu- tiilus, which never has an upturned keel in front as in our shell, and has a livid nacre.
We have great pleasure in naming this species for our good friend and naturalist, Mr. William W. Buxton, of Milo Centre, N. Y., •whose company has so often enlivened our collecting excursions.
56 THE NAUTILUS.
TJnio Suttoni sp. nov.
Shell oblong, roughened by growth lines and solid, sides dilated almost to the extremities, and slightly constricted near the middle of the base. Base slightly convex or subemarginate, bluntly pointed behind and very abruptly rounded or subtruncate before and slightly arched above. Epidermis reddish or pale olive, with very obscure rays or rayless, slightly wrinkled on the posterior dorsal area or smooth. Beaks depressed and umbos flattened or slightly rounded. Umbonal ridge obtusely rounded and elevated from beak to base. Cavity of the shell ample and quite uniform; cavity of beaks slight. Nacre heavy, and varying from satin white to dark copper color, and slightly thinner behind. Cardinal teeth erect, somewhat compressed and bluntly notched. Lateral teeth long and slightly curved, rather slender and compressed. Width 2i inches, length Is inches, diameter f inch.
Habitat. — Lake near Candler, Marion Co., Florida.
Type and forms in National Museum.
Remarks. — This is an exceedingly variable species like the type of the group to which it belongs, U. Buckleyi Lea, It may always be distinguished from that species by the greater fullness in the pos- terior portion, and has a slight constriction where that is usually enlarged. It may be distinguished from U. Ferrissii Marsh, by its greater and more uniform inflation, straighter base, more obtuse umbonal angle, and is in every way a more massive shell. Fifty specimens have been received from Mr. B. Sutton, of Candler, Marion Co., Florida, for whom we name the species.
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
After the General Secretary had forwarded the MS. for THE NAUTILUS for August, she received a letter from Mr. A. H.Gardner notifying her in re the vol. of Transactions. Mr. J. J. White, and Mr. M. Leon Walker have also reported. At this writing Aug. 10 the vol. is in Mass. The Secretary appreciates the notification when the book has been forwarded.
It is not too early to canvass for our next General Secretary. The present one would nominate Dr. W. S. Strode, Lewiston, 111. for General Secretary for 1898. Dr. Strode has been a valued mem- ber for years.
THE NAUTILUS. 57
PURPURA LAPILLUS L.
(Extract from the report of Mrs. D. J. Wentworth. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.)
No shell is more common on our New England shores than Pur- pura lapillus Linne, and yet, no shell of this region has to me, at least, so much of interest connected with it.
Purpura lapillu* is an humble but most worthy descendant of the aristocratic Muricidse, and surely the Murex is an aristocrat among shells, with its beautiful forms, dainty sculpturing, delicate coloring, and its long traditions of usefulness and importance.
Plain in its general aspect, as it certainly is, Purpura lapillus has nevertheless, much in common with its more highly favored rela- tions. It is an old member of an ancient race, fossil remains of Purpura lapillus are found in the Red Crag deposits of Europe.
This species is remarkable for its variation in solidity of shell, form, sculpture size, coloring and habitat. It varies in thickness from three-sixteenths of an inch to a shell so thin one could easily perforate the outer lip with a pin. In form they vary from a short broad shell with obtuse spire and flattened whorls to a long shell with acute spire and convex whorls,
In some the coarse revolving ridges are barely discernable, while in others they are very prominent. The faint lines of growth which intersect the revolving ridges of this shell are, in some specimens, brought into marked prominence by rows of ruffles or scallops, and this sculpturing undoubtedly gave Lamarck reason for naming this variety Purpura umbilicata. Many of the solid shells have rows of nodules or teeth within the aperture on the outer lip,
These solid shells are usually grayish-white or white outside, with reddish-purple, yellow or white apertures ; but the thinner shells are often brown, orange or lavender, and these colors are frequently banded with white. I have never seen two specimens banded just alike. The orange and white combinations are especially pretty. The variety called by Lamarck P. umbilicata, so far as I have ob- served, are always a greyish-white on the outside, with a reddish- purple aperture. This variety I have found only in a brackish river where they are often seen crawling about in the mud, and their color is so nearly the color of the mud on which they are found that it undoubtedly serves to protect them from the ravages of their enemy. Associated in this river with Purpura lapillus, and much resembling it in size, color and general shape, is the Urosalpin.c cinerea. The usual habitat of the Purpura is in the nooks and crevices of rocks. Why do these river shells choose the mud?
58 THE NAUTILUS.
Purpura lapillus is an arctic species and ranges from Norway to New York. It is found on the coast of Europe, where, according to Sowerby, it grows much larger than on our own coast.
This species confines his daily rambles to that part of the shores left bare, by the tides, seldom venturing below low water mark. There on the rocks or other hard substances he finds his favorite food, the succulent barnacle, sometimes varying his diet with a choice bit of Mytilu* edulis, to obtain which he will bore through the shell. Finally the mussel becomes so weakened that its valves fly open, when the Purpura promptly accepts the more favorable open- ing and proceeds to gorge himself with the delicious morsel, after which he will lie inactive waiting for a return of appetite. Limpets, Littorinas. clams, mussels, etc., are said to find a place on his menu.
From time to time throughout the year the Purpura deposits its eggs enclosed in little vase like capsules. These capsules may be found in clusters attached to the undersides of rocks. In confine- ment it takes about four months for these eggs to mature and then the young do not immediately leave the capsule, seemingly prefer- ring to try their strength a little before venturing on the broad ocean. The young hatched in captivity instinctively leave the water every day, remaining out about the time it takes for the tide to ebb and flow.
A few years ago while fishing I had occasion to crack some Pnr- pura for bait. After cracking their shells I placed the snails in my handkerchief to keep them safely until needed. I soon found that the snails had stained my handkerchief with bright purple spots which repeated washings only served to render more brilliant. Thus I was reminded of the Tyrian purple of the ancients, and led to fancy that perhaps in a somewhat similar manner, the dye was discovered. In later years this dye was manufactured in Ireland but so little was obtained from each animal, and other cheaper dyes being discovered, our humble shell-fish were left to die a natural death, and are now useful only to amateur fishermen and so-called " queer people," or "cranks " who go around collecting shells and studying them.
Purpura lapillus commonly called "dog winkle "by the English, has many scientific names, among which are Buccininn lapillus, Tritonium lapillus, etc. But Avhat is a name ? The Purpura lapil- lus under whatever name he has crawled or sailed has a long, inter- esting honorable history ; has during his day and generation been useful and ornamental in the world, doing his duty faithfully accord- ing to the light given him and making nopretentions to superiority, and who of us can do better than that ?
THE NAUTILUS. 59
»
28b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI CUYAMACENSIS Hemp. Cuya- nmca Mt., San Diego Co.
28c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI TULARENSIS Pilsbry. Eraser's Mills, Tulare Co.
29. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CARPENTERI (Newc.). Coronado Is., and vicinity of San Diego, Cal. Probably a subspecies of E. traski. Original locality, "Tulare Valley," perhaps erroneous.
30. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INDIOENSIS (Yates). Indio, Riverside Co, Cal.
31. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ROWELLII (Newc.). Fort Grant, Ari- zona.
32. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARIZONENSIS Dall. Banks of Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Arizona.
33. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MAGDALENENSIS (Stearns). Johnson Canyon, near the Panamint Valley, and near Resting Springs, Southern California. Also State of Souora, Mexico.
34. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HACHITANA Dall. Fort Huachuca, Huachuca Mts. and Tucson, Arizona; below San Quentin, Lower ( 'alifornia ; Peloncello Mts., top of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co., near Carrizollilo Springs, New Mexico; and at some adjacent local- ities south of the international boundary.
35. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA COLORADOENSIS (Stearns). Grand Can- yon of the Colorado River, Arizona, opposite the Kaibab plateau, elevation 3,500 feet ; also Inyo and San Diego Cos., Cal.
36. EPIPARAGMOPHORA ARROSA (Gld.). Coast counties from Humboldt to Santa Cruz.
36a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA j. holderiana Cooper. E. side San Francisco Bay.
36b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA /. stiversiana Cooper. Marin Co.
36c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA/. marinensis Pils. Marin Co.
36d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA EXPANSILABRIS Pils. Hum- boldt Co., near Eureka.
37. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA EXARATA (Pfr.). Santa Cruz Co. to Marin Co., Cal. Probably iutergrades completely with the preced-
ing.
38. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CONTRACOST^G Pilsbry. Byron Hot Springs, San Pablo, and Pt. Isabel, Contra Costa Co. ; Nachoguero Valley. (Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall is the same).
39. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS (Lea). Monterey, Cal. 39a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS NICKLINIANA (Lea).
Santa Cruz Co., north (? to Mendociuo Co.).
60 THE NAUTILUS.
39b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA OALIFORNIENSIS ANACHORETA (W. G.
B.).
39c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS RAMENTOSA (Gld.). Napa Co. to Santa Clara Co. .
39d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS BRIDGESI (Newc.). San Pablo.
39e. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS DIABLOENSIS (J. G. Coop.). San Francisco to Yolo Co.
40. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA (Binn.). Tulare Co., (ty- pical form).
40a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA CYPREOPHILA (Newc.). Calaveras, Tuolumne, Merced, Tulare and Los Angeles Cos.
40b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA SUBDOLUS Hemph. San Jaciuto Valley, San Diego Co.
40c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA UMBILICATA Pils. San Luis Obispo Co.
40d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA TULARENSIS Hemph. Eraser's Mills, Tulare Co.
Subgenus Micrarionta Ancey, 1880.
41. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI (Newc.). San Clemen te Island. 41a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI FACTA (Newc.). Santa Barbara
and San Nicholas Is.
42. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA RUFICINCTA (Newc.). Santa Catalina Island.
43. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA (W. G. B.). San Cletnente and Santa Cruz Is. Forms minor, elegans, nepos and albhhi Hemph. and callqjunctisYils. have been named.
43a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA REDIMITA (W. G. B.). San Clemen te Is. Color varieties castanea and hybrida Hemph. have been named.
44. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII (Forbes). Santa Cataliua Island. Color forms castanea, nitida, multllineata, frater, califor- nica, forbesi, bicolor, tricolor, albida Hemph. have been named.
44a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII STEARNSIANA (Gabb.). San Diego, southward, on the mainland.
45. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRYONI (Newc.). Santa Barbara and San Nicholas Is. Color varieties varius, nebnlosa, fasciata, califor- nica and albida Hemphill.
45a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRYONI SUBCARINATA Hemphill. Santa Barbara I. ; fossil.
(To be Continued^)
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. OCTOBER, 1897. No. 6.
NEW LAND SHELLS FROM MEXICO AND NEW MEXICO.
BY W. H. DALL.
Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli n. sp.
Shell small, pupiform, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nuclear and about a dozen subsequent whorls ; those following the nucleus are rather strongly obliquely ribbed with close set fine riblets which be- come fainter over the main body of the spire and reappear again on the last whorl ; aperture entire, simple, rounded, but a little angular at the posterior outer corner ; the umbilicus closed, the spire grad- ually enlarging to the eleventh whorl, then slightly attenuated. Alt. 12'5, max. diam. 3'2 mm.
Found in the debris of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, New Mexico, by Prof. Cockerell.
This is the second species of Haplostemma, and one of the small- est, if not the smallest, Holospira yet recorded. It forms an addi- tion to the fauna of the United States.
Eucalodium hippocastaueum n. sp.
Shell of moderate size, with 8 (decollate) whorls, the penultimate the largest, thence gently tapering to the decollate apex ; surface very dark chestnut brown covered with fine, slightly wavy, close set riblets accompanied by fine axial wrinkles near the sutures, a few irregular spiral threads occasionally appear, suture distinct, umbilicus closed, a faint keel below the periphery of the last whorl, aperture simple, rounded, the peristome slightly thickened, not re- flected. Alt. 32, max. diam. 9*2, aperture 8 mm.
62 THE NAUTILUS.
The species is near E. Boucardii Salle from Cordova, but differs by smaller size, darker color, less sharp sculpture and the presence of spiral lines.
From San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mex., E. W. Nelson.
Coelocentrum astrophorea n. sp.
Shell pale yellow brown, decollate, with 15 remaining whorls, the first six of which taper, while the rest are subequal ; suture distinct minutely channelled, or with a sharp edged thread on each side of it, surface polished with concavely flexuous small ribs with wider interspaces, on which is visible obscure spiral striation ; last whorl keeled below, projecting, aperture rounded triangular, slightly re- flected, simple ; axis large, pervious except at the base ; within the whorl with a medial keel on each side of which it is excavated and vertically ribbed, while from the junction of keel and ribs small spines like the rays of a star project into the lumen of the whorl. Alt. 30, max. diam. 7, aperture 4'7 mm.
From Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., E. W. Nelson.
Though the spines are obviously merely an evolution from the usual nodes, they are remarkable and hitherto unrecorded in any species.
Schazicheila hidalgoana n. sp.
Shell trochoid depressed with a rather pointed spire and nearly five whorls ; white with extremely fine close-set rounded riblets in harmony with the lines of growth ; nucleus rounded, smooth ; suture very distinct, slope of the spire flattened a little, periphery obscurely keeled ; aperture rounded-triangular, outer lip reflected with a shallow sinus at its posterior extremity, rounded below with a thick body callus (on which is a keel for the edge of the operculum) uniting the lips ; umbilicus covered by a thin callus, base moder- ately rounded; operculum (lost)? Alt. 8*5, mag. diam. 12, ruin, diam. 9 '5, aperture 6mm.
Found at Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., by Nelson.
This species is obviously distinct from any of those heretofore described in this very limited genus.
ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIDROMTJS.
BY C. F. ANCEY.
Amphidromus Fultoni Anc.
Shell sinistral, short, ovate-conic, minutely perforate, thin, ob- liquely striate, subangulate at the periphery, chiefly at the begin-
THE NAUTILUS. 63
ning of the last whorl. Spire rather briefly conic, apex dark brown ; whorls 6, the first ones distinctly, the last barely, convex ; apical whorls white, lower of a pale lemon color; the third ornamented with two faint series of pale brownish and very small spots ; the last with a narrow yellow zone below the suture, circumscribed by an indistinct, broad, white band, and furnished with two fine brown revolving lines more or less evanescent towards the aperture, the upper one at the periphery, the other around the yellow umbilical area. Aperture oblique ; colurnella straight, thin, expanded, white. Lip thin, white, slightly expanded.
Length 23j, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.
Locality : Cochinchina.
This, as well as the following, are members of the group of A. flavus Pfeiffer, according to Mr. Hugh Fulton, who kindly ex- amined the specimens and declared them to be new species. From the former it differs in being shorter, in having 6 whorls only, a dark colored apex, two narrow revolving bands on the last whorl, and other particulars. Named in honor of Mr. Fulton, who has very thoroughly and carefully monographed this difficult genus.
Amphidromus Eudeli Anc.
Shell sinistral, rather solid, oblong-conic, obliquely striate, nar- rowly rimate ; spire conic, apex dark brown ; whorls 7, convex, the first ones dull white, the fourth and lower ones cream, with oblique bluish-gray stripes, interrupted at the middle on the penultimate and preceding whorls, and evanescent at the suture ; last half whorl bluish-gray, with a cream-yellow band and umbilical area of the same tinge ; a narrow infra-sutural line of a reddish-brown color on the last and penultimate whorls. Aperture small, oblique, ex- panded, interior grayish. Columella thick, reflected, paler at the upper part. Lip thickened, dark brown externally, purple inside, particularly so near the umbilicus.
Length 28, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.
Locality : near Binh-Dinh, Annam, in forests (E. Eudel).
This is allied to A. zebrinus Pfeiffer, from Siam, but is appar- ently larger and more solid, and differs in having a purple peristome ; externally black-brown, and several striking characters.
64 THE NAUTILUS.
NEW SPECIES OF TERTIARY MOLLUSCA FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND.
BY JOHN C. MERRIAM.
The species here described have already been mentioned by the author as being new forms in a short paper1 on the age and general character of two Tertiary faunas from the southern coast of Van- couver Island.
These faunas were referred to two horizons occurring at different localities, one at Carmanah Point at the entrance to the Strait of Fuca, the other near Muir and Coal Creeks in the Sooke district. The horizon at the first-named locality was temporarily designated as the Carmanah Point beds, and is correlated with Conrad's Astoria Miocene, excluding the lower portion of his series which has been supposed to be Eocene. The second horizon was named the Sooke beds, and is, as nearly as can be determined from the study of the known fauna, of Middle Neocene age.
The material on which the descriptions are based was collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, of Victoria, B. C., who has kindly per- mitted the author to study the extensive collections which he has made at both of the above-mentioned localities.
Cytherea Newcombei n. sp.
Shell subquadrate to oval, high, moderately thick, truncated an- teriorly. Beaks not prominent. Lunule faintly marked. Surface ornamented with numerous, irregularly placed growth lines and ridges. On some well-preserved specimens a large number of very faint radial lines are visible. Length of large specimen 70 mm., breadth 55 mm. Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth and a short pit for the anterior lateral tooth of the opposite valve. This pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth is shallower and much shorter than in the following species.
Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.
Cytherea vancouverensis n. sp.
Shell oval, narrowly rounded anteriorly. Beaks prominent. Lunule well marked. The somewhat weathered surface of the shells ornamented by numerous, irregularly placed growth ridges. Length of type specimen 62? mm., breadth 48 mm. Hinge of right
1 Note on Two Tertiary Faunas from the Kocks of the Southern Coast of Vancouver Island. Bull. Geol. Dept. Univ. of Calif., Vol. 2, No. 3.
THE NAUTILUS. 65
valve with three cardinal teeth and a long, deep tooth pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth of the left valve. Pit between the two anterior cardinal teeth of right valve ordinarily narrower and deeper than in C. Neivcombei. Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.
Patella geometrica n. sp.
Shell large and heavy, up to 50 mm. or more in length, suborbi- cular. Apex elevated, well forward. Surface ornamented by about twenty broad, strong, radial ribs, which are much wider than the interspaces. Radial ribs crossed by numerous, prominent, narrow, sometimes leafy, transverse ridges.
Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.
Turritella diversilineata n. sp.
Shell medium size. The imperfect type specimen shows seven flattened whorls, which are strongly bevelled below. Flattened sides ornamented by five revolving ribs of which the lowest, stand- ing on the angle of the whorl, is much stronger than the others. On some of the whorls there are indications of revolving sculpture on the bevelled surface between the lowest rib and the suture.
Locality : Carmanah Point, Vancouver Island.
Nassa Newcombei n. sp.
Shell between 25 and 30 mm. in length. Whorls five, with a well marked shoulder, ornamented by numerous longitudinal and transverse ribs which give the middle portion of the whorls a tessel- ated appearance. The upper revolving rib, which forms the angle of the shoulder, is stronger than the others and is usually separated from them by a distinct groove. On the last whorl the transverse ribs (about 25) are dominant on the upper portion, excepting the shoulder, and are latticed by the less conspicuous revolving sculpt- ure. On the lower portion of the whorl the transverse ribs dis- appear, leaving the well-defined revolving ribs uninterrupted.
Bullia buccinoides n. sp.
Shell ovate, whorls five. Spire short. Suture partially or en- tirely covered. Aperture with strong anterior notch. Outer lip thin, sharp ; inner lip with broad callus. Length 25-30 mm.
Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.
University of California, August, 1897.
'^/LIBRARY
66 THE NAUTILUS.
EDITOKIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
MARSHFIELD, OREGON (Coos BAY), Aug. 23, 1897.
My Dear Pilsbry : — Though I have had good success as far as fossils are concerned, it has been the wrong season for land shells in southern Oregon. Everything is three inches deep in impalpable dry dust, and even the trees are dusty. Barring a few Helix fidelis and vancouverensis in aestivation and an occasional Ariolimax, I have seen nothing in the woods, and the rare brooks here are curi- ously bare of insect or molluscan life.
Since coming to the sea coast I have been too busy to do more than note the commoner species on the beaches, and observe a few items of distribution. The eastern clam, Mya arenaria, has become acclimated, and is one of the best and most abundant bivalves. It was introduced unintentionally with seed oysters from the East. The Pacific oyster, 0. lurida, is not now found living in the bay, but specimens (which may have been brought here from other places) occur sparingly in the Indian shell heaps. Unexpected was the presence of Nassa fossata in numbers, I think not before re- ported so far north. A rarity of the rocks at Cape Arago is the black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, of which this must be nearly, if not quite, the northern limit. Among rubbish on the beach were a dead specimen of Mitra maura, and a valve, also dead and worn, of Tivela crassatelloides. These I suspect to be ballast specimens. The beaches offer a poor collecting ground, even Littorinas are scarce. I noted the following species of shells near the entrance of the bay, though winter collecting would doubtless afford a longer list: —
Acmaea patina, pelta, persona and mitra ; Olivella biplicata and bcetica ; Purpura crispata, decemcostata and ostrina ; Litorina scutn- lata, Priene oregonensis, Nassa fossata, Fissuridea aspera, Crypto- chiton stelleri, Katherina tunicata and Mopalia muscosa; Mya aren- aria, Entodesma saxicola, Cardiwn nuttalli, Saxidomus squalidus, Tresus nuttallii, Tapes rigida, Petricola carditoides, Saxicava arctica, Macoma nasuta and ineonspieua (pink and white varieties), Siliqua patula, Hinnites giganteus ; a fragment of Pecten caurinus, and in holes in the sandstones Pholadidea penita, Parapholas californica, Zirphcea crispata, Adula stylina and Kellia laperousei.
Yours very truly,
W. H. BALL.
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ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
The annual reports will be due in December. Promptness in sending reports will be appreciated by the General Secretary. The annual dues are due in December. The election of President and General Secretary is held in the same month.
Our President, Prof. Josiah Keep, conducted a class in conchol- ogy at Pacific Grove this last summer.
COLLECTING AT BALLAST POINT.
(Extract from the report of Mrs. L T. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.)
On Thursday, Dec. 31, 1896, at 8 A. M., our family started out to finish up the year by collecting shells on that day. We went to San Diego — a ten minutes' trip by rail — and then took a naptha launch for somewhere, we were not sure where, until we could take our bearings, and see what places were possible to us.
Out past the ships from England and Australia we made our way, and could soon see the row of little settlements, if such they may be called, along the north end of the bay. Farthest to the east is Roseville, then La Playa, Quarantine, Ballast Point, and farthest to the west, Pt. Loma, a promontory, five hundred feet high, surmounted by its lighthouse.
As we studied our geography lesson, it was decided that our boat should drop us at Quarantine and call for us at 3.30 P.M., at Bal- last Point, a distance one and one-half miles if you ride, and two miles or more if you walk.
About 10.30 we set our foot on the beach at Quarantine, and, a few minutes later, having eaten our lunch to get it out of the way, we began to work. At high tide the walk we contemplated would have been impossible, as the water comes quite up to the bank, which, much of the way, is a high and precipitous cliff. But the tide was going out rapidly, and not only making a pathway, but uncovering for us what we had come to see. Mr. T., with his Zool- ogy class in mind, walked along at the water's edge, watching closely for all kinds of animal life.
I walked up on the just uncovered beach, seeing what I might capture. My first prize proved to be a "giant key-hole," Lucapina
68 THE NAUTILUS.
crenulata, animal and shell still in partnership. As this was the first one I had seen alive, I was more delighted than if I should have been over the discovery of a continent. I have all the conti- nents I want, but am always ready for another giant key-hole.
Having all paid our respects to our new acquaintance, and re- covered somewhat from the shock of finding something we really wanted, we gently put him to rest in the pail of sea water carried by the " zoologist," and we proceeded on our way to other " finds." Not many minutes later another Lucapina met my delighted gaze, and with fewer demonstrations than before, he was seized and sent at once to join his brother.
By this time we had come to the bed of mussels, clams and oysters which had begun to be exposed to view. We had reason to look for rock oysters, Hinnites giganteus, in that section of the country, but as collecting them had never been much in our line before, it took us some time to learn how to find them. They were so muddy and looked so much like other things for which we had no use, that we could'nt always be sure of what we were getting, till afterward. While Mr. T. wrestled with that problem, I amused myself by springing pleasant surprises on cup and saucer limpets, Criicibulum spinosum, and transferring them to my basket irom their happy homes on stones, old shells, broken glass, etc. As this was a new kind of limpet for me to collect alive in any quantity, and of good size, I laid in a good supply. Occasionally specimens of Lutricola alta, Semele decisa,Sanguinolaria Nutiallii, Psammobia rubro-radiata, Bulla nebulosa and Haminea virescens were found along here.
A little further on we began to find quantities of Heterodonax bimaculatm, of a larger size than we had found in San Pedro Bay, of various colors, purple, salmon, white and striped, every one too beautiful to leave !
A few minutes before time for our return boat, our most exciting capture was made, that of a devil fish, presumably 18 inches or more from tip to tip (he would'nt lie still to have his measure taken). He was ruthlessly torn from the hole under a stone where he was domiciled, and, in spite of his writhes and wriggles, was consigned to the sea water pail, which by this time was filled to overflowing with star-fish, sea-cucumbers and the not to be overlooked giant key-holes. Now the star-fish were respectfully invited to take a back seat in some of the numerous bags, etc., which we have learned to carry for just such emergencies, that his majesty, the devil fish,
THE NAUTILUS. 69
might have their room. Ashamed of himself, as he well might be (or was it only a becoming modesty which impelled him ?) he im- mediately began to squirm his way to the very bottom of the pail, and there he remained for the home trip.
Then with heavy loads but light hearts, we found our way to the light house on Ballast Point, where our launch soon called for us. As we went down to the water to step on board, Mr. T., who led the way, saw directly in his path, as if waiting for hifn, our third Luca- pina. Back to San Diego, six miles, we went, and by six o'clock were at home, and preparing to put in formalin "pickle" for future use, the finds of the day.
GENERAL NOTES.
A few months ago I received from H. Rolle, Berlin, two speci- mens of Achatina crawfordi Melv. One of the shells was broken when received, and noticing that there appeared to be something loose inside, I investigated, and got out three embryonic shells about 8 mm. in diameter. As the Achatinidce are said to be ovipa- rous, this was quite a surprise to me, and I thought a note of it might be of interest to you. As there was no sign of a " calcareous shell," it would appear that this species, at least, is viviparous.
— Geo. H. Clapj).
POLYGYRA MEARNSII Ball, has been found by Prof. J. D. Tinsley in the Organ Mts., New Mexico, high up in Filmore Cafion, one dead shell. I am responsible for the identification.
T. D. A. Cockerell.
Dr. Lorenzo Yates, of Santa Barbara, Cal., has a short article on the shells of Santa Barbara Channel in the August number of the " Overland Monthly."
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
Messrs Ph. Dautzenberg and H. Fischer have issued their final report on mollusks obtained by the dredgings made by the " Hiron- delle" and the " Princesse Alice," 1888-1896.1 A useful table of the stations precedes the report on species. The operations were nearly all conducted around the Azores Is. New species are de-
de la Soc. Zool. de France, X, 1897.
70 THE NAUTILUS.
scribed of the genera Pleurotoma (sensu latissirao), Cerithiella, Amphirissoa (a new Rissoid genus with continuous, reflexed peri- stome), Basilissopis (a new genus resembling Basilissa, but not pearly, etc.), Enlima, Niso, Turbonilla, Turcicula, Cyclostrema, Coc- ciilina, Puncturella, Acmcea, Aliceia (name preoccupied), Isomonia (new group of Anomiidce), Chlamys, Amussium, Myrina,Arca, Leda, Malletia, Cardium, Axinus, Diplodonta, Cusjndaria, Verticordia, Thracia and Poromya. All the new forms are figured, but the pho- totypes are not so clear in detail as we could desire, being decidedly inferior to those illustrating " Les Mollusques Marins du Roussil- lon," for example. Otherwise the work seems well done in every respect.
In treating the Scalidce and the genus Mathilda obtained by the same expedition,2 Mr. Dautzenberg has the able assistance of Mr. E. de Boury, well known for his studies on Scalidce. Thirteen spe- cies are recorded, of which seven are new.
BREEDING SINISTRAL HELICES. — Arnold Lang, in Vierteljahr- schr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich, XLI, 1896, Jubelband, p. 448, gives the results of two experiments to ascertain whether as a rule sinistral individuals of normally dextral snails produced sinistral or dextral young. The experiments were conducted two consecutive years, once with seven, another time with nine individuals of Helix poma- tia. They were completely isolated ; and the result was only dex- tral young. No less than 241 young were obtained from the lot of seven.
Edwin Grant Conklin, Professor of Comparative Embryology in the University of Pennsylvania, has published in the Journal of Morphology for April, 1897, an elaborate work on the Embryology of Crepidula, with especial reference to the " cleavage of the ovum, the formation of the germinal layers and definitive organs, and the axial relations of the ovum to the larval and adult axes." The work is too extensive for abstract here, being, in fact, one of the most thoroughly worked out studies in "cell lineage" yet produced in America, and especially valuable for the attention given to the later stages with the object of tracing the individual blastomeres of the cleaving egg onward to the germ layers. The interesting obser- vations upon the natural history of Crepidula forming part of the prefatory portion of Prof. Couklin's memoir, we hope to reprint later.
2 Same volume.
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Genus CEPOLIS Montfort, 1810.
Section Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840.
46. CEPOLIS VAEIANS (Menke). Key West ; Lower and Upper Matacumba Keys ; Biscayne Bay. Also New Providence, Inagua, etc., Bahamas.
Genus ACANTHINULA Beck, 1846.
The systematic position of this genus and of Vallonia is unknown. Section Zoogenites Morse, 1864.
47. ACANTHINULA HARPA (Say). Northern tier of States from Maine to Minnesota ; Canada ; Bering Island (Vega) ; also Sweden, Kamchatka, etc.
Genus VALLONIA Risso, 1826.
48. VALLONIA PULCHELLA (Miill.). Montana eastward, from Canada to, or nearly to, the Gulf of Mexico. Europe.
49. VALLONIA EXCENTRICA Sterki. Quebec and Maine to Mary- land, west of Ohio ; also Europe.
50. VALLONIA COSTATA (Miill.). Quebec to Washington, west to Colorado, Europe.
50a. VALLONIA COSTATA MONTANA Sterki. Rocky Mts.
51. VALLONIA ALBULA Sterki. Quebec, Manitoba, British Columbia.
52. VALLONIA PARYULA Sterki. Illinois to Nebraska, south to Indian Territory (F. americana Ancey is the same).
53. VALLONIA GRACILICOSTA Reinh. Mingusville, Mont. ; Fort Berthold, Dakota.
54. VALLONIA CYCLOPHORELLA Ancey. Washington to Montana, south to New Mexico.
55. VALLONIA PERSPECTIVA Sterki. Northern Alabama and Tennesee to Iowa ; Mingusville, Montana.
Subfamily POLYGYRINJE (vel Protogona).
Genus PKATICOLELLA v. Martens, 1892.
56. PRATICOLELLA BERLANDIERIANA (Moricand). Texas, Anderson and Bosque Counties southward : also Mexico.
57. PRATICOLELLA GRISEOLA (Pfr.). Southern-central Texas; also and mainly Mexico, as far south as Vera Cruz.
72 THE NAUTILUS.
Genus POLYGYRA Say, 1818.
(Typical Section).
58. POLYGYRA CEREOLUS (Miihlf.). Florida Keys and the adjacent mainland.
58a. POLYGYRA CEREOLUS CARPENTERIANA (Bid.). Florida, mainly on the west coast.
59. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA Say. Central and northeastern Florida.
59a. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA SANCTIJOHANNIS Pils. Valley of the St. John's River.
59b. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA VOLVOXIS (Pfr.). St. Simon's I., Georgia, to Florida and west to New Orleans, La., and Galvestou, Texas. (Poly.febigeri Bid. is a synonym).
59c. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA FLORIDANA Hemphill. Oyster Bay, Florida.
* * *
60. POLYGYRA AURICULATA Say. Indian River region and St. John's valley to Cedar Keys.
60a. POLYGYRA AURICULATA MICROFORIS Dall. Johnson's Sink, Alachua Co.,Fla.
61. POLYGYRA UVULIFERA (Shuttl.). Florida, Key West and Cape Sable north to Tampa Bay ; Lake Apopka.
62. POLYGYRA AURIFORMIS (Bid.). Cornal, Bexar and Burleson Counties, Texas, east to Unioutown, Ala. and Georgia.
63. POLYGYRA ESPILOCA (" Rav." Bid.). Sullivan's I., S. C.and St. Simon I., Ga., west to New Orleans, La. and Indianola, Texas.
64. POLYGYRA POSTELLIANA (Bid.). Coast counties of Georgia to Baldwin, Florida.
65. POLYGYRA AVARA Say. Valley of the St. John's River, Florida.
66. POLYGYRA PUSTULA (Fer.). South Carolina and Lee Co., Ga., south to St. Augustine and Cedar Keys, Florida.
67. POLYGYRA PUSTULOIDES (Bid.). St. Simon I., Ga., west to eastern Tennessee and Jackson Co., Ala.
68. POLYGYRA LEPORINA (Gld.). Henry Co., Indiana, through Ky. and Tenn. to Ga. ; Cape Girardeau and Barry Counties, Mo., south and southwest to Ft. Gibson, Ind. Terr., and Anderson, Lee, Washington, and Ft. Bend Counties, Texas. The only typical Polygyra extending north of the Ohio River.
(To be Continued.^
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VOL. XI. NOVEMBER, 1897. No. 7.
NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.
BY W. H. DALL.
Helix (Lysinoe) Queretaroana n. sp.
Shell large, rugose, with a pale yellow-brown periostracum over a livid whitish, finely granular surface ; whorls five, sloping above, with a well marked suture, to a rather elevated narrow apex ; below rounded ; nuclear whorl and a half smooth, perhaps with micro- scopic punctuations when unworn ; the rest of the surface rugose from irregular incremental lines and densely covered with minute rounded pustules; apex with a few darker flecks on the whitish ground, but otherwise the shell is destitute of color pattern and entirely without banding; aperture ample, oblique, outer lip simple, not reflected, internally somewhat thickened by a livid rose-colored callus; inner lip rose color, reflected, nearly covering a small perforate umbilicus ; throat brownish, deeper just below the suture on the body whorl, a thin callus connecting the somewhat incurved outer lip with the pillar; base turgid, rounded. Alt. 37, max. diam. 39, min. diam. 32 mm.
Final de Amoles, Queretaro, Mexico, E. W. Nelson.
This fine species is related to H. Humboldtiana, from which it is easily distinguished by its color, more pointed spire and less de- pressed apex. The rose color of the interior becomes less bright with time.
Helix (Lysinoe) sebastiana n. sp.
Shell large, moderately depressed, of four and a half whorls, with a well marked suture; nepionic whorls two, smooth, plum colored;
74 THE NAUTILUS.
subsequent whorls obliquely flattened above, full and rounded below ; surface marked only witb incremental lines and irregular minute vermiculations in general harmony therewith ; color a dark plum hue, which where covered by the brownish epidermis appears nearly black ; at the periphery a narrow white or yellowish band, above it two narrower, nearly equidistant smaller ones, that nearer the suture more or less obscure on the last whorl ; the whitish bands are visible inside the aperture, the rest of the shell is dark ; aperture ample, produced above, the lip slightly thickened, the pillar broadly reflected over a moderate umbilicus. Alt. 30, max. diam. 40, min. diam. 32 mm.
This species is more depressed than H. eximia, and has one less whorl, a darker base and less reflection of the peristome. The granulation is rather sparse and very irregular.
Near San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico, Nelson.
Polygyra Nelsoni n. sp.
Shell dark brown, of five and a half rather depressed whorls ; suture distinct, surface with well-marked even riblets, separated by wider interspaces, except on the nepionic shell which is smooth, and of two whorls ; periphery above the middle of the whorl, base rounded with a deep subcylindrical umbilicus; aperture depressed above, with a wide, reflected, white peristome; basal lip with two well developed teeth and wide callus on the inner edge of the peri- stome outside of the outer tooth ; body with a long sigmoid or nearly V-shaped tooth nearly parallel with the basal lip. Alt. 7'2, maj. diam. 14'5, min. diam. 12'0 mm.
With the last. This species differs from P. matermontana Pils. (from Colima) by its coarser ribbing, larger size and smaller umbilicus, the peristome is also more oblong. P. plagioglossa Pfr. is smaller with a rounder aperture. A smaller relatively more elevated variety, collisella, alt. 7, maj. diam. 11, min. diam. 95 mm., was found at San Sebastian and La Laguna, Jalisco, by Nelson- The latter is on the Sierra de Guanocatlan.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF LAND SHELL FROM IDAHO.
BY HENRY HEMPHILL.
Helix devia variety Clappi llcuqiliill.
Shell very much depressed; light horn-color; strise of growth very fine with occasional coarser ones at irregular intervals on some
THE NAUTILUS. 75
of the specimens ; epidermis thin, a little brownish in color, and appearing very minutely hirsute in some shades of light under a strong pocket lens ; whorls about five, the last flatly convex not descending at its termination, or very little in the largest specimens ; spire depressed, very little elevated above the plane of the shell ; suture distinct and well defined; aperture transversely lunar, a little flattened beneath ; peristome reflected, moderately thickened, with a faint, long lamellar basal deposit on its inner edge, sometimes absent; parietal wall bearing a small white rather sharp-pointed denticle just within the aperture and near the termination of the upper lip, rarely absent; lower surface of the shell flatly convex, with a deep broad umbilicus showing a portion of the penultimate whorl.
Greater diam. of the largest specimen, 15, lesser 12 mm. Greater diam. of the smallest specimen, 11, lesser 9 mm. Height of the largest specimen, 5 mm. Height of the smallest specimen, 3 mm.
Habitat, Salmon River Mts., Idaho.
This interesting form belongs to a large and very variable, but closely related group of shells that has a wide geographical range, some of its members inhabiting every state and territory of the United States, and even passing beyond its limits. The west coast forms of this group revolve around Helix devius Gld., as a common centre, and radiate from it in every darection, greatly but gradually diminishing in size, increasing, decreasing, diminishing and varying in the number, size and form of the apertural denticles, and with all the imtermediate stages of a brotid open, to a closely sealed umbilicus. Our new variety differs from all the other known forms of this group of shells, by the combination of its very depressed spire, basal lamellar deposit, and its large umbilicus. Its nearest ally is variety Blandi, from which it is separated by the basal deposit and larger umbilicus.
I take much pleasure in dedicating this form to my young friend, Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, Pa., an intelligent student and enthusiastic collector of American land shells.
NOTES ON SLUGS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.
My esteemed friend, Mr. Pilsbry, in conjunction with Mr. Van- atta, has favored us with the first part of a " Revision of North
76 THE NAUTILUS.
American Slugs," which is, in all respects, a most valuable and timely production.
As might be supposed, the authors find it necessary to criticise their predecessors in the study — just as, no doubt, their successors will criticise them. But whatever criticism may be offered, it will always be recognized that they put our slugs on a sounder basis than before, supposing that they finish the work so well begun.
Nevertheless, if they are not careful, they are liable to be trou- bled by the the shades of the departed ; and they have, in fact, woke out of his malacological grave the present writer, who has a few posthumous observations to make herewith.
Ariolimax californicus.
In Nov., 1889, Mr. H. F. Wickham sent me two examples of this species, which he found at Los Gatos, California. I have before me the drawings I then made of their internal anatomy, which agree with those of Messrs. Pilsbry and Vanatta, except that the epiphal- lus is less swollen and the retractor penis is not so broad. The epi- phallus is clearly shown running to the end of the so-called "flagel- lum " of the penis ; so that this point in the anatomy, which our authors seem to think they were the first to observe, was known to me long ago. Of course they could not be supposed to know any- thing about an unpublished observation, but had they carefully examined the literature, they would have read Simroth's statement : " Herr Cockerell fand, nach brieflicher Mittheilung, dass em echtes Flagellum nicht vorhanden ist, sondern dass das vas deferens sich bis su dessen bliuden Ende verfolgen lasst." (Malak. Bl., N. F., XI, p. 114). They might also have observed fig. H, pi. V, of W. G. Binney's 3d Suppt., which, though rather rough, is practically correct. Binney himself says the vas deferens " enters the penis at the end of the flagellum below the bulb," (Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 100), which cannot be considered far wrong. Simroth's figure in Mai. Bl. is, however, unquestionably wrong as to this matter, sup- posing that he had real californicus before him.
Our authors assume that californicus f. maculatus is really colum- bianus, on the wholly insufficient grounds that they have never seen spotted californicus. Yet they may be correct, as I never had a spotted californicus I could dissect. My notes on the British Mu- seum specimens are as follows :—
" Ariolimax californicus, from W. G. Binney. Big spot on mantle. 45 mm. long.
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"Ariolirnax coiumbian.u#, from W. G. Binney, 45 mm. long.
"Really, there is no external difference between these slugs! — at least, nothing specific. Californicus is more keeled, and has a nar- rower sole (sole lat. of cal. 11, of columb. 13 mm.). Sole of cofumb. is unicolor grayish ochre, that of calif, has lateral tracts grayer ; both are transversely wrinkled. Reticulations on body appear to me to be the same. In color both are ocbreous, columb. has black mot- tling on body (v. maculatus Ckll.) ; calif, has similar black marbling on body, but mantle, instead of being unicolor, has a large black spot, diam. 6 mm., over place of shell (v. maculatus, nov.). This spot on mantle is in fig. of columb. mac. in Binney, PI. vi, f. A." (Ckll. MSS.).
Ario Umax costaricensis.
Here again our authors must be convicted of hasty judgment. They complain that there is nothing in the description to identify the slug, except the locality ; but they overlook the peculiar oliva- ceous color. British Museum slugs are not permitted to be dis- sected, and I gave the best account of the creature I could under the circumstances. It is to californicus much what Parmacella var. olivacea is to P. inaculata, or Anademis schlagintweitito A.altivagus. Whether it is a good species or only a color variety cannot at pres- ent be determined, but at least it will be easily recognizable.
Prophysaon.
In their introductory remarks, our authors allude to the difficulty of identifying West Coast slugs. I believe this difficulty is by no means a serious one, if one is familiar with the literature, and will exclude certain forms which are probably not distinct. The follow- ing table may help to separate the recognized species of Prop hy- saon : —
(1.) Epiphallus stout, sausage-shaped. A pale dorsal stripe.
a. Ochreous species, P. padficum (mcl./ai>w?/<).
b. Grayish species, .... P. andersoni (incl. hemphilli). (2). Epiphallus banana-shaped, but tapering at the end. No pale
dorsal stripe, . . P. cceruleiim (Epiphallus rather slender, flattish, tapering, somewhat curved. Shell 2 mm. long, narrow, white, shiny).
(3). Epiphallus slender, gradually tapering to a point. Body with a blackish dorsal band.
78 THE NAUTILUS.
a. Jaw ribbed, P. fasciatum.
b. Jaw only striate, ... P. humile. (Until more material of humile is seen, it cannot be made sure that the jaw-character is a
specific one.)
My present opinion is that Pkenacarion must be merged in Pro- physaon s. str.
In order to further elucidate some of the forms of Prophysaon, I give below some of my notes, made years ago, but not published at the time.
Prophysaon hemphilli W. G. Binney (as Phenacarion~).
This must not be confounded with P. hemphilli B. and B., which I consider specifically identical with andersoni. I know little more about it than may be gathered from Mr. Biuney's account. Mr. Binney sent me one from near the mouth of the Chehalis River, and I noted at the time: looks like type foli.olatus in alcohol. Sole pale yellowish white. Edge of foot dark, with darker transverse lines. Body bluish-gray, tapering ; mantle more brownish.
Prophysaon foliolatum (Arion foliolatus Old.).
Comparing this with P. hemphilli B. & B., I noted : — Sole white, oblique transverse grooves visible. Transverse dark streaks on edge of sole more strongly marked, alternating strong and weak Body exactly the same color (in alcohol) as hemphilli B. & B. Pale dorsal line very slightly indicated. Reticulations practically as in hemphilli, but foliations more distinct. Mantle not so dark and brownish-tinged ; bands represented by subcoalesced black marks ; black spots scattered about. As I wrote in An. Mag. N. Hist., 1890, " it is most difficult to separate P. foliolatum and Proph. hemphilli (i. e. andersoni) specifically." An alcoholic example of hemphilli differed from foliolatum as under—
Prophysaon hemphilli B. & B.
Sole slightly yellowish, only wrinkled transversely. Marks on edge of sole quite similar, but not so well marked. Body purplish mouse-color, i. e., gray with a lilac tinge. Mantle dark, with indis- tinct " smoke colored band." Body tapering. No mucus pore. A pale dorsal line is barely indicated just behind mantle to half length of back. Slug 42 mm. long.
THE NAUTILUS. 79
Prophysaon andersoni (Cooper).
An alcoholic from Olympia was described thus: — Twenty four mm. long. Sole yellowish-white. Oblique grooves as in foliolatus. Markings on edge of sole as in hemphilli B. & B., but not so dark. Body same color as hemphilli, but paler at sides ; in fact, white above sole at sides. Reticulations as in hemphilli, showing out lilac-gray on the whitish sides. Pale (rather brownish) dorsal line. No indication of any keel. Body much less tapering than in hemphilli. No mucus pore. Mantle smaller and more rounded at ends than in hemphilli, decidedly brownish, its edges pale. There are indistinct subdorsal bands on mantle. Ovotestis imbedded in liver ; in fasciatum it is visible without moving liver.
A living P. andersoni from Haywards, California, sent by Dr. Cooper, agreed with the above, but differed in its mantle, which was not brown but grayish, heavily marbled with dark gray dorsally, so as to appear almost uniform blackish, and at sides with dark gray or blackish marbling showing out plain on the pale ground. The surface of the mantle is beautifully beaded-granular. The pale dor- sal line is brownish tinged, thus differing from the rest of the body.
The epiphallus of P. andersoni v. suffusa, from Chehalis, Wash., is very stout, shorter than that of typical andersoni.
Prophysaon humile.
A Coeur d'Alene example, compared with fasciatum, differs thus :— Sole gray instead of yellowish. Transverse wrinkles not oblique. Grooves on edge not dark. Reticulation practically the same. Dorsal band on body much reduced. Ground color grayish.
Prophysaon fasciatum.
Specimens in alcohol were sometimes tinged with scarlet, but I could not be sure whether this was natural or due to some acci- dental staining.
In conclusion, I hope it will not be supposed that all the charac- ters above given are believed by the writer to be specific. The pur- pose is, simply to point out differences between the specimens which have been differently named, without deciding how far those differ- ences are specific. In my Check-List of Slugs, and elsewhere, I have indicated my opinion about the species as such.
Mesilla, New Mexico, Sept. 15, 1896.
80 THE NAUTILUS.
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
For the benefit of our new members I will say that while the Popular Science A/ews is the official organ of the Agassiz Associa- tion, THE NAUTILUS is the official organ of our Conchological Chapter.
Please bear in mind the annual reports and dues are to be sent in next month. This department is made up from the reports of our members. Let us make this year's volume of Transactions the best we have ever had.
The volume when last heard from had just been forwarded by Mr. Hilles Smith to Mr. James H. Lemon, Toronto, Ontario. The book has " gone the rounds " rather slowly this year.
COLLECTING DURING THE SUMMER OF '96.
[Extract from the report of Mr. H. Howe. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896].
During the summer months I collected around San Pedro and Long Beech. A very pretty and rather rare shell is the Aetceon pniictoccelatus Cpr., commonly called the "barrel shell." It may be found alive during June, July and August, at the roots of the eel-grass where it comes to breed. The eggs are almost microscopic and are laid in coiled masses about one inch in length, which is twice the size of the entire Mollusk shell and all. The Actceon (also called Eidaxis) lives in deep water and can only be collected during the breeding season.
In August I made a trip to Anaheim Landing in company with a friend, also a collector. As the low tide occured at four o'clock in the morning (and we live about ten miles away) we had to start at two o'clock in the morning. On arriving at our collecting ground we set to work and soon had excavated several fine Glycimeris generosa and Sehizothcerus Nuttalli. These are about the hardest shells to collect that I know of, for they live from two to three feet down in the mud. In the soft clay we dug out some fine Pholas pacifica and Zirphcea crispata, Bidla nebnlosa and Pecten (iijidsulcatus, were very large and plentiful. At this place I found my first live Nassa perpinguis. When hunting for the burrows of
THE NAUTILUS. 81
the Glycimeris, unless an expert, one is apt at the end of his search, to be very much disgusted at finding instead of the desired rnollusks, nothing but a "sea cucumber."
At San Pedro I secured a dozen or more living specimens of Chrysodomus Kellettii, brought in from deep water by a fisherman, and, collected on the mud-flats a few Trophon Belcheri and a large Mactra Hemphillii.
In the pholas bed at San Pedro I found some large specimens of Adula sty Una and Lithophagus plumula, three young Parapholas Californica and a few specimens of Nettastomella Darwinii, a little borer about three-fourths of an inch long and gaping widely at the posterior end.
After a heavy tide at Long Beach one may collect occasional specimens of Periploma planiuscula Sby., Clidiophora punctata and odd valves of Raeta undulata and Yoldia Cooperi.
While on a camping trip this summer to Maliban Ranch, a rocky strip of sea coast about twenty miles north of Santa Monica I collected my first specimens of Lasea rubra. It is a tiny bivalve about the size of a pin-head, and the smallest Pelecypod on this coast. I found them on the byssus of Mytilus Californicus. On the same rocks with, and feeding on the Mytilus I found a fine series of Purpura saxicola the largest and most beautiful I have seen. In color they varied from white and orange to jet black, some striped, some plain, others smooth, and still often slightly roughened. I think this is about the only place in Los Angeles County where Purpuras are to be found. (Two or three collectors have found Purpuras at Portuguese Bend, in Los Angeles County. Purpura saxicola and Purpura lima var. emarginata, are syno- nymous terms used for one of our Californica purpuras. The shell figured in " West Coast Shells " as P. lima refers to another shell— M. B. W.).
NOTES AND NEWS.
In L'Echange for June, 1897, p. 46, Mr. Locard establishes anew genus Assiminopsis for the new A. abyssorum, from the Atlantic south of Portugal in 1,205 metres depth. It is probably Rissoid.
M.Jules Mabille's "Observations sur le genre Bulla" in Bull. Soc. Philomathique de Paris, 1895-96 (published in 1897), is prac-
82 THE NAUTILUS.
tically a monograph of the group, although there are numerous omissions. B. ampulla is split into several species formerly (and justly) regarded as varieties. B. vernicosa Gould is described as new under the name "B. secunda." B. adamsi Mke., which has already had several synonyms, figures as "B. subaitstralis sp. nov." B. ditbiosa, habitat unknown, and B. delorti, Japan, are also de- scribed as new. The first is certainly well named. In all 23 spe- cies are mentioned, this number including several not entitled to that rank. In the monograph published in Manual of Conchology, 1894, there are 32, not counting " bad " species.
In his "Contributions a la Connaissance des Mollusques Terrestres el d'Eau Douce de Kameroun"1 Mr. Adolf d'Ailly has made a sub- stantial addition to the rather meagre literature of west African land shells. The shells described were collected by three Swedish naturalists, Mr. P. Duzen and Drs. Y. Sjostedt and J. R. Jungner The Cameroon fauna is rich in species of Ennea, 17 being enumer- ated, 8 of them new. The Zonitoid genera Helicarion, Zonitarion, Thapsia and Trochozonites are represented by numerous species with many new forms. In the Achatinidce a new genus, Ganomi- dos, is proposed for Achatina Shidtleicorthi Pfr. and A. Barriana Sowb. The genus Petitia Jousseaume (of tautologic fame) is recog- nized for Achatina pulchel'a Martens, of which Petitia Petitia Jouss. and Ach. Smithi Sowb. are reckoned synonyms. Pseudachatina, Perideris and Limicolaria are well represented. M. d'Ailly has in- dependently arrived at the conclusion that the sculpture of the em- bryonic shell is frequently a character of high value in the Pulmon- ate snails. Five well-drawn lithographic plates illustrate the new species described.
VALLONIA PARVULA AND PUPA HOLZINGERI. — In the October NAUTILUS just received to-day I notice that Vallonia parvula Sterki, is not given as occurring east of Illinois. In the summer of 1891 I discovered this species on Put-in Bay Island, Lake Erie. The specimens were submitted to Dr. Sterki, and determined by him. Associated with it was Pupa Holzingeri Sterki, which is also a Mississippi Valley form. The occurrence of these two species so far east may be of interest to you. — BRYANT WALKER.
1 In Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 22.
THE NAUTILUS. 83
POLYGYRA PLICATA Say. Kentucky, Tennessee and the adja- cent parts of Georgia and Alabama. Helix hazardi Bid. is syno- nymous. The name plicata was not preoccupied in Polygyra, to which genus Say originally referred this species.
POLYGYRA DORFEUILLIANA Lea. Washington to Cooke Coun- ties, Texas, through Indian Territory, Ark., La. to the Coosa River, Ala., north to Arkansas City, Kansas, Benton County, Mo., and Kentucky opposite Cincinnati.
POLYGYRA DORFEUILLIANA SAMPSONI Wetherby. Texas, Indian Terr., Mo., Ark.
POLYGYRA FASTIGIATA Say. Henry Co., Ky. to Montgomery and Franklin Counties, Tenn. Helix fastigans Lucy Say in Bid., is a synonym.
POLYGYRA JACKSONI (Bid.). Indian Territory, Ark., and Mo. north to Camdeu Co.
POLYGYRA JACKSONI DELTOIDEA Simpson. Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.
POLYGYRA TROOSTIANA Lea. Tennessee, Kentucky.
*f* *P *t-
POLYGYRA OPPILATA (Moric). Cedar Keys (Binney). A south- ern Mexican and Yucatan species, the occurrence of which in Flor- ida requires confirmation.
POLYGYRA MOOREANA (W. G. Binney). Central and southern Texas.
POLYGYRA MOOREANA THOLUS (W. G. B.). Washington County, Texas.
POLYGYRA BICRURIS (Pfr.). Brownsville and mouth of Rio Grande River, Texas. A Mexican species.
POLYGYRA VENTROSULA (Pfr.). A species of northwestern Mex- ico, reported from Texas by Binney.
POLYGYRA VENTROSULA HINDSI (Pfr.). Texas, according to Binney.
POLYGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils. Texas; also Sierra Madre, Mexico.
POLYGYRA TEXASIANA (Moric.). Indian Territory and through- out Texas.
POLYGYRA TRIODONTOIDES (Bid.). Barry Co., Mo., Indian Ter- ritory, southwestern Louisiana, south to Corpus Christi, Texas.
POLYGYRA LATISPIRA Pils. Western Texas.
POLYGYRA ARIADN^E (Pfr.). Texas, on the Rio Grande, accord- ing to Biuney.
84 THE NAUTILUS.
POLYGYRA HIPPOCREPIS (Pfr.)- Near New Braunfels, Comal Co., Texas.
POLYGYRA LEVETTEI (Bid.). New Mexico, Santa Fe Canyon, near Santa Fe ; Arizona, near Tucson ; Fort Huachuca, Huachuca Mts.
POLYGYRA LEVETTEI THOMSONIANA Ancey (var. orobcena Anc. is probably not distinct).
POLYGYRA CHIRICAHUANA Dall. Arizona near Tucson, Fly Park, Chiricaliua Mts.,Cochise Co., at 10,000 ft. alt.; New Mexico, Jeniez Mts. near Bland, and at Jemez Sulphur Spring, 8-10,000 ft. above the sea.
POLYGYRA ASHMUNI Dall. Bland, New Mexico.
POLYGYRA PSEUDODOJNTA Dall. White Oaks, New Mexico.
POLYGYRA RHYSSA DALL. White Mountains of New Mexico.
POLYGYRA MEARNSII Dall. Huachuca Mts., Arizona, and Ha- chita Grande Mt., Grant Co., New Mexico, at 8,000 to 9,400 ft. alti- tude. Also Filmore Canyon, Organ Mts.
Section Triodopsis Rafinesque.
POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA (Say). Canada to Michigan, south to northern Alabama.
POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA JUXTIDENS Pils. Southern New York to North Carolina and West Virginia.
POLYGYRA TRIDKNTATA EDENTILABRIS Pils. Cumberland Mts.
POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA COMPLANATA Pils. Burnside, Ky.
POLYGYRA FRAUDULENTA Pils. (Helix fallax of authors, not Say). Ontario, Canada, to Michigan and Illinois, south to Georgia.
POLYGYRA FALLAX (Say). (Helix introferens Bid.). Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey from Philadelphia southward to Fan- ning Co., Ga. ; Holston Valley, Tenn.; W. Va.
POLYGYRA FALLAX OBSOLETA Pils. Newbern, N. C.
POLYGYRA HOPETONENSIS (Shuttl.). Newbern, N. C. to Georgia Sea Is. and Mayport, Fla., west to Cedar Keys, Fla.
POLYGYRA VANNOSTRANDI (Bid.). Aiken, S. C.; Augusta, Ga. ; Jacksonville, Fla.
POLYGYRA VULTUOSA (Gld.). Eastern Texas and Indian Terr., north to Pettis Co., Mo.
POLYGYRA, VULTUOSA HENRIETTA (Mazyck). Angelina, Lee and Robertson Counties, Texas.
POLYGYKA VULTUOSA coPEi Weth. Hardiu Co., eastern Texas, Calcasieu Parish, La.
POLYGYRA VULTUOSA CRAGINI (Call). Neosha and Bourbon Counties, Kansas ; Eureka Springs, Ark. ; Wood Co., Texas.
(To be Continued.}
THE NAUTILUS.
iVoi.. XL
DECEMBER, 1897.
No. 8.
NEW WEST AMERICAN SHELLS.
BY W. H. BALL.
Sigaretus Oldroydii Ball, n. *i>.
Shell large, thin, naticoid, with a short spire and 3-4 inflated whorls ; color pale brown, livid on the spire, fading to waxen on the base ; surface sculptured with extremely fine wavy spiral strise ; aperture ample, oblique, the outer lip thin, a little patulous, the body covered with a thin callus, the pillar lip obliquely cut away, wide near the junction with the body, the basal part of the margin receding ; umbilicus large, pervious, its walls covered with a thin, silky, brown wrinkled epidermis. Alt. 35, diam. 37 mm.
A single specimen in deep water off Catalina Id., Gala., collected by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd.
This species is easily distinguished from any other recorded, by its very thin shell, naticoid form and wide pervious umbilicus. Pecten Palmeri Dall, n. sp.
Shell thin, orbicular, compressed, equilateral, white to yellowish- brown, with concentric or zig-zag narrow bauds or flecks of dark rose color; 15 strong ribs rounded in the young, mesially keeled 'and longitudinally threaded in the adult, separated by narrower channelled interspaces, each with a mesial thread ; all crossed by lamellose, concentric, rather sparsely distributed elevated lines; sub- margins and ears closely radially threaded with imbricated threads. Both valves similarly sculptured ; alt. 47.5, lat. 53, diameter about 20 mm.
86 THE NAUTILUS.
A number of valves collected near the head of the Gulf of Cala. by Dr. E. Palmer some years ago.
Pecten Randolph! Dall, n. sp.
Shell small, thin, glassy, unsculptured, except by minute "camp- tonectes " striation which covers both valves, and more or less ob- scure concentric undulations which are most distinct on the right valve near the umbo, and in some specimens altogether absent; hinge straight and short, anterior ears distinct, posterior ears not defined by any fold or sinus, outline suborbicular, valves com- pressed, especially the right one; right anterior ear with six small imbricated radii above, below a wide, transversely striated fasciole derived from a well marked byssal sinus ; ctenolium with four or five functional spines. Alt. 27'5, lat. 26, diam. 5 mm.
Off Destruction Island, State of Washington, in 516 fathoms, bottom temperature, 38° Fahr., U. S. Fish Commission.
This species was obtained at a number of stations, from Bering Sea to West Mexico, in 225 to 1005 fathoms. It is named in honor of Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, who has done excellent work on the Puget Sound fauna.
Pecten Davidson! Ball, n. sp.
Shell small, suborbicular, compressed, waxen white, the left valve with 21 rounded ribs, surmounted by (when not worn off) continu- ous rows of minute subglobular scales, the interspaces wider, flat and perfectly smooth, ears very small, the anterior with five or six im- bricated radii; sculpture obsolete near the umbones ; right valve sculptured with faint concentric impressed lines over the whole sur- face, and distally with numerous minute, obsolete, fine, scaly riblets; posterior ear transversely striated, very small, anterior one with four or five scaly radii, a well marked sinus leaving an imbricated fas- ciole and no ctenolium. Interior polished, the left valve fluted internally in harmony with the external ribs. Alt. 14, lat. 14, diam. 3'5 mm.
On the Davidson Bank, Alaska, in 280 fathoms, green mud, and north of Unalashka, in Bering Sea, in 351 fathoms, sand ; U. S. Fish Commission.
This little shell resembles somewhat P. (Propeamusiuni) alasken- sis Dall, externally, but wants the radiating lirse internally, is smaller, and has faint radiating sculpture on the right valve, which is wanting in P. alaskensis.
THE NAUTILUS. 87
NOTE ON TWO SPECIES OF HELICINA.
BY C. F. ANCEY.
1. Helicina Rabei Pils., recently described in the NAUTILUS from specimens collected by Dr. Rabe, must be the same as the previously described H. rufocallosa Anc., based on the examples long ago dis- tributed by Dr. J. D. E. Schmeltz, of the Museum Godeffroy, under the erroneous name of H. Fischeriana1 Montr, (which may be iden- tical with " H. Picheriana " of Paetel's Catalogue). The species is from Peleliu, Pelew Islands, and the color is very variable. The type specimen is grayish with a red basal callosity, but I have, since I published H. rufocallosa, procured other specimens having differ- ent shades of coloring.
2. Helicina Funcki Pfeiffer, originally described from New Granada (Fuuck), is also found at Greytown, Nicaragua. It has also been detected on Monkey Hill, near Colon, Isthmus of Pan- ama, by Mr. Aillaud. The size of the two specimens collected in the latter spot is different, one of them being considerably smaller and tinged with pink-red on the last whorl.
OXYCHONA UNMASKED.
BY H. A. PILSBRY.
Those who have interested themselves in South American land shells will recall the group Oxychona of Morch, containing a few acutely keeled, trochus-shaped Brazilian species, the best known of which is Helix bifasciata Burrow.
In Costa Rica and southern and eastern Mexico there are some similar Helices which had been placed in Geotrochus, Corasia, etc., but which the present writer in 18892 transferred to Oxychona. This disposition also commended itself to von Martens, who in 1893,2 adopts the same view. In my " Guide to the Study of Heli- ces," 1894, no doubt was expressed regarding the alliance of the
1 The true Fischeriana is a larger shell, allied to rufocallosa ( = JRabei) and is probably confined to the islands near eastern New Guinea.
2 Man. Conch. (2), v, p. 128.
8 Biol. Centr. Americana, Moll., p. 152.
'LI*«ARY>(
00 THE NAUTILUS.
Brazilian and Mexican species, and by the kindness of Professor Gwatkin, of Cambridge, England, who supplied a mounted prepa- ration, I was enabled to figure the jaw and teeth of Helix bifasci- ata, the type of Oxychona, and up to this time, the only species of the group to be dissected. At that time I called attention to the resemblance in dentition between Oxychona, Papuina, Polymita and other arboreal Helices, ending with an allusion to the teeth of Otostomus (now known as Drymceus aurisleporis). Recently while studying the aurisleporis group of Bulimi, I was again struck with the extreme resemblance of their radulse to that of Oxychona. Now, since my former examination of Oxychona, the study of Bulimulid groups has been revolutionized by the discovery of extremely char- acteristic generic and subgeneric characters in the sculpture of the nepionic shell, as the part formed within the egg is called ; so that
1 at once examined the apex of the Oxychona. The lens revealed in H. bifasciata and the other Brazilian species, the minutely " grated " sculpture of Drymceus ! This combination of the very characteristic and peculiar nepionic sculpture of Drymceus* with the equally char- acteristic dentition, conclusively show that Oxychona is a Drymceus masquerading as a Helix. The Central American and Mexican species referred to Oxychona have smooth apices, very different from the Brazilian group. There can be little doubt that these are true Helicidre ; and as they must now be cut adrift from Oxychona, I propose to reinstate for their reception the group name Leptarionta Crosse & Fischer, based upon Helix bicincta Pfr. This will stand as a genus, and may still be left in my group Belogona euadenia (dart bearers with true glands), next to Lysinoe, until more is known of the soft parts. At least one of the species, L. trigonostoma, is known to have a serrate keel on the tail like Lysinoe.
Figures of the apices of Oxychona and its Bulimulid allies may be found in the current volume of the Manual of Conchology. The evidence supplied by Semper, Hedley and myself that true Helices often appear disguised as Bulimi, now finds its counterpart in the Bulimulidce, in such Helicoid species as Bulimulus eremothauma Pils., and that worst cheat of all, Drymceus (Oxychona) bifasciatns Burrow.
4 Drymxus includes not only the Aurisleporis group and the flaring lipped Bulimuli like serperastus, but also "Bulimulus" dormani and multilineatus among Floridian species, either of which, if unworn, will show the apical sculpture alluded to under a sufficiently strong lens. See NAUTILUS, IX p. 114.
THE NAUTILUS. 89
ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.
[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa- tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]
A number of good reports have been promised. The volume of Transactions has been forwarded by Mrs. Mary P. Olney to Mrs. Drake, who will forward it to Mrs. King at Napa, Gala. By that time all our members will have received it.
In the November NAUTILUS Mr. Herbert Lowe's name appeared as "Howe" in the article on "Collecting During the Summer of '96."
The following nominations have been made for the officers of the Chapter for 1898: for President, Prof. Josiah Keep; for General Secretary, Dr. Wm. S. Strode.
Dr. William Healey Dall has named a new shell collected in Alaskan waters Crenella Leuna, in honor of Dr. Isaac Lea, for whom our Chapter was named. The shell, a little bivalve, is de- scribed in a Bulletin issued by the Natural History Society of British Columbia, entitled "Notice of Some New or Interesting Spe- cies of Shells from British Columbia and the Adjacent Region," by William Healey Dall, Hon. Curator Dept, of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. The Bulletin contains 18 pages, 2 plates, with 38 figures, and an index to all species mentioned in the text. Of the 30 species figured in this pamphlet, 27 are Dr. DalPs species, 23 are new species and 4 have been described by him but not fig- ured in THE NAUTILUS. Leda taphria Dall, known on the West Coast as L. ccelata Hinds (non Conrad) is figured. — The October NAUTILUS for 1896, contains a note on this species. — The genus Malletia is for " the first time recorded from the northwest coast of America."
MORNING TIDES.
[From the report of Mrs. M. L- Beck. From the Transactions of the Isaac Chapter for 1896].
One bright day in June I was told we were to go collecting the next day at San Pedro, and as the tide would be low at half past three in the morning, we would have to go to the beach the evening before and stay all night at the cabin on the island. * AVe
ate supper, and while two of us got things ready for the night, the
90 THE NAUTILUS.
rest went out on the breakwater to admire the scene. The high tide
O
by moonlight was exquisitely beautiful.
At three o'clock, after having breakfasted, we started out to col- lect while the moon was still shining brightly on the water. The tide was so low it seemed to me we could have walked over to San Pedro. Mrs. O. and I lingered back of the other collectors, and soon she picked up a Ranella californica Hds., a fine specimen which now has a corner in my cabinet. How I did wish I could find one. I poked around with my trowel and suddenly I struck a lump ; pick- ing it up, it proved to be a perfect specimen of Pleurotoma carpen- teriana Gabb, four and a quarter inches long. As I was afterward told, the only live one found in the bay. After returning to the cabin we put it in water, and when disturbed it exuded a purple fluid.
We walked to Dead Man's Island and found a number of Actceon punctoccelatus Cpr. in the pools, Marginella Jewettii Cpr., Phasia- nella compta Gld. clinging to the sea grass on the rocks ; plenty of Fissurella volcano, Chlorostoma aureotinctum and Littorina planaxis all along the breakwater. On our way back to the cabin we col- lected Haminea virescens Sby., Sulla nebulosa Gld., Comis califor- nicus Hds. and Nassa tegula Rve. We also brought home a good many Chione, from which we made delicious soup.
In July we went to Alamitos Bay, five miles from Long Beach ; it was another fine low tide. This time seven of us went in a wagon at four o'clock in the morning. We found Crudbulum spinosum Sby. on oyster shells, Cerithidia californica and Melampus olivaceus crawling up the grass stalks near the edge of the water, CEdalia subdiaphana, Angulus variegatus, Liocardium substriatum and Donax flexuoms living as it seemed in harmony together, also Amiantis cal- losa Conr., Tapes staminea Conr., Olivella bcctica Cpr., and many other shells.
NOTES AND NEWS.
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF FRESHWATER LAKES IN CENTRAL CELEBES. — Herru P. and F. Sarasin direct attention to the re- markable molluscs which live in the large and deep inland lakes of Celebes. The forms they were able to capture point to the existence of a fauna perhaps as interesting as that of the Lake of Baikal.
THE NAUTILUS. 91
The authors begin with the new Gasteropod Miratesta celebensis, for the reception of which it seems necessary to establish not only a new genus, but a new family (Miratestidse). The structure, which is briefly described, shows a combination of characters distinctive of various families. The animal is nearest the freshwater Pulmonates, especially the Limnceidae, as is suggested by the Planorbis-l\ke structure of the radula, the nervous system without chiastoneury, the hermaphroditism, and the absence of an operculum. But any very close affinity is impossible, as is shown by the large gills, the very peculiar pouched feelers, and the structure of the shell. Dis- tant relations may, perhaps, be found in the so-called Tbalassophilse (Amphibola and 8iphonaria). In any case, the family is phylo- genetically old, near the base of the freshwater Pulmonates.
Bulletin 142 U. S. Geol. Survey, 1896, contains a valuable paper upon the geology and paleontology of northwestern Louisiana by T. Wayland Vaughan. A number of new mollusks from Lower Claiborne and Jackson stages of the Eocene are described and fig- ured.
Mr. Charles Schuchert has given a very useful " Synopsis of American Fossil Brachiopoda, including Bibliography and Syn- onymy " in Bull. No. 87, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1897. The geological distribution, terminology, biological development and classification are discussed, and a valuable chapter contributed by Prof. Charles E. Beecher treats of the morphology of the brachia, a subject which in Beecher's hands has assumed great importance as an index of phylogeny and rank.
Mr. Felix Bernard has given a very thorough account of the anatomy of Chlamydoconcha Orcutti Ball, in Annales Sciences Naturelles (zool.), iv, 1896, pp. 221-252, with 2 plates.
A NEW PLICATE UNIO.
BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.
Unio Walkeri sp. nov.
Shell solid, ovate, inflated at the umbos, rough, plicate-nodulose on posterior slope and indistinctly so anterior to the umbonal ridge ; gradually fading out near the centre of the disk. Umbonal ridge uniformly rounded below and sharply angulate above. Epidermis nearly black ; transmitted light showing a light-colored texture. Very faintly marked anterior to the umbonal angle with broad, widely separated, interrupted rays. Posterior margin bluntly rounded or somewhat disposed to biangulation, uniformly rounded before, dorsum arcuate, base nearly straight or emarginate, cavity uniform, moderate and scarcely extending under the dorsal plate. Teeth solid, single in the right and double in the left valve. Ante- rior cicatrices barely distinct. Thinner behind, showing the plica-
92 THE NAUTILUS.
tions through. Nacre livid or bright pink. Width 2 in. length 1 in. diam. | in.
Habitat: Suwannee River, Madison Co., Florida.
Remarks : A large series of this peculiar shell shows considerable variation in strength of, and area covered by the plications, sharp- ness of the umbonal ridge and color of nacre. It cannot, however, be mistaken for any other species. Its natural place is between Unio subtentus Say and Unio penicillatm Lea. We name it in honor of our esteemed conchologist Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit, Mich.
POLYGYRA FERRISSI n. sp.
BY H. A. PILSBRY.
Shell resembling Polygyra dentifera Binn. in size and general form. Imperforate, thin, glossy, last two whorls of a very bright chestnut color, becoming light green on the earlier whorls. Spire very low, convex. Whorls 41, all rather convex, the first, minutely rugose, granulate, following whorls of the spire slowly widening arcuately striate and sparsely granulate, the granules oblong, generally upon the strise ; last whorls rapidly widening, a trifle constricted behind the peristome, very little descending in front, sculptured with fine, rather low strise of growth and very fine, sub- obsolete close spiral impressed lines; base very little impressed at the center. Sutures well impressed throughout. Aperture oblique, wide-orescentic ; peristome white, shading through pink to a broad purple band at the margin, very broad and flatly reflexed, appressed over and closing the umbilicus; parietal wall with a transparent film between the lips, and bearing a small oblique tooth nearer to the termination of the outer than to that of the basal lip.
Alt. 13, greatest diam. 21-5, least 18 mm.
Alt. 11, greatest diam. 20, least 16'5 mm.
Klingman's Dome and Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky Mountains (between Tenn. and N. C.).
Mr. Jas. H. Ferris found this very beautiful Helix during his summer journey in the Great Smoky range this year, with the banded form of Polygyra Andrewsce, a very dark, unicolored form of the same, P. Clarkii of extraordinary size, and other interesting snails.
P. Ferrissi is intermediate between several very distinct Helices. It has the convex green and granulate inner whorls of P. sub- palliata Pils., the fragile substance and flat, wide lip of P. dentifera Binn., and the sculpture of the last whorl somewhat like P. appressa perigrapta Pils.
The combination of these characters, together with the deep, rich reddish chestnut color of the body-whorl, emphatically negative a reference of the specimens to any of these species. The half-grown shell, 14 mm. diam., has an umbilicus 1 mm. wide and is very obsoletely angular at the periphery.
THE NAUTILUS. 93
96. POLYGYRA RUGELI (Shuttl.). Wythe Co., Va., south to Columbus, Ga., and west to Clinton, Ark.
97. POLYGYRA INFLECTA (Say). Pennsylvania west of the Al- legheny Mts., west to Illinois, south to Sea Islands of Georgia, Ala- bama, Mississippi and Indian Territory.
98. POLYGYRA EDENTATA (Sampson). Boston Mts., Washington and Crawford Counties, Arkansas (Triodopsis edentula W. G. Bin- ney is the same).
*i^ 'T' *t*
99. POLYGYRA DEVIA (Gld.). Vancouver Is. and Puget Sound region south to 46° N". Lat.
99a. POLYGYRA DEVIA HEMPHILLI (W. G. B.). Kingston and Old Mission, Idaho ; Spokane, Wash, (synonyms are Helix binomi- nata Try on, H. mullani var. olneyce Pilsbry).
99b. POLYGYRA DEVIA MULLANI (Bid. & Coop.). Near Coeur d'Alene Mission, Coeur d'Alene Mts., Idaho ; west side of Bitter Root Mts., Wash.
99c. POLYGYRA DEVIA HARFORDIANA (W. G. B.). Salmon River, Idaho (H. salmonensisTryon and H. eommutanda Ancey are synonyms).
99d. POLYGYRA DEVIA CLAPPI (Hemph.). Salmon River, Idaho.
99e. POLYGYRA DEVIA BLANDI (Hemph.). Salmon River, and Post Falls, Idaho.
99f. POLYGYRA DEVIA OREGONENSIS (Hemph.). Eastern Ore- gon.
100. POLYGYRA SANBURNI (W. G. B.). Kingston and Old Mis- sion, Idaho.
101. POLYGYRA COLUMBIANA (Lea). Sitka to Santa Cruz, Cal. lOla. POLYGYRA COLUMBIANA LABIOSA (Gld.). Coeur d'AlSne
Mts., Idaho ; Deer Lodge Valley, Montana.
102. POLYGYRA ARMIGERA (Ancey). San Francisco, Cal., to Vernon, B. C.
103. POLYGYRA ROPERI Pilsbry. Redding, Shasta Co., Califor- nia.
104. POLYGYRA LORICATA (Gld.). Eldorado to Fresno Co. west
to Sonoma Co.
* * *
105. POLYGYRA PROFUNDA (Say). Western New York to Min- nesota and Wyandotte Co., Kansas, south to Lee Co., Va., and Vicksburg, Miss. ; not east of the Allegheny Mts. in Pennsylvania and Maryland.
94 THE NAUTILUS.
106. POLYGYRA SAYII (Binn.) Quebec, Ont., northern Maine and Mich., south to Great Smoky Mts., N. C.
106a. POLYGYRA SAYII CHILHOWEENSIS (Lewis). Mountains of east Tennessee and western North Carolina.
107. POLYGYRA KIOWAENSIS (Simpson). Kiowa Station, Lime- stone Gap and near Eufaula, Indian Territory.
107a. POLYGYRA KIOWAENSIS ARKANSAENSIS Pils., near Hot Springs, Ark.
108. POLYGYRA TOWNSENDIANA (Lea). Del Norte Co., Cal., to Seattle, Wash.
108a. POLYGYRA TOWNSENDIANA PTYCHOPHORA (Brown). Deer Lodge, Montana, west through northern Idaho to Spokane, Wash., and in northern Oregon west to the Dalles. There is a color form,
castanea Hernph.
* * *
109. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS (Say). Canada to Kansas, Arkan- sas and Georgia. The form dentata Walker occurs in Michigan, etc.
109a. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS ALLENI Wetherby. Arkansas.
109b. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS MARITIMA Pils. New Jersey shore. Var. traversensis Leach ms. from Michigan is scarcely dis- tinguishable.
109c. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS MAJOR (Binn.) Northern Ala- bama and eastern Tennessee to North Carolina and Macon, Ga.
110. POLYGYRA EXOLETA (Binn.). Western New York and Pennsylvania to Illinois and Missouri, south to Virginia, Georgia and Alabama.
111. POLYGYRA MULTILINEATA (Say). Western New York to Minnesota and Iowa ; Wyandotte, Ks.
112. POLYGYRA DIVESTA (Gld.). Vernon Co., Miss., to Indian Terr. ; Louisiana, Arkansas and Barry, Jasper and Dade Counties, Mo.
113. POLYGYRA ROEMERI (Pfr.). Central Texas, Fort Worth to
Bexar Co.
114. POLYGYRA WETHERBYI (Bid.) Whitly and Pulaski Co., Ky., and Roane County, Tenn.
115. POLYGYRA DENTIFERA (Binn.). Province of Quebec, Can- ada, southwest to Swaim Co.,N.C.
116. POLYGYRA FERRISSII Pilsbry. Mirey Ridge and Klingman's Dome, Great Smoky Mts.
THE NAUTILUS. 95
117. POLYGYRA SUBPALLIATA Pils. Roan Mt. region to Cran- berry, N. C.
118. POLYGYRA PALLIATA (Say). Ontario to Michigan, south to Georgia and Louisiana.
119. POLYGYRA OBSTRICTA (Say). Ohio and Indiana south to northwestern Georgia and Batesville, Ark.
119a. POLYGYRA OBSTRICTA CAROLINENSIS (Lea). South Caro- lina ; northern Alabama, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and Georgia.
119b. POLYGYRA SARGENTIANA (Johnson & Pilsbry). Near Woodville, Alabama. Helix sargenti J. & P., not Bid., is a syno- nym.
119c. POLYGYRA APPRESSA (Say). Western Pennsylvania and Scott Co., Virginia, west through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Mis- souri, south to Arkansas and Kentucky.
119d. POLYGYRA APPRESSA PERIGRAPTA Pils. Tennessee and adjacent parts of bounding States N., E. and S.
* * *
120. POLYGYRA ELEVATA (Say). Western New York to Wis- consin, south to northwestern Georgia and Missouri ; Wyandotte, Kansas. The form with a brown band has been called /. cinda Taylor. Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee.
121. POLYGYRA CLARKII (Lea). Cherokee and Clay Counties, N. C., E. Tennessee, N. W. Georgia.
122. POLYGYRA PENNSYLVANIA (Green). Western Pennsylva- nia to Illinois, S. to Monroe Co., Virginia, and Tennessee.
>i< * *
123. POLYGYRA ANDREWS^: (W. G. Binn.). Roan and Great Smoky Mts., Tenn., Habersham Co.. N.-E. Ga., and Bibb Co., Central Ga.
124. POLYGYRA THYROIDES (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south to St. Simons I., Ga., and Texas.
124a. POLYGYRA THYROIDES PULCHELLA Ckll. Toronto, Can- ada.
124b. POLYGYRA THYROIDES BUCCULENTA (Gld.). Louisiana and Texas. Hardly recognizable as a variety.
125. POLYGYRA CLAUSA (Say). Western Pennsylvania to Minnesota, south to Wyandotte, Kansas, Jackson Co., Ala., and Sea Islands of Georgia.
126. POLYGYRA WHEATLEYI (Bid.). Mountains of western N. C. ; Habersham Co., Ga.
96 THE NAUTILUS.
127. POLYGYRA CHRISTYI (Bid.). Mountains of Cherokee, Swain and Rutherford Counties, N. C.
128. POLYGYRA MITCHELLIANA (Lea). Western Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky, Monroe Co., Va., and Cherokee Co., N. C.
129. POLYGYRA DOWNIEANA (Bid.). Whitley Co., Ky. ; eastern half of Tennessee.
130. POLYGYRA LAW.E (Lewis). Hayesville, Clay Co., N. C. ; Monroe Co., Tenn.; Houston, Hall and Habersham Counties, Ga.
130a, POLYGYRA LAW^E TALLULAHENSIS Pils. Tallulah Falls, Georgia.
131. POLYGYRA MOBILIANA (Lea). Mississippi to Baldwin, Florida, along the Gulf.
132. POLYGYRA JEJUNA (Say). Savannah, Ga., S. to Indian River and No Name Key ; west to Pensacola, Florida.
Section Stenotrema Rafinesque.
133. POLYGYRA SPINOSA (Lea). Eastern Tennessee, N. Ala- bama, and northwest Georgia.
134. POLYGYRA LABROSA (Bid.). Northern Alabama, Arkan- sas, southern Missouri.
135. POLYGYRA EDGARIANA (Lea). Mountains of Tennessee and Alabama.
136. POLYGYRA EDWARDSI (Bid.). Fayette or Greenbrier County, W. Va., Laurel, Whitley and Pulaski Counties, Ky.
137. POLYGYRA BARBIGERA (Redf.). Habersham and Hall Counties, Ga. ; Cherokee Co., N. C., also Alabama.
138. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA (Fer.). Henry Co., 111. to Vir- ginia, south to Georgia, southwest to Indian Territory.
138a. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA SUBGLOBOSA PiJs. Woodville, Alabama.
138b. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA DEPILATA Pils. Thunderhead Mt. ; near Nashville, Bellevue and Johnson City, Tenn.
139. POLYGYRA HIRSUTA (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south to Wyandotte, Kansas, and Jackson Co., Ala. (also reported from near Guaymas, northwestern Mexico).
139a. POLYGYRA HIRSUTA ALTISPIRA Pils. Magnetic City, Roan Mountain, and Black Mountains, N. C.
140. POLYGYRA MAXILLATA (Gld.). Mountains of Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia (near Columbus).
141. POLYGYRA MONODON (Rack). Canada to Minnesota, south
to North Carolina and San Antonio, Texas.
( To be continued.)
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XI. JANUARY, 1898. No. 9.
SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA.
BY T. H. ALDRICH.
Anomia navicelloides n. sp.
Shell thin, pearly, with lines of growth on the outer surface ot the superior valve, very nacreous and shining within, the upper valve having a distinct heak, not marginal. Surface bearing traces of broad radial color bands; interior showing three cicatrices, the larger one with semicircular lines and fine striatious crossing them.
Breadth of superior valve 13 mm., width 23 mm.
Locality. — Near Choctaw Corner, Ala., Wood's Bluff horizon. Has very much the appearance of a Navicella, which has suggested the name. Only the upper valve so far discovered.
Odontostomia matthewsensis n. sp.
Shell small, medium thickness, smooth, whorl six, spire rather blunt, suture impressed ; aperture rather narrow, with one strong fold on the columella, also partly reflected and rather pointed at base.
Length 3* mm., width 1 mm.
Locality. — Matthews Lauding, Alabama.
Cancellaria annosa n. sp.
Shell small, spire obtuse, whorls four, shouldered, strongly can- cellated, nodular at junction of lines, the revolving line below the suture more strongly nodular than the others ; outer lip expanded, nodular within ; columella with two folds.
Height 2J mm., breadth 1J mm.
98 THE NAUTILUS.
Locality. — Matthews Lauding, Alabama Rv.. Alabama. While the type specimen is a young shell, yet the characters are very dis- tinct from any other species known.
Cancellaria graciloides n. sp.
Shell